- Ukwamkela amaphepha-mvume ngaphandle kokuwafunda kuvula umnyango wamagatya, uphicotho-zincwadi, kunye nemida echaphazela ukhuseleko, ukuthotyelwa kunye neendleko.
- Isoftware engekho mthethweni iphinda-phinda imingcipheko: isoftweUkungazinzi, ilahleko yedatha, kunye nezohlwayo zoqoqosho nezolwaphulo-mthetho.
- Udumo kunye neziqinisekiso (i-ISO, uphicotho-zincwadi) zisemngciphekweni, kunye nefuthe elithe ngqo kwiintengiso, uncedo kunye nezivumelwano.
- Kukho ezinye iindlela ezisemthethweni nezifikelelekayo; nge-SAM, inkxaso ye-legaltech kunye noqeqesho, iingozi ezifihliweyo kunye neendleko ziyancipha.
Kukangaphi ucofa u-"Yamkela" ngaphandle kokujonga umgca omnye welayisensi yenkqubo? Eso senzo sibonakala singenabungozi sinokuba neziphumo ezibi, kuba ubuthathaka obufihlakeleyo bunokufihlwa phantsi kwezo meko. iimvume, imida yosetyenziso, amagatya kunye noxanduva Ezi ngxaki ziyakuchaphazela ngokobugcisa, ngokusemthethweni nangokwemali. Kwaye xa kudityaniswe nokusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezingagunyaziswanga okanye ezinobuqhetseba, ingxaki iyaphindaphindeka.
Kubomi bomntu kwaye, ngakumbi, kwishishini, ukwamkela iilayisensi ngaphandle kokuzifunda kunye nokusebenzisa isoftware engagunyaziswanga kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-malware, ukulahleka kwedatha, izohlwayo, uphicotho olungaphumelelanga, kunye nomonakalo wegama. Le asiyothiyori kuphela: kukho izifundo, izigwebo zenkundla, kunye neenkcukacha-manani ezicace kakhulu ezizoba umfanekiso omfiliba kuye nabani na o... yenza ukuba "okulandelayo, okulandelayo, yamkela" okanye ubhenela kwiikopi ezingekho mthethweni ecinga ukuba "akukho nto iya kwenzeka".
Uvuma ntoni xa ucofa u-“Ndiyavuma”?
Nangona ungayifundi, i-EULA okanye ilayisenisi yomsebenzisi ichaza into ongayenza ngesofthiwe, yeyiphi idatha eqokelelweyo, nokuba kuya kubakho i-telemetry, ukufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ukuhlaziywa okunyanzeliswayo, kunye nokuba iingxabano ziya kulungiswa njani (i-arbitration, jurisdiction, njl.). Kumashishini, kuqhelekile ukuba la mhlathi aquke amalungelo ophicotho-zincwadi lwabenzi kunye nezibophelelo ze-software ye-asethi (SAM). Ukungawahoyi la magatya kunokuba nemiphumo. ukulinganiselwa komsebenzisi/indawo, izithintelo ekusebenziseni urhwebo, okanye ukupheliswa kwangoko ukuba isivumelwano saphulwa.
Amaphepha-mvume amaninzi agunyazisa ukufakela amacandelo ongezelelweyo, ukuthunyelwa kweenkcukacha-manani, kunye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yangasemva. Ukuba awuyazi le miqathango, ungavumela inkqubo ukuba iqokelele imetadata ebuthathaka okanye itshintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili, kunye nesiphumo sedatha yakho. ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo, ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko.
Ngaphaya koko, kwi-BYOD kunye neemeko zomsebenzi ezixubeneyo, ukwamkela iilayisensi kwizixhobo zobuqu ngeenjongo zomsebenzi kunokungqubana nemigaqo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha kwe "Ikhaya" okanye uhlelo lwasimahla. Ukungahoyi le nkcukacha kuvula umnyango kumabango avela kumenzi. ilayisensi eneendleko ezinkulu kunye nophicotho lolawulongakumbi ukuba ikhontrakthi ibonelela ngokuhlolwa.
