Chii chinonzi Nandroid backup uye unozviita sei pa Android?

Kana iwe wakambozeya nenharembozha yako kuisa maROM, uchiita mudzi kana nekushandura kupora, iwe wakambonzwa nezve Nandroid backupsNdiwo mutsara wehupenyu unogona kukuponesa kubva pakutya kukuru kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza uye foni ikamira kushanda, inonamira mubootloop, kana kutanga kusashanda pasina chikonzero chakajeka.

Muchinyorwa chino uchaona zvakadzama Chii chaizvo chinonzi Nandroid, chinoshandiswa chii, uye unogadzira sei nhanho imwe nhanho?Gwaro iri rinosanganisirawo tarisiro yehunyanzvi hwekuti Android inoshanda sei mukati uye nei rudzi urwu rwekuchengetedza rune simba. Chinangwa ndechekuti, kana wapedza kuverenga, hauzongokwanisa kutevera chidzidzo chete, asi zvakare kunzwisisa zviri kuitika pasi pehodhi yemudziyo wako.

Chii chinonzi Nandroid backup uye nei yakakosha?

A Nandroid backup ndeye Zadzisa backup yemukati mamiriro eiyo Android kifaa panguva chaiyo. Haingochengetedze mafoto ako kana maapplication: inotora system partitions, data yemushandisi, bhutsu (bhutsu) uye, zvichienderana nekudzikinura, kunyange kupatsanurwa kwekudzorera kana EFS / modem partition mune mamwe maitiro.

Kusiyana nema backups aunoita neAroid apps, kuchengetedza kweNandroid kunoitwa kubva ku kudzoreredza nharaunda (kudzoreredza tsika senge TWRP kana yakafanana) Uye, mune akawanda epamberi workflows, inowedzerwa nemidziyo yakadai se kushandisa ADBIyi nharaunda inotanga yakaparadzana kubva kune huru sisitimu uye inokwanisa kuverenga nekuvhara mabhuraki ese endangariro sekunge iwo madhisiki mifananidzo, senge izvo zvinoitwa pamaPC ane zvirongwa zvakaita seClonezilla kana Ghost.

Kubatsira kukuru ndeyekuti, paunodzorera Nandroid, foni inodzokera kune chaizvo zvazvaive panguva yekopiSame ROM, maapplications akafanana, kernel yakafanana, marongero akafanana, tsikidzi dzakafanana kana paine… zvese. Ndokusaka, usati wavheneka ROM nyowani, kugadzirisa nemaoko, kana kuyedza ine njodzi mods, zvinenge zvakakosha kuti uve negadziriro yeparutivi sezvizvi zvakachengetedzwa.

Iyi fomu yekukopa inotsamira pamagadzirirwo akaitwa Android mukati: sisitimu yakavakirwa pane Linux kerneline akati wandei-akanyatsotsanangurwa partitions uye software layer dzinotaurirana kuburikidza neAPIs uye vatyairi. Chaizvo nekuti chimiro chiri modular, iyo yekudzoreredza sisitimu inogona kukopa chaiyo partitions pasina kuda kubhowa iyo yese system.

Android yakarongeka sei mukati uye inei nechokuita neNandroid?

Android inhare inoshanda sisitimu inotsamira pane Linux kernel yekugadzirisa ndangariro, maitiro, chengetedzo uye HardwarePamusoro peiyo kernel inovakwa akaturikidzana: ekuzvarwa C / C ++ maraibhurari, iyo yekumhanyisa nharaunda (Dalvik / ART), iyo sisitimu yekushandisa uye, pamusoro pezvose, maapplication aunoshandisa mazuva ese.

Padanho remuviri, zvese izvi zvakakamurwa kuita akati wandei zvikamu zve kuchengetedzaIwo akajairwa ndeaya: boot (kernel uye ramdisk), system (system mafaera uye mutengesi layer), mutengesi (vatyairi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehardware), data (maapplication uye data yevashandisi), cache, kudzoreredza uye, pane mamwe maturusi, zvikamu zvakakosha seEFS (network identifiers) kana modem.

Chikamu chekudzorera, uko maNandroid maturusi anomhanya, ane ruzivo rwakananga kune izvi zvikamu. Kubva ipapo unogona kugadzira yakamanikidzwa mifananidzo yememory blocksNenzira iyi, kwete chete zvinoonekwa zvirimo zvinokopwa, asi chimiro chese chechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Ndokusaka kudzoreredza kwacho kwakaringana uye mudziyo unosimuka sekunge hapana chakaitika.

