Gabe Newell da fashin teku: sabis, ba farashi ba, da tasirin Steam

Shekaru, muhawara game da fashin teku wasanni bidiyo Yana zuwa yana tafiya, amma ƙananan muryoyin sun kasance a sarari kamar na Gabe Newell. Abokin haɗin gwiwar Valve yayi jayayya cewa ainihin matsalar ba shine farashin ba, amma sabis ɗin.Wannan ra'ayi ne da ya maimaita a cikin tambayoyi da tattaunawa da yawa, kuma wanda, wanda aka gani a cikin hangen zaman gaba, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar nasarar Steam idan aka kwatanta da sauran shaguna.

Matsayin Valve ya kasance, a zahiri, don yin iyo da halin yanzu a cikin masana'antar da ta daɗe tana zaɓin sanya shinge. Newell ya bayyana cewa idan mai amfani ya fahimci mafi kyawun sabis ta hanyar "yan fashin teku" (samuwa, sauri, dacewa), to matsalar ta ta'allaka ne ga waɗanda ke siyar da doka.Kuma lura: wannan ba game da gaskata wani abu ba ne, amma game da sanin dalilin da ya sa ya faru da kuma yadda za a magance shi yadda ya kamata.

Rubutun Newell: satar fasaha matsala ce ta sabis

A cikin kalamai da yawa, Newell ya bayyana karara cewa satar fasaha ba ta cikin manyan abubuwan da Valve ke da shi. "Lokacin da muka yi nazari kan manyan matsaloli goma na wannan lokacin, fashin teku kusan ba zai taba bayyana a cikin jerin ba."Ya bayyana, yana mai jaddada cewa akwai kuskuren asali a cikin masana'antar: ra'ayin cewa 'yan fashin teku "kawai suna son komai kyauta."

Tunaninsa kai tsaye ne kuma, a lokaci guda, mai ɓarna. Idan mutane da yawa sun mallaki PC mai tsada kuma suna biyan kuɗi na addini don haɗin Intanet mai sauri, ba wai ba sa son biyan kuɗi ne: suna son yin hakan ne, amma suna buƙatar saukakawa da samun damar shiga ba tare da wata matsala ba.Don haka, a cewar Newell, satar fasaha na bunƙasa lokacin da aikin hukuma ya gaza.

Tunanin, wanda aka taƙaita a cikin jumlar da ta yadu a duniya, ita ce "santar da hankali kusan ko da yaushe matsalar sabis ne, ba matsalar farashi ba." Newell ya kwatanta bambanci tare da ingantaccen misali: ɗan fashin teku na iya ba da wasa a kowace ƙasa, 24/7, yayin da mai siyar da hukuma ke toshe shi ta yanki, yana jinkirta shi na tsawon watanni, kuma yana iyakance shi ga shagunan zahiri.Idan haka ta faru, "sabis" na 'yan fashin teku, a idanun mabukaci, yana fitowa a sama. A bayyane kuma mai sauƙi.

Misali na Rasha: lokaci guda da yanki

Ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in da Newell ya fi yawan ambata shine Rasha, yanki na musamman don kanun labarai masu sauƙi. Shekaru da yawa an ɗauka cewa "komai yana fashi a Rasha," don haka bai cancanci saka hannun jari ba a cikin gida ko samuwa.Valve ya ɗauki wata hanya ta dabam: sun ƙaddamar a lokaci guda, an ware su cikin Rashanci, kuma sun share hanyar shiga.

Me ya faru to? Abin da ya faɗa yana kama da mari na gaskiya. A aikace, ƙungiyoyin 'yan fashin teku suna ba da "sabis" mafi kyau fiye da masana'antar kanta: sun fassara da sauri kuma suna rarrabawa nan take.Lokacin da Valve ya dace da waɗannan sharuɗɗan - sakin lokaci guda tare da Ostiraliya, Burtaniya ko Amurka da Rasha - matsalar fashin teku a Rasha ta ɓace.

Canjin ya yi karfi sosai har Newell da kansa ya bayyana cewa kasuwar Rasha ta zarce Jamus kuma ta zama babbar kasuwarsa a nahiyar. Wadanda suka ce "komai na fashin teku ne a Rasha" sun kasance, abin takaici, irin wadanda suka dauki watanni shida suna kawo kayansu zuwa kasuwar Rasha.Sakon a bayyane yake: kwanan wata da wuri suna da mahimmanci, mai yawa.

DRM da tsarin hana kwafi: lokacin da magani ya tsananta cutar

Wannan tsoron “daure” ko rasa damar yin amfani da abun cikin saboda wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare kamar tsarawa ko canza injin shine, a cikin kalmominsa, ainihin akasin abin da abokin ciniki ke so. Da kyau, ya kamata ku san cewa za ku iya wasa akan kowace na'ura, a kowane lokaci, lafiya kuma ba tare da tsoro baLokacin da DRM ta gabatar da rashin tabbas, yana tura wasu masu amfani don neman nau'ikan ba tare da waɗancan hane-hane ba.