I-SaaS kunye neenkonzo zamafu zazisa omnye umaleko: utshintsho olusecaleni kwiimeko, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedatha ngaphandle kwelizwe lakho, kunye nemijikelo yobomi emifutshane. Ukuba wamkela ngaphandle kokuphonononga, unokuba unika ukukhanya okuluhlaza kufuduko lwedatha okanye udibaniso olungqubana nemigaqo-nkqubo yakho yangaphakathi okanye imigangatho efana ISO 27001 okanye LOPDGDD/GDPR.
Imingcipheko yokhuseleko: i-malware, ispyware, kunye neTrojans
Isoftware engenalayisenisi okanye ephikisiweyo yimagnethi ye-malware. Ulungelelwaniso lusekwe kakuhle: njengoko izinga lesoftware engagunyaziswanga landa, kunjalo nobukho bekhowudi engalunganga kwiikhompyuter. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye software pirated ifaka Trojans, ispyware, adware, okanye ransomwarekwaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bayisebenzisayo baxela ukosuleleka kunye neengxaki ezinzulu.
Kukho iimeko eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana ne "keylogger Trojans": olu hlobo lwentsholongwane lurekhodisha izitshixo kwaye lubiwe iziqinisekiso, ulwazi lwebhanki, okanye ukufikelela kwinkampani. Ukufaka iintanda okanye iipatches "zokuvula" zihlala ziyindawo yokungena, kuba ezi zinto ziphunyezwayo zicela amalungelo aphezulu kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, Abafumani ingqinisekiso okanye iipetshi zokhuseleko umenzi.
I-Ransomware lelinye ityala elikhulu: amanani amva nje aqikelela ilahleko yehlabathi yamashumi eebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka omnye, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware engekho semthethweni sisifo esiqhelekileyo sosulelo. Xa uyamkela ngokumfamekileyo ilayisenisi okanye uqhuba izifakeli ezivela kwimithombo ethandabuzekayo, unokuvuma utshintsho lwenkqubo oluvula ucango lwe-ransomware. uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwefayile, ukuphanga, kunye nokuvalwa komsebenzi.
Ukulanda Ukukhuphela kwiinethiwekhi ze-P2P (i-eMule, i-BitTorrent, njl.) Kuba akukho nkxaso yasemthethweni okanye uhlaziyo, ukuba sesichengeni kuba yinto engapheliyo.
Impembelelo yokusebenza: ukusilela, ukungazinzi, kunye nokulahleka kwedatha
Isoftware engekho mthethweni ayifumani amaphetshana, ayinamaxwebhu athembekileyo, kwaye ivalela ukufikelela kwinkxaso yobugcisa. Oku kubangela ukuphahlazeka okuphindaphindiweyo, ukungahambelani, imiba yokusebenza, kunye nokungakwazi ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neeCRM, ii-ERPs, okanye iinkqubo zokubala. Abasebenzisi abaninzi beekopi ezingagunyaziswanga babika iingxaki rhoqo ezichaphazelayo iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokuhlawula, uluhlu lwempahla, okanye ukunika ingxelo.
Ngokwenyani, ixesha lokuphumla liyaphindaphindeka, idatha ilahlekile ngenxa yorhwaphilizo lwefayile, kwaye imiqobo ibonakala ngenxa yokufakwa kwakhona kunye neendlela zokusebenza ezingazange zisebenze. Xa sithetha ngee-SMEs, imeko iba baluleke kakhulu: ukungafumaneki kwekhompyuter okanye ukuphazamiseka kwesicelo esingundoqo kuthetha ukuba. ukulibaziseka, ukunyuka kweendleko kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso ngefuthe elithe ngqo kwingxelo yenzuzo nelahleko.