Mukuwedzera, Android inoshandisa a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Inoita semurevereri pakati pezvishandiso uye iyo chaiyo hardware (kamera, GPS, sensors, nezvimwewo). Yese Hardware inoburitswa kune sisitimu kuburikidza nevatyairi muLinux kernel nemaraibhurari ekuzvarwa, nepo maapplication achitaurirana achishandisa Java/Kotlin chimiro. Iyo Nandroid kopi haitarise zvakanyanya padanho reAPI, asi pane iyo block level, saka inosanganisira zvese zvinogadzira iyo yekumhanya nharaunda.

Nezve kuuraya kodhi, kusvika kuAndroid 4.4 akawanda maapplication aimhanya mumushini chaiwo Dalvikpamwe chete-mu-nguva (JIT) kuunganidzwa. Kubva Android 5.0, ART (Android Runtime) yakashandiswa, iyo inounganidza mapurogiramu kumakodhi ekuzvarwa panguva yekuiswa. Mukuchengetedza kweNandroid, zvose Dalvik uye ART zvinoratidzwa muhurongwa uye data data, saka haufaniri kunetseka pamusoro peinjini yenguva inoshandiswa: kuchengetedza kunosanganisira zvose.

Zvakanakira uye zvisingakwanisi Nandroid backups

Chinhu chekutanga chikuru cheNandroid ndechekuti inoshanda se Kudzivirirwa kwese pazvidhinha zvine musoroKana iwe ukaisa ROM isingashande zvakanaka, kana kernel yakagadziridzwa ichikonzera bootloops, kana kana system mod ikatyora chimwe chinhu chakakosha, pane kunetsekana nekupenya kwechikamu, unogona kungodzosera backup yako uye dzokera kwawakatanga.

Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha ndeyekuti maitiro acho akanaka yakazvimirira yeROM kana customization layer Izvo hazvina basa kuti uri kushandisa chii: inogona kunge iri stock Samsung ROM ine Imwe UI, Xiaomi MIUI, yakachena AOSP ROM, kana imwewo senge LineageOS kana GrapheneOS. Kudzoreredza kunoshanda padanho rekuparadzanisa, kwete iyo interface, saka maitiro akajairwa ekugadzira uye kudzoreredza Nandroid backup inochinja zvishoma pakati pemidziyo.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti rudzi urwu rwekuchengetedza harisi mashiripiti. A Nandroid backup yakanyatso kusungirirwa kune ... hardware uye partition structure pafoni yako. Iwe haugoni kutsigira pane imwe modhi uye kuidzorera pane imwe yakasiyana zvachose, uye haisi iyo pfungwa yakanaka yekudzorera yekare Nandroid pamusoro pekuparadzanisa chimiro chakashanduka nekuda kwekugadzirisa kukuru kweAroid pasina kuziva chaizvo zvauri kuita.

Izvo zvakare hazvitsivise mamwe mabhakitiri egranular. Kunyangwe backup yeNandroid ichisanganisira yako data uye maapplication, zvinowanzo shanda kuisanganisa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza, senge kuwiriranisa ne [zvisina kujeka - ingangoita chaiyo nzira yekuchengetedza]. Google Drive, Google Photos, kana chaiwo makopi emafolda akakosha, se chengetedza APK yeapp yakaiswa.

Pakupedzisira, saizi inofanira kuverengerwa. Paunenge uchikopa zvikamu zvose, faira yeNandroid inogona kutora nzvimbo yakawanda. akawanda gigabytes zvichienderana nezviri mumudziyo wako. Zvinokurudzirwa kuve neyakakwana yemahara nzvimbo mundangariro yemukati kana, zvakanaka, pane inokurumidza microSD kadhi kuti uzvichengete pasina matambudziko.

Android sechirongwa chekushandisa: mamiriro ekunzwisisa zviri nani Nandroid

Android ndiyo nhasi inotonga nharembozha inoshanda pasi rese, nemugove uri pamusoro apa zvakajeka iOS Munyika zhinji, kunyanya mumisika yakaita seIndia, Brazil, neSpain, yakavakirwa paiyo Android Open Source Project (AOSP), ine rezinesi pasi peApache, iyo mugadziri wega wega anobva awedzera rayo.

