IiLasers zokudubula iidrones: ziyitshintsha njani imfazwe yanamhlanje

Ukuthontelana okukhulu kweedrones kwiimfazwe zale mihla kuzise utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela eziliwa ngayo iimfazwe. IUkraine, iGaza noLwandle Olubomvu namhlanje zizilebhu zemfazwe. apho umntu ubona yonke imihla ukuba izixhobo ezincinci ezingenamntu, ezininzi zazo zingabizi kwaye ziphantse zenziwe ekhaya, zibeka iinkqubo zokukhusela ezixabisa izigidi kwiintambo.

Ejongene nale meko, imikhosi yehlabathi jikelele iye yaqalisa ugqatso lwetekhnoloji lokufumana izixhobo ezikwazi ukudubula phantsi iidrones ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchanekileyo, nangexabiso eliphantsiKulapho iinkqubo zamandla ezithe ngqo, ngakumbi iilaser ezinamandla amakhulu, ziqala ukudlala, zithembisa ukuguqula into ebonakala ngathi yintsomi yenzululwazi ibe sisixhobo sokwenyani sokutshintsha umdlalo kwibala ledabi.

Kutheni i-laser ibe yinto entsha yokulwa ne-drone

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwabonakala ukuba I-Kamikaze kunye needrones zokuqaphela ziyingozi rhoqoZibhabhela phantsi, ziqhube ngokukhawuleza, ziyakwazi ukusebenza njengembumbulu, kwaye, eyona nto ixhalabisayo, ixabisa iqhezu lexabiso lomjukujelwa wale mihla wokulwa nenqwelomoya.

Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi ayaqhubeka esebenzisa iinkqubo zemveli zokukhusela, njengemijukujelwa ekhokelwayo okanye i-anti-aircraft artillery. Ingxaki kukuba ukuphehlelela umjukujelwa oxabisa amakhulu amawaka okanye izigidi zeedola ngokuchasene nedrone enexabiso eliphantsi akulula ukuzinza.Ngokomzekelo, uMkhosi Waselwandle waseUnited States, uchithe phantse iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwimijukujelwa ukuze uthintele izoyikiso kwimimandla efana noLwandle Olubomvu, ngexabiso eliqikelelwayo le-2,1 yezigidi zeerandi ngokuphehlelela, into engekho ngqiqweni xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezidla ngaphantsi kwemoto maxa wambi.

Iilaser zamandla aphezulu zibonakaliswa njengenye indlela enengqiqo: Ukudubula ngakunye kubiza nje iieuro ezimbalwa okanye iisentiAbazisebenzisi iimbumbulu zomzimba kwaye banokuhlasela iithagethi ezininzi kwimizuzwana nje. Ngaphaya koko, banikezela ngenzuzo ecacileyo yeqhinga: abavelisi uqhushumbo okanye amaqhekeza, ukunciphisa umonakalo owenziweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kotyando.

Kuba imisebe yokukhanya, imiqadi yelaser ihamba ngendlela ethe tye ngesantya sokukhanya, okuthetha ukuba, yakuba ikhutshiwe, akukho ndlela yokubathintela okanye ukubaphambukisa xa bebhabhaUkuba inkqubo yokujolisa iyakwazi ukulandelela ithagethi, i-laser inokugxininisa amandla kwindawo encinci kwaye "iqhotse" izinzwa zayo, iimotor, okanye iinkqubo zombane ngaphandle kokuyitshabalalisa ngokumangalisayo.

Oku kudityaniswa kweendleko eziphantsi ngokudubula, ukuchaneka kokuchaneka, kunye nesiseko esincinci sonyawo Oku kuguqule izixhobo ze-laser zibe yeyona nto iphambili kujoliso kutyalo-mali kumagunya omkhosi, angxamele ukuwakhupha elabhoratri ukuya elwandle, emhlabeni kwaye nakwixesha elizayo, emoyeni.