Isoftware yepirated ihlala ilungiswa ukuze idlule imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, ayinazo izinto ezibalulekileyo, okanye ayivavanywa kudityaniswa nenye isoftware. hardware y iinkqubo zokusebenza mihla. Oko kuchaza izinga eliphezulu lokuphahlazeka, iibhugi, kunye nokukhenkceza, ekuhambeni kwexesha, Bayenza imo engqongileyo iphelelwe lixesha kwaye ingasetyenziswaKwaye ukuba isofthiwe ephazamisekileyo yinkqubo yokusebenza ngokwayo, libala ngayo: ngaphandle kohlaziyo lokhuseleko, ingozi yezulu.
Kananjalo akukho ziqinisekiso okanye i-inshorensi ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle. Amaxwebhu asenokungaphelelanga okanye angabikho, kwaye kunjalo, Akukho ziqinisekiso okanye ukutshintshwa zikhoyo ngenxa yeziphene, okwandisa iindleko zokubuyisela kunye nokwandisa ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi.
Imingcipheko esemthethweni kunye nezohlwayo: eSpain, eMexico, eItali kunye nokunye
Ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware engagunyaziswanga kophula amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. ESpeyin, i-Penal Code (art. 270.1) ibonelela ngeentlawulo zeenyanga eziliqela kunye nezigwebo zentolongo kuye nabani na ovelisa okanye osebenzisa imisebenzi ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa ngenjongo yokufumana inzuzo ngokuthe ngqo okanye engathanga ngqo. Ukulandela uhlaziyo luka-2015, kugxilwe kwabo banoxanduva, abaphathi, kunye nabalawuli kukhulu, kunye izohlwayo ezinokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka eeuro kunye neziphumo ezibi kwiziko elisemthethweni.
Amanyathelo asenokuquka ukuchithwa kwenkampani, ukunqunyanyiswa komsebenzi ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emihlanu, ukuvalwa kwezakhiwo ngexesha elinye, kunye nothintelo lokufumana uncedo, ukwenza ikhontrakthi necandelo likarhulumente, okanye ukuxhamla kwiinkuthazo zerhafu ixesha elongeziweyo. Kubekho izigwebo ezikhokelela kwizigwebo zentolongo kubalawuli kunye Izohlwayo ezinkulu ngomonakalo iilayisensi ezingafunyanwanga.
Kukho amatyala aziwayo: izigwebo eziye zabeka imbuyekezo edlula i-€ 450.000 kwiinkampani ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe engavumelekanga, okanye izigwebo zentolongo kunye nezohlwayo kubanikazi bamashishini ngokusebenzisa ii-pirated operating systems kunye neeofisi zeofisi. Ukongeza kwizohlwayo, ezinye izohlwayo zinokwenzeka. ukuthinjwa kwezixhobo nokuvulwa kwamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nomonakalo wegama kunye nokusebenza okubandakanya oku.
Ngaphandle kweSpeyin, imeko ayikho ngcono: eMexico, izohlwayo zokusebenzisa isofthiwe engekho mthethweni zinokufikelela kwi-multiples ephezulu kakhulu yomvuzo omncinci (izigidi zeepesos), njengoko kuchazwe kwi-Federal Penal Code, uMthetho we-Copyright Federal, kunye noMthetho wePropati yezoShishino. E-Italy, uMthetho 633/1941 (ubugcisa be-171-bis) uchaza izohlwayo eziqatha zokuvelisa okanye ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Ngamanye amazwi, Ukunyamezelana okumiselweyo kuncinci.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abaphathi abazibeke esichengeni kuphela kumngcipheko; bakwabeka abasebenzi babo emngciphekweni: abaphantsi abasebenza ngezi nkqubo bajongene neengozi zomthetho. Kwaye kumazwe aliqela, amaphulo okuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yelungelo lokushicilela aye anda, ngoko Amathuba okuhlolwa kunye nesohlwayo ayanda..