Newell ya yi nisa har ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai "shaidu masu ban sha'awa" da ke nuna cewa wasu tsarin hana kwafi, nesa da rage ƴan fashin teku, a zahiri suna ƙaruwa. girkin ku: ƙarfafa sashin sabismaimakon a danne shi da takuraIdan mai amfani yana jin cewa komai yana da sauƙi, daidaitacce da samun dama, jarabawar neman hanyoyin "marasa hukuma" ta rushe.

Menene tayin Steam idan aka kwatanta da kwafin da aka yi fashi?

Hangen Valve yana kunshe ne a cikin Steam, wanda ba kantin sayar da kayayyaki ba ne, amma yanayin muhalli. Bayan siyan, dandamali yana ƙara ajiyar girgije (SteamCloud), nasarori, taron tattaunawa, jagorori, bita, bayanan martaba da abokai, da hadedde hotunan kariyar kwamfutaWaɗannan fa'idodi ne na zahiri waɗanda, haɗe tare da haɗaɗɗiyar ɗakin karatu da goyan baya, ƙirƙirar ra'ayi wanda ke da wahalar daidaitawa a fagen "marai hukuma".

Wannan ƙarin ƙimar ana iya gani musamman a sabis na tallace-tallace da ci gaba. Wasan da aka saya akan Steam yana kawo tare da al'umma, sabuntawa, tattaunawar fasaha, da shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.Wannan shine nau'in sabis ɗin da ke kawar da ƙarfafawa ga masu fashin teku, saboda abin da kuke siyan ba kawai fayil ɗin da za a iya aiwatarwa ba ne, amma cikakkiyar masaniya game da wasan.

A cikin layi daya, kasuwa ya ga wasu dabaru. Wasu shagunan sun saka hannun jari sosai don siyan yarjejeniyoyin keɓancewa na ɗan lokaci, amma tare da gazawa a cikin fasalulluka, sabis na girgije, ko nasarori.A cikin al'ummomi kamar PC Master Race, ana bayyana ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfi sosai: wasu masu amfani suna da'awar cewa idan sabis ɗin hukuma ya fi muni kuma baya haifar da kwarin gwiwa dangane da sirri ko tsaro, ba za su ma la'akari da shigar da wannan kantin ba.

Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, musamman abin lura, ya faɗi a hankali: ba zai taɓa shigar da wani mai ƙaddamarwa akan PC ɗin sa ba, kuma, a zahiri, zai sayi wasan ba tare da jinkiri ba idan ya fito akan Steam ko ma GOG, wataƙila ma Asalin, amma ba akan dandamali ba suna la'akari da "mafi munin" don Windows. Har ma ya yi nuni da cewa, ya fuskanci keɓancewar saki kamar The Outer Worlds, abin da ya yi shi ne ya zaɓi kada ya saya a can ya jira wata hanya.Kuma ga wadanda suka zarge shi da "ba zai iya biyan kuɗin wasanni ba," ya amsa cewa ba batun kuɗi ba ne, amma sabis, tare da shi tare da hoton tarihin sayayya.

Wadannan ra'ayoyin ba cikakke ba ne, amma suna da mahimmanci saboda suna nuna fahimtar jama'a. Ginin Newell ya dace: idan sabis na shari'a ya rasa inganci ko amana idan aka kwatanta da zaɓin haram, za a yi jirgi.Kuma a'a, wannan ba goyon bayan satar fasaha ba ne; ganewar asali ce don yin takara da kyau.

Farashin da bayanai: elasticity wanda ya mamakin Valve

Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin Steam shine cewa yana ba ku damar lura da halayen kasuwa a ainihin lokacin. Valve ya bayyana cewa, a cikin gwaje-gwajensa, farashin yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma canza shi yana shafar buƙatu ta hanyoyin da ba koyaushe suke da hankali ba.A zahiri, a cikin maɓalli na gwaji sun rage Counter-Strike da kashi 75% kuma abin da ya biyo baya ya sa su zama marasa magana.

Sabanin abin da ake tsammani, wannan faɗuwar farashin ba wai kawai ya lalata sakamako ba: ya haɓaka babban kasuwancin. Matsakaicin raguwar farashin ya ninka tallace-tallace kuma, saboda ƙarar da aka samu, ƙara yawan kudaden shiga.Tun daga nan, Valve ya ci gaba da yin gwaji tare da manufofin farashi, ƙayyadaddun tayi, da rarrabuwa, dogaro da sigina masu rai.

Ba ya tsayawa a rangwame. Samfurin wasa na kyauta ya nuna cewa shiga zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da abubuwan al'amuran zamantakewa na lokacin, kamar FarmVille.Tare da faffadar tushen mai amfani, damar yin kuɗi ta hanyar abubuwa masu kama-da-wane ko wucewa suna girma, suna sake jin ra'ayin "sabis na ci gaba" tare da ma'amaloli guda ɗaya.

Sabis na farko: abin da mai kunnawa ke tsammani lokacin siye

Lokacin da Newell yayi magana game da "sabis", baya yin haka a cikin maƙasudin. Yana nufin samuwa nan take, daidai wurin, Laburaren dama daga kowane PC Babu rauni, kuma babu tabbas lokacin da lokaci yayi don sake sakawa ko canza kayan aikiWannan kwanciyar hankali na aiki - samun damar yin wasa a gidan aboki, a cikin cafe intanit na balaguro, ko bayan haɓaka kayan aiki - yana da matukar amfani.