I-DragonFire: I-laser yaseBritane eqhayisa ngokuchaneka kunye nexabiso eliphantsi

Enye yeeprojekthi zamabhongo kakhulu kule ndawo I-DragonFire, inkqubo yelaser enamandla kakhulu ephuhliswe eUnited KingdomLe yinkqubo eqaliswe kwi-2017 kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuqala malunga ne-38 yezigidi zeedola, ezibandakanya iSayensi yezoKhuselo kunye neTekhnoloji yeLebhu (DSTL), inkampani ye-missile MBDA, uLeonardo wase-UK kunye ne-teknoloji yokukhusela i-QinetiQ.

Umphathiswa wezoKhuselo waseBhritane wenze uvavanyo kwiindawo zomkhosi eSkotlani, kubandakanywa noluhlu lokudubula lweZiqithi ze-Hebrides, kunye neziphumo ezintle kakhulu. I-DragonFire ikwazile ukulandelela kunye nokudubula iidrones ezinesantya esiphezulu efikelele kwizantya eziya kuthi xhaxhe kwi-650 km/h, malunga nokuphinda kabini isantya esiphezulu semoto yeFormula 1, kwaye yenze njalo nangaphaya komda wenkqubo, into ebaluleke kakhulu kwimiba yolwandle.

Ngokwabasebenzi basemkhosini abathathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso, Ukuchaneka komqa welaser ngokoqobo umbane ngokukhawuleza.Kuye kwathiwa inkqubo inokubetha ingqekembe yeponti enye ukusuka kumgama wekhilomitha, indlela ecacileyo yokuchaza ukuba angakanani amandla anokuthi agxininise kwindawo encinci ngaphezu kolwakhiwo lwedrone okanye olunye uhlobo losoyikiso lwasemoyeni.

I-DragonFire idibanisa i-laser beam enamandla kunye nenkqubo yokulandelela umlilo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula. Umsebenzi wabo awusoloko uvuthela i-drone kwiibits.kodwa endaweni yoko ukonakalisa amacandelo ayo abalulekileyo: abenzi boluvo bokubona, ii-elektroniki zokuhamba ngenqanawa, amakhonkco onxibelelwano, okanye iindawo eziphambili. Ngokuvala la malungu, inqwelo-moya iyaphulukana nolawulo ize ekugqibeleni ingqubeke ngaphandle kokudubula okukhulu.

Le nkqubo, ephuhliswe ngu MBDA kunye namaqabane ayo, ekuqaleni yenzelwe i I-Royal Navy, apho iya kufakwa kwi-Type 45 etshabalalisayo ukuqala ngo-2027iminyaka emihlanu phambi kwesicwangciso sokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, iSebe lezoKhuselo laseBritane alikuchasi ukuba itekhnoloji efanayo inokulungiswa kamva kwiimoto ezixhobileyo okanye amanye amaqonga omhlaba.

Ikhontrakthi esayinwe ne-MBDA UK ixabisa malunga ne-316 yezigidi zeeponti. (malunga ne-358-360 yezigidi zee-euro), ebonisa ukuzibophelela kwexesha elide ekufakeni izixhobo ezithe ngqo kumandla okhuselo lwelizwe kunye nokubeka i-United Kingdom kwindawo ephambili yetekhnoloji ngaphakathi kwe-NATO.

Isitshixo kwi-DragonFire: ukuthatha phantsi iidrones ngaphantsi kweendleko zesidlo

Ngaphaya kombono wekamva, apho iDragonFire yenza umahluko ngokwenene kuqoqosho lokulwa. Ukudubula kwelaser nganye kuxabisa malunga neekhilogram ezili-10., ngaphezulu kwe-euro ezili-11, kwaye iSebe lezoKhuselo laseBritane lihamba lide liqikelele ukusetyenziswa kwelaser ngaphantsi kwe-12 ye-euro ngokudubula kwezinye iimeko.

Ukukunika umbono: Ukuvula iDragonFire imizuzwana elishumi kubiza into efanayo nokuba nesixhobo sokufudumeza ikhaya lakho kangangeyure.Xa kuthelekiswa namakhulu amawaka (okanye izigidi) zee-euro kubiza ukusungula umjukujelwa okhokelwayo, ukonga kuninzi kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba utshaba lusebenzisa iidrones ezitshiphu kumanani amashishini.