Isidima, iziqinisekiso kunye nentembeko yemarike
Ngaphandle kwezohlwayo kunye namatyala asenkundleni, ukusebenzisa isoftware engagunyaziswanga okanye ukwamkela ngokumfamekileyo iilayisensi kuyonakalisa umfanekiso wenkampani. Abathengi kunye nababoneleli abaqhuba inkuthalo efanelekileyo banokufumanisa izenzo ezitenxileyo kwaye bagqibe ekubeni bangasebenzisani. Uninzi lwabathengi bathi bayakuyeka ukwenza ishishini nenkampani ukuba bayazi ukuba isebenzisa isoftware engagunyaziswanga. isoftwe engekho mthethweni okanye engagunyaziswanga.
Kwizatifikethi, ingozi iyinyani: abaphicothi-zincwadi banokuchonga ukungahambi kakuhle ngenxa yolawulo olubi lwe-asethi yesoftware kunye nomgangatho webhloko okanye ukuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko (umzekelo, ISO 27001 okanye ISO 20000-1). Kukho amacandelo apho, ngaphandle kwezi ziqinisekiso, Akukho ukufikelela kwiimarike zangaphandle okanye izivumelwano ezinkulu..
Isidima sikwayonakala xa iziganeko zivela: ukophulwa kwedatha, iransomware, okanye ukungafumaneki kokusebenza okudityaniswe nesoftware engathenjwa. Nokuba ingxaki isuka ekwamkeleni iimvume ezihlaselayo okanye uhlaziyo olwaphula udibaniso ngaphandle kokulufunda, ibali langaphandle liyafana: ukusilela kolawulo lwethekhinoloji.
Kwaye lumkela uncedo loluntu okanye inzuzo yerhafu: ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-IT kunokukhokelela ekungafanelekiyo ekufumaneni izibonelelo okanye izibonelelo, ezinciphisa ukukhula kunye kunciphisa ukukhuphisana ngokuchasene nabakhuphisani abathobelayo.
Amanani afanele ukukhunjulwa
Uphononongo olugunyaziswe yimibutho yoshishino lubonise ukuba eSpain ipesenti yesoftware engenaphepha-mvume okanye iipakethe ezinelayisenisi engafanelekanga iphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezulu komndilili weNtshona Yurophu. Ngamaxesha athile, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kufutshane ezine kwezilishumi iinkqubo Abanayo ilayisensi efanelekileyo.
Ishishini lilahlekelwa ngamakhulu ezigidi zeeyuro ngenxa yolu qheliselo, kwaye iindleko zohlaselo lwekhompyutha kwiinkampani ziye zaqikelelwa kumakhulu eebhiliyoni zeedola kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngeli xesha, uhlalutyo lwesoftware ephikisiweyo lubonise ukuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezi kopi ziqulethe i-malware kwaye uninzi lwabasebenzisi bazo. Bafumana usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo kunye nokusilela.
Ubalo lukwapapashiwe luqikelela ukuba nokwenzeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwelahleko yedatha iyonke kunye nokusilela okubalulekileyo kwiinkampani ezisebenzisa isoftwe engekho mthethweni. Kwaye kwicandelo le-SME, apho phantse isiqingatha seefemu okanye ii-consultants zisebenza ngaphandle kwabasebenzi, umngcipheko wezigqibo ezingonelanga zetekhnoloji (ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokungabikho kolwazi) mkhulu ngakumbi, kwandisa utyhileko.
Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwavela iimeko zeentlawulo zembuyekezo ezidlula i-€ 450.000, iintlawulo ezinokufikelela kwi-€ 280.000 kwiimeko ezithile, kunye nezigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho zabalawuli. Le rekhodi yenza kucace ukuba “Akukho mntu ufumanisayo” ayiselilo iqhinga.