Sisitimu iyi yakatanga kuAndroid Inc., kambani yakavambwa muna 2003 yakatorwa neGoogle muna 2005. Nzvimbo iyi yakaziviswa muna 2007 pamwe chete ne Vhura Handset Alliance, mubatanidzwa wevagadziri nevashandisi (Samsung, LG, Motorola, Qualcomm, pakati pevamwe vazhinji) iyo yakanangana nekusimudzira yakavhurika zviyero zvenharembozha. Wokutanga terminal Yekutanga yekutengesa Android mudziyo yaive HTC Dream, yakatangwa muna 2008.

Kubva ipapo, Android yave kugamuchira inogara ichidzokororwa Kusvika vhezheni 9, zvishandiso zveAroid zvakaonekwa nemazita edhizeti mune alfabheti (Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, KitKat, Lollipop, Marshmallow, Nougat, Oreo, uye Pie). Kutanga ne Android 10, akanyanya manhamba sisitimu yekupa zita yakagamuchirwa, kunyangwe mazita edhizari achiri kushandiswa mukati.

Neshanduro yega yega, kuvandudzwa kwakaunzwa mukati chengetedzo, mvumo yekutonga, giraidhi kuita, multimedia rutsigiro, uye maturusi ekuvandudzaUyezve, ruzivo rwemashandisirwo rwakanatswa kutanga neChinhu Dhizaini, uye gare gare neChinhu Iwe (Chinhu 3), icho chinoshandura zvine simba pendi yeruvara rwe system kune yako Wallpaper.

Kuparadzana, zvisinei, kunoramba kuri kumwe kwekusasimba kwayo: hazvisi zvese zvishandiso zvinogashira zvigadziriso panguva imwe chete, uye akawanda mamodheru anonamira pane ekare shanduro. Kupatsanurwa kumwe chete uku chimwezve chikonzero chekukoshesa Nandroid backupsnekuti ivo vanokutendera iwe kuchengetedza yakagadzikana "yekudzoka point" kunyangwe mugadziri asingatarisire zvakanyanya nekuvandudza.

Key Android zvikamu zvine chekuita ne backups

Pamusoro pedenga pane kushandiswa kwevashandisiEmail, SMS, browser, mepu, contacts, etc. Vazhinji vanouya pre-yakaiswa neGoogle (Gmail, Mepu, YouTube, Drive) kana nemugadziri, asi vese vanovimba neiyo imwechete seti yeAPIs kubva kune application framework.

Pazasi isu tine chimiro chekushandisaIyi API inofumura masevhisi akadai sezviitwa, masevhisi ekumashure, vanopa zvemukati, iyo yekuzivisa sisitimu, hwindo maneja, maneja wepakeji, uye mvumo yekutonga pachayo. Chero mugadziri anogadzira Android app anotoshanda achipesana nemaAPI aya.

Pazasi pane maraibhurari ekuzvarwa MuC/C++, ivo vane basa rekuita mabasa akakosha senge webhu rendering injini (yakatanga WebKit), iyo injini yemifananidzo, OpenGL ES, iyo SQLite dhatabhesi, multimedia maraibhurari, SSL, uye C standard raibhurari (Bionic). Zvese izvi zvinomhanya paLinux kernel, iyo ndiyo inodyidzana nehardware.

Iyo yekumhanyisa nguva, ingave Dalvik kana ART, inoita seyakagadzika iyo inoita kodhi yemapurogiramu uye inogadzirisa chiyeuchidzo chega rega rega. Imwe neimwe app inomhanya mune yayo yega muchina kana yakasarudzika maitiro, ayo anovandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana: kana imwe application ikaparara, haifanirwe kudhonzera pasi yasara system.

Pakupedzisira, pazasi, iyo Linux kernel 2.6 uye gare gare Iyo inobata madhiraivha ehardware, iyo network stack, maitiro ekuronga, uye ndangariro manejimendi. Android zvakare inotsamira padanho iri kushandisa maficha akadai sekuchengetedza magetsi, akawanda-touch rutsigiro, Bluetooth, GPS, masensa, uye runyorwa rurefu rwezvimwe zvinogoneka zvinozoshandiswa nemaapplication nenzira isinganzwisisike.