Imfazwe e-Ukraine kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-drone kwiindawo ezifana noLwandle oluBomvu kubonise ukuba iinkqubo zokukhusela zendabuko zinokuphela zibe ngumgodi wemali ongenasiphelo. Ukuba i-missile yezigidi ezininzi zeedola isetyenziselwa ukudubula i-drone eyenziwe ngamaplanga, i-polystyrene, kunye ne-electronics off-the-shelf, umhlaseli sele ephumelele imfazwe yezoqoqosho.nokuba ndilahlekelwe isixhobo.

NgeDragonFire, ingqiqo ibuyiselwe umva: Iindleko zokudilizwa ngakunye ziyehla Oku kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina iipatroli ezizikhuselayo ngaphandle kokoyika ukucutha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezixhobo. Oku kuvula umnyango wokuyithumela njengokhuselo lwangaphambili ngokuchasene ne-kamikaze drones kunye nezinye iithagethi ezincinci, ukugcina imijukujelwa ebiza kakhulu izoyikiso ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-beam yokukhanya kuphelisa ingxaki yeengqungquthela ze-shrapnel kunye neeprojectiles eziphosayo ekujoliswe kuzo. Ukuba i-laser iyasilela, iqhubeka ihamba de umoya ufunxe kwaye usasaze amandla.ngaphandle kokudala ugqabhuko-dubulo emhlabeni okanye elwandle. Olu phawu luyifanelekele imizekelo eneziseko ezikufutshane okanye iindlela zorhwebo ezixakekileyo.

 

Izibonelelo zomkhosi zezixhobo ze-laser ngaphezu kwemijukujelwa eqhelekileyo

IiLasers ezifana neDragonFire okanye iApollo ziqwalaselwa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ngokugqwesileyoBanokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwisongelo, kodwa ngokwendalo yabo ayifanelekanga ukuqhushumbisa izixeko okanye ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kude nethafa ledabi.

Phakathi kweenzuzo zayo ezicacileyo kukukhawuleza kwempendulo. Ilaser akufuneki ukuba ikhawulezise okanye ilandele indlela egoso.Ichaphazela phantse ngoko nangoko kwithagethi. Kwiimeko apho i-drone isondela ngesantya esiphezulu, loo mizuzwana embalwa ingathetha umahluko phakathi kokuyinqanda okanye ukuyibukela ifikelele ekujoliswe kuyo.

I-cross-section of the beam idla ngokuba yi-minuscule, ngokomyalelo we-square millimeters. Oko kuvumela ukuba iziphathe phantse njenge-scalpel ezandleni zogqirha.Inxalenye yedrone ikhethiwe (umzekelo, i-sensor optical, iphiko, okanye i-eriyali yonxibelelwano) kwaye amandla agxininiswe apho de adilize. Konke oku kwenzeka ngokucocekileyo, ngaphandle kokudubula okukhulu okanye imvula yamaqhekeza ahlala ehamba nokutshatyalaliswa kwemijukujelwa.

Omnye umba obalulekileyo kukuba iilaser zinzima kakhulu ukuzichasa. Amanyathelo emveli okuchasa, anjengokukhupha amaqhinga okanye ukuzama ukuqhatha isixokelelwano sesikhokelo somjukujelwa, alinamsebenzi. xa "iprojectile" ingumqa wokukhanya okucocekileyo. Ekuphela kwendlela yokwenyani kukuzifihla (umzekelo, emva komsi oshinyeneyo okanye kwiimeko ezimbi zemozulu) okanye uzame ukoyisa inkqubo ngenani elikhulu lezinto ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ngokwembali, iilaser zazisele zisetyenziswa kwithafa ledabi kwimisebenzi efana nokuchongwa, ukufumana uluhlu, okanye ukujonga. Yintoni entsha ngoku kukuba ukusebenza kwayo njengesixhobo esithe ngqo kuyaboniswa.ekwazi ukonakalisa okanye ukutshabalalisa iinkqubo zotshaba ngaphandle kwesidingo seprojectile ebonakalayo. Kukutsiba ukusuka ekubeni "ngamehlo enkqubo" ukuya ekubeni "yinqindi" layo.