Iindleko ezifihliweyo kunye ne-brake kwimveliso
Izinto ezitshiphu ziphela zibiza kakhulu: iziganeko zokhuseleko, ixesha Ixesha lokuphumla, ilahleko yedatha, kunye nenkxaso engekho semthethweni inokubiza amawaka ngamawaka ngesehlo ngasinye, ukudlula kakhulu ixabiso leelayisenisi ezisemthethweni. Kongezwa koku ngamathuba amaxabiso eeprojekthi ezilibazisekayo, ukuhanjiswa okuphosiweyo, kunye nabathengi abangonelisekanga-zonke ngenxa yokwamkelwa. iimeko ezingafundwanga okanye zokusebenzisa isoftwe engagunyaziswanga.
Iipetshi ze-Makeshift zokwenza umsebenzi wokuqhekeka ngohlaziyo lwamva nje, ukufakwa kwakhona, kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso kwandisa ukuphuma kunye nokutshabalalisa ukuzithemba kweqela. Isiphumo: iiveki zomsebenzi olahlekileyo kunye ne-rock-bottom morale, ngakumbi xa Akukho ziqinisekiso okanye ijelo elisemthethweni kubani ukubhenela.
Ukuziphatha, uxanduva kunye nokuzinza kwe-ikhosistim
Ukusebenzisa isoftware yepirated akukho mthethweni nje kuphela, kodwa akwamkelekanga emehlweni abantu abaninzi. Ukungahlawuli abaphuhlisi kucinezela inguqulelo kwaye konakalise ikhonkco lexabiso. Ukufumana iilayisenisi kunye nokuthobela imiqathango kukhuthaza ukukhula koshishino, ukudala imisebenzi, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo-umjikelo olungileyo inceda icandelo loshishino.
Ibhrendi yakho ikwanxibelelana ngezigqibo zayo zetekhnoloji: ukubeka phambili ukuthotyelwa kunye nokungafihlisi kuthumela umyalezo ocacileyo wemfezeko kubathengi, amaqabane, abatyali mali, kunye neqela lakho. Uxanduva lwedijithali alukho nje ukunxitywa kwefestile; yindlela yokuhlala unyanisekile kuhlobo lwakho. inzuzo yokwenene yokhuphiswano.
Ezinye iindlela ezisemthethweni kunye nendlela yokunciphisa imingcipheko
Namhlanje, kukho iinketho ezisemthethweni nezifikelelekayo malunga naso nasiphi na isidingo: ushicilelo lwasimahla okanye oluthotyiweyo lwee-SME kunye noosomashishini, kunye nezisombululo ezinomthombo ovulekileyo ogubungela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Ngelifu, iindleko zokungena zinciphile (ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa kwendawo), kwaye kukho iinketho zemali eziququzelela ukwamkelwa. isoftwe yokwenyani nephicothiweyo.
Izibonelelo zokuthotyelwa komthetho: ukuhlaziywa rhoqo, iipetshi zokhuseleko, inkxaso eqhubekayo yobugcisa, kunye nokufikelela kumaxwebhu kunye neziqinisekiso. Konke oku kunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko kwaye komeleza ukhuseleko lwenkampani. khu seleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yombutho, enefuthe elithe ngqo kwi imveliso kunye nodumo.
Ukuba kukho nawaphi na amathandabuzo, yenza uphicotho lwesoftware yangaphakathi: usetyenziso lwe-inventri, uphonononge iilayisenisi kunye nee-invoyisi, kwaye uqinisekise imithombo kunye neenguqulelo. Soloko ucela ii-invoyisi kunye nobungqina bokuthenga (ilayisensi esemthethweni/ikhadi okanye i-imeyile evela kumvelisi). Inkqubo elungileyo yoLawulo loQinisekiso lweSoftware (SAM) ikuvumela ukuba ulindele uphicotho, ukutenxa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye kuphephe ukwenzeka rhoqo okubuhlungu.