Yazvino Android maficha uye mabasa

Zvinoonekwa, Android yakagadzirira saizi dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvigadzirisoKubva panharembozha dzakabatana kusvika pamapiritsi, terevhizheni, uye masisitimu emotokari, sisitimu inotsigira 2D uye 3D mifananidzo yekumhanyisa, uye iyo interface inodhirowa uchishandisa maraibhurari akagadziridzwa kutora mukana weGPU.

Nekuchengetedza kwemukati, Android inonyanya kushandisa SQLite seyakareruka dhatabhesi injiniPamusoro peiyo yekare faira system mune flash memory, yega yega app ine yayo. nzvimbo yakavanzika mukati / data, iyo mamwe maapplication haakwanise kuwana zvakananga pasina yakakosha mvumo kana mudzi.

Panyaya yekubatanidza, chikuva chinotsigira a dzakasiyana siyana dzenharembozha uye network tekinorojiGSM/EDGE, CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, LTE, uye 5G mushanduro dzichangoburwa, pamwe neWi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, uye dzimwe sarudzo. Zvekutumira mameseji, kuwedzera kuSMS neMMS, Android inobatanidza push notification masevhisi kuburikidza neFirebase Cloud Messaging (FCM).

El web browser Nekusagadzikana, nhoroondo yakavakirwa paWebKit uye V8 JavaScript injini, yanga ichisangana nayo Google Chromekunyangwe mushandisi anogona kugara achiisa Mamwe mabhurawuza akadai seFirefox, Opera, kana Chromium akasiyanaPadanho remultimedia, inotsigira mafomati akajairika seWebM, H.264/H.265, MP3AAC, OGG, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoenderana neshanduro uye Hardware.

Android inopawo rutsigiro kumhanyira zvemukatiIzvi zvakawanikwa kuburikidza neRTP/RTSP protocol, kufambira mberi kutenderera muHTML5, uye mhinduro dzakanangana nemupi. Izvi zvagonesa kuwedzera kwemavhidhiyo nemimhanzi mapuratifomu panharembozha uye Android TV.

Android app kuvandudza uye kudyidzana system

Kugadzira Android application, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kushandiswa: Android Studio seyakanyanya kusimudzira nharaundaIyi IDE inosanganisira iyo Android SDK, emulators, debugging maturusi, mashandiro ekuongorora, uye graphical interface wizards. Eclipse ine ADT plugin yakamboshandiswa, asi nhasi Android Studio ndiyo chiyero.

Mitauro inonyanyozivikanwa yemapurogiramu epurogiramu ndeye Java uye KotlinNekudaro, zvikamu zvemuno zvinogona zvakare kunyorwa muC kana C ++ uchishandisa iyo NDK (Native Development Kit). Izvi zvinobatsira kumitambo uye maapplication-akanyanya kushanda uko maraibhurari aripo anoda kushandiswa zvakare.

Google inopa a magwaro akazara kwazvo Iyo saiti yekuvandudza inosanganisira macode samples, madhizaini edhizaini, kudyidzana maitiro akanaka, uye Material Design nhungamiro. Uyezve, nharaunda yebudiriro yakakura, ine maforamu, yakavhurika-sosi repositori, uye yechitatu-bato maraibhurari kune chero chinodiwa.

Zvese izvi zvikamu zvekusimudzira ecosystem zvinoratidzwa zvakaenzana muNandroid backup: nekubatanidza iyo data uye system partitions, iyo backup ine zvese zvakadhawunirodha maapplication uye yavo. mamiriro emukati, zvigadziriso uye dhatabhesi, semuenzaniso we chengetedza kufambira mberi kwemutamboPaunodzoreredza, zvinoita sekunge hauna kumbobvisa kana kugadzirisa chero chinhu.

Chengetedzo, kuvanzika, uye basa reNandroid backups

Kwemakore, Android yanga iri nyaya yekuongororwa nemakambani ekuchengetedza uye masangano ehurumende. Zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa zvakaratidza kuti, kunyange zvakadaro iOS inogona kuunganidza huwandu hukuru hwekushumwa huremaAndroid inowanzo gamuchira kurwiswa chaiko, muchidimbu nekuti ndiyo inotungamira puratifomu uye nekuti inobvumidza kuisirwa maapps kubva kunze kwezvitoro zviri pamutemo.