Unyino lobugcisa: isithende se-Achilles se-laser cannon

Ngaphandle kwayo yonke intshisakalo, ii-laser zamandla aphezulu zikude nokugqibelela. Ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko ze-atmosphericInkungu, imvula, ukufuma okuphezulu, okanye ukuvuthuza komoya kunokufunxa, kuwusasaze, okanye kuwujike umqadi, kunciphise uluhlu lwawo olusebenzayo kunye nomthamo wamandla ofikelela kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ngaphezu koko, xa usebenza ngamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu, i-beam ngokwayo inokusebenzisana nomoya, ukuyifudumeza kunye nokuvelisa iziganeko ezichaphazela ukusabalalisa kwayo. Ukufumana ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kwamandla, ubude bewavevele, ukumila komqadi, kunye nobude bokudubula Kokubini kungumceli mngeni wenzululwazi kunye nobunjineli.

Enye ingxaki enkulu ivela xa inkqubo ifakwe kumaqonga ahambahambayo, njengenqanawa kulwandle olulwayo okanye isithuthi esihamba kumhlaba ongalinganiyo. Ijonge ngokuthe gqolo kwidrone encinci, ekhawulezayo ukusuka kwindawo ehambayo Kuyafana nokuzama ukubetha ithagethi ngelixa umi kwibhodi yokulinganisa: nayiphi na ingqukuva encinci ikhokelela ekuphambukeni komqadi.

Ukunciphisa oku, abaphuhlisi babandakanya iinkqubo zokuzinzisa eziphambili, iigyroscopes, kunye nesoftware yolawulo ehlawulela iintshukumo zeqonga. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina "ichaphaza le-laser" likhombe kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ngexesha ixesha ngokwaneleyo ukuyonakalisa Ihleli ingomnye weyona mingeni mikhulu, ngakumbi kwimigama emide.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokucokisekileyo. Ukusebenzisa isixhobo se-laser asingombandela nje wokutsala isixhobo sokudubula.Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda indlela imozulu echaphazela ngayo inkqubo, indlela yokubeka phambili iithagethi, indlela yokulungelelanisa nezinye iinkqubo zokukhusela, kunye nendlela yokulawula amandla akhoyo ukuze ungashiyi inkqubo "eyomileyo" ngexesha elibi kakhulu.

I-Apollo: inkanunu ye-laser yase-Australia eyenzelwe iqela le-drones

Ngelixa i-UK ikhawuleza nge-DragonFire, i-Australia yenze umbulelo onamandla wokungena I-Apollo, isixhobo selaser samandla aphezulu esaphuhliswa yi-Electro Optic Systems (EOS)Le yinkqubo eyilwe kwasekuqaleni ngesongelo esikhethekileyo engqondweni: iidrones ezinexabiso eliphantsi ezihlasela ngamaza.

I-Apollo inokufikelela kwimveliso yamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 kilowatts kwaye, ngokwenkampani ngokwayo, Iyakwazi ukuthothisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiidrones ezingama-20 ngomzuzuEyona nto imangalisayo ziindleko zokusebenza: kuqikelelwa ukuba ukudubula ngakunye kubiza ngaphantsi kweesenti ezili-10, inani eliphantse libe ngumfuziselo xa lithelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli.

Ngokumalunga nobubanzi, inkqubo inakho tshabalalisa i-drones kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezi-3 kwaye ungaboni okanye ukhubaze izinzwa ze-optical kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezili-15.Ngaphaya koko, ukhuselo lwayo lwe-360-degree kunye nokukwazi ukufumana iithagethi malunga ne-700 millisecond kuyenza ibe ngumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu ngokuchasene nohlaselo lwequbuliso.

Enye yamandla ayo kukumodareyitha kwayo. I-Apollo inokufakwa kwisitya esiqhelekileyo seemitha ezi-6 okanye kwizithuthiOku kuququzelela ukusasazwa okuguquguqukayo kunye nokudibanisa kwiinkqubo zokhuselo lomoya. Ke, inokubekwa kufutshane neziseko ezingundoqo, iziseko, iinqwelo zeemoto, okanye iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo ngaphandle kokufuna umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha.

I-NATO sele iqhubekile kwaye yagqiba ukuthengwa kwenkqubo, nge ukuhanjiswa kokuqala kulindeleke ngo-