Ngokumalunga noqeqesho, indlela ye-legaltech ifumana i-traction: iingcali ezinoqeqesho oluthile kwi-intersection yomthetho kunye neteknoloji ezinceda ukuchonga imingcipheko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, nokusombulula iingxabano. Kukho neenkqubo ezihambelana nolawulo lweprojekthi esemthethweni, indibaniselwano eluncedo kwabo bakhokelayo Iinkqubo zokuthotyelwa kwe-IT kwi nkampani.
Iindlela ezilungileyo phambi kokwamkela ilayisenisi
- Funda amacandelo abalulekileyo: ukuphatha idatha, i-telemetry, ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo, umda womsebenzisi / isihlalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo, ukupheliswa, kunye negunya. Ukuba kukho nantoni na engahambelani nemigaqo-nkqubo okanye imigaqo esebenzayo, cela ulungiso okanye ujonge enye indlela. Musa ukucinga nantoni na. qinisekisa kwaye uxwebhu.
- Khuphela kuphela kwimithombo esemthethweni. Ziphephe iindawo zokugcina ezingaqinisekiswanga kwaye ulumkele "ii-activators." Hlaziya iimvume ezicelwe ngumfakeli kwaye ungaqwalasela nawaphi na amacandelo ongawadingiyo. Iibhokisi ezikhethwe kwangaphambili zihlala zifihla iimpawu ezifihliweyo. iadware okanye ezinye izongezo.
- Gcina i-inventri ye-software ephilayo (i-SAM), yabela uxanduva, kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zokongeza kunye nokususa isofthiwe. Chaza imithetho ecacileyo ye-BYOD kunye nomsebenzi we-hybridi: yeyiphi i-editions enokusetyenziswa, phantsi kweziphi iimeko, kunye naluphi ulawulo. Ubuncinane bolawulo buthintela [okungacacanga - mhlawumbi "imiba" okanye "iingxaki"]. izoyikiso kunye nezohlwayo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo yezomthetho, dibana neengcali kwipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olunomthetho onokuthi uvavanye umngcipheko kwaye ukhangele iindlela zokuthobela. Musa ukulinda uphicotho lomenzi ukuze alungise indlu yakho; yenza ngoku. kunciphisa impembelelo.
- Yomeleza ukhuseleko: izisombululo ze-antimalwareUkwahlulwa kwenethiwekhi, ii-backups eziqinisekisiweyo, kunye nezicwangciso zokuphendula isiganeko. Nditsho nelona phepha-mvume libalaseleyo emhlabeni alikukhululi ekuphumezeni... ulawulo lobugcisa kunye nombutho ngokomngcipheko wakho.
Ukuba kukho nantoni na eye yacaca kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukuba ukwamkela iilayisensi ngaphandle kokuzifunda kunye nokusebenza nge-software engagunyaziswanga kubiza kakhulu: ubeka iinkqubo zakho kwi-malware, ulahlekelwa yinkxaso kunye nohlaziyo, ukuphazamisa idatha ebalulekileyo, ukuhlawula izohlwayo kunye nokuba netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye ubeka engozini igama lakho kunye neziqinisekiso. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho iindlela zomthetho ezifikelelekayo, izikhokelo zolawulo lwempahla, kunye noqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokwenza izinto ngokufanelekileyo; ngoqeqesho oluncinci kunye nesikhokelo, Itekhnoloji iphinda ibe ngumqhubi weshishini, hayi umthombo weengxaki..
Umbhali onomdla malunga nehlabathi le-bytes kunye netekhnoloji ngokubanzi. Ndiyakuthanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwam ngokubhala, kwaye yile nto ndiza kuyenza kule bhlog, ndikubonise zonke izinto ezinomdla malunga nezixhobo, isoftware, ihardware, iindlela zetekhnoloji, kunye nokunye. Injongo yam kukukunceda uhambe kwihlabathi ledijithali ngendlela elula neyonwabisayo.