Google yakaita nekusimbisa maitiro ayo ekuchengetedza: Kuongororwa kweApp paGoogle Play, kuomesa bhokisi rejecha, mvumo yegranular, uye encryption yedata uye zvishandiso seGoogle Play Dzivirira. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mushandisi achiri kuita basa rakakosha, kunyanya kana achivhura bhooloader, kudzura mudziyo, kana kuisa tsika yekudzoreredza kuita Nandroid flash.

Munzvimbo yekuvanzika, pave paine zviitiko apo imwe nzvimbo kana sarudzo dzekubatanidza dzakasimudza kunetseka. Zvimiro zvakadai kuunganidzwa kwedata regeolocation kana kubatanidzwa nemepu masevhisi Dzimwe nguva dzakashandiswa nemasangano ehungwaru kubata ruzivo, maererano nemagwaro akaburitswa.

Kune avo vanoita zvakadzika shanduko kune sisitimu, Nandroid haingori chengetedzo pakutadza, asiwo nzira yekuenda. edza mamwe marongero akasarudzikaIwe unogona kuisa kuchengetedza-yakatarisana neROMs, kudzima kana kubvisa zvisingadiwe masevhisi, uye kana iwe usingafari nemhedzisiro, dzokera zviri nyore kune yakapfuura mamiriro nekudzoreredza backup.

Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira paunenge uchichengeta uye uchigadzirisa ma backups aya. A Nandroid backup ine yako yese data rako pachako, zvitupa, maakaundi, uye mamesejiSaka kuichengeta munzvimbo isina kuchengeteka kana kuigovana pasina encryption kungave kukanganisa kwakanyanya kuchengetedza.

Android pamusika uye kutsigirwa kwenguva refu

Panyaya yekugamuchirwa, Android inoshandiswa mukati nharembozha, mahwendefa, smart TV, wachi, mota uye kunyange midziyo yemumbaYayo yakavhurika-sosi hunhu uye kuchinjika kwakabvumira vagadziri pasi rese kuti vaisanganise muhardware yemhando dzakasiyana kwazvo nemitengo.

Nhamba dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza kuti shanduro itsva dzesisitimu, senge Android 13 uye 14Ivo vari kuwedzera, asi vachiri kugara pamwe neshanduro dzekare senge Android 10, 11, kana kunyange 9 pamidziyo yakawanda. Izvi zvinopesvedzera magadzirirwo anofanirwa kugadzira maapuro avo uye zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza mabhapu akavimbika.

Iyo yekuvandudza yekutsigira kutenderera inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemugadziri: Google zvishandiso (Pixel) zvinowanzove nazvo makore akati wandei ekuvandudza kukuru uye chengetedzo zvigambanepo mamwe mamodheru epasi anogona kurasikirwa nerutsigiro munguva pfupi.

Muchirevo ichocho, vashandisi vepamberi vanotendeukira kune tsika maROM kune wedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo yakoApa ndipo apo Nandroid backups inonyanya kubatsira: paunenge uchichinja maROM, kernels, kana kupora, kuchengetedza kopi yakakwana yegadziriro yapfuura inokubvumira kuti udzoke kana chimwe chinhu chisiri kushanda zvakanaka kana kana shanduro itsva isingashandisi.

Muchidimbu, Android yave a yakakura uye yakasiyana kwazvo ecosystemMunharaunda ino, umo marudzi ese ezvishandiso, akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa masisitimu, uye isingaenderane yekuvandudza marongero aripo, kugona maturusi senge Nandroid backups inokupa iwe kuchinjika kwakawanda kwekufamba iyi inogara ichichinja nyika nechivimbo.

Iye zvino zvaunoziva zvakadzama kuti Android inoshanda sei mukati, kuti zvikamu zvaro zvakarongwa sei, ibasa ripi rekudzoreredza, uye ndeupi ruzivo rwakachengetwa muNandroid backup, zviri nyore kuona kuti nei iyi backup yakakwana iri nzira yehupenyu yakanakisa paunofunga kuedza neROMs, rooting, kernels, kana chero yakadzika shanduko: kunzwisisa hurongwa uye kuva ne mufananidzo uzere wechimiro chemudziyo wako Ndiwo musanganiswa unobvumidza iwe kuti uongorore usingatyi uye, kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza, dzosa foni yako sezvazvaive nemapombi akati wandei kubva kudzoreredza modhi.