Ƙimar da aka gane kuma ta haɗa da jin kasancewa cikin yanayin da wasan ya samo asali, an daidaita shi, kuma ana tattaunawa. Zauren tattaunawa, bita, jagorori, da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta suna haifar da haɗin gwiwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke ƙara ƙimar gaske ga siyan.Shi ya sa tsarin hana kwafi da ke karya waɗannan abubuwan ba sau da yawa ba su da farin jini: suna azabtar da abokin ciniki mai aminci fiye da wanda ya keta.

Abin da lamarin keɓancewa ya gaya mana

Ana ganin karo tsakanin "sabis don mai amfani" da "sabis na mai wallafa" a cikin yarjejeniyoyin keɓancewa na ɗan lokaci na wasu masu ƙaddamarwa. Ka'idar cewa wasu masu ba da shawara ita ce yin gasa akan kasida mai garanti, ba akan fasali ba.Amma gogewa ta nuna cewa idan an rasa abubuwa na asali kuma abubuwan tsaro ko keɓancewa sun taso, wasu masu sauraro za su ja baya.

A cikin labarin da ke yawo a dandalin tattaunawa, wasu suna da'awar cewa idan wani take mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana a kan dandali mai ƙarancin fasali, sun zaɓi kada su saya a can. Misalin da aka ambata daga The Outer Worlds yana maimaituwa: mutanen da za su biya shi a lokacin ƙaddamarwa akan Steam, GOG, ko ma Asalin, sun yanke shawarar ba saboda keɓaɓɓen tashar.Saƙon da suke isarwa, ko a cikin sauti mai kyau ko mara kyau, ya yi daidai da jigon Newell: sabis ya fi ƙima a cikin yanke shawara.

Sauran dandamali da tsarin yanayin PC

Tattaunawar ba ta ƙare akan Steam. GOG ta sanya kanta tare da kyauta na kyauta na DRM, yayin da Desura ya yi fice a lokacin a matsayin dandalin sada zumunta kuma tare da kasancewar a cikin LinuxKowane kantin sayar da yana gyara nasa "ƙarin ƙimar," kuma wannan shine ainihin gasar da Newell ya ce yana murna.

Valve, a nata bangare, shi ma ya tura wasan bayan Windows. Zuwan Steam zuwa Mac Kuma shawarar da suka yanke na kawo Portal zuwa PS3 alama ce ta canji a tunani: ƙarancin rikici tsakanin dandamali da ƙarin wasan caca inda mai amfani yake so.Wannan falsafar ta dace da abin da mai kunnawa ke buƙata yayin magana game da sabis: 'yancin zaɓi.

Daga bangaren ci gaba, ba kowa ke ganin abu daya ba, ba shakka. Wasu karatun suna yaba ƙididdigar Steam na ainihin-lokaci da sikelin, yayin da wasu ke tambayar kuɗaɗen sa ko ganuwa.Kamar yadda bincike na kusa da kamfanin ya yarda, akwai buƙatar ƙara sauraron waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da daidaita abubuwan sha'awa ba tare da rasa hangen nesa na ƙarshen mai amfani ba.

Ƙa'idodin aiki waɗanda aka samo daga hangen nesa na Gabe Newell

• Kasancewa da daidaituwaBugawa a duk yankuna lokaci guda kuma tare da sanya ido a hankali yana rage sha'awar neman madadin "na hukuma".
• Sabis sama da DRMKawar da jayayya da tabbatar da tsayayyen damar samun sabbin kayan aiki ko wurare yana gina amana da aminci.
• Ayyukan da ke ƙarawaGajimare, nasarori, al'umma, tallafi, da sabuntawa suna canza sayan zuwa gogewa mai dorewa, ba keɓantaccen aiki ba.
• Farashin a matsayin abin amfani, ba kamar akida baRangwamen dabarun da samfuran kyauta-to-wasa na iya faɗaɗa tushen mai amfani da haɓaka sakamako idan sun dogara ne akan ainihin bayanai.

Idan aka yi la'akari da tarihin Valve, yana da wuya a musanta cewa tsarinsu ya kasance daidai: kai hari ga tushen matsalar ta hanyar samar da ingantacciyar sabis fiye da madadin haram. Lokacin da 'yan wasa suka ji cewa zaɓi na doka ya fi dacewa, sauri, mai-arziƙi, kuma abin dogaro, abin ƙarfafawa don hack yana ɓacewa.Wannan shine darasin da aka koya a Rasha, dalilin da yasa DRM mai hanawa ke da tsada, da kuma dalilin da ya sa gwaje-gwaje kamar rage farashin 75% na Counter-Strike yayi aiki sosai. A ainihinsa, ra'ayi mai sauƙi amma mai ƙarfi: kula da abokin ciniki ba wai kawai taken ba ne; dabarun nasara ne.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Tukwici da saituna don Windows waɗanda ke haifar da bambanci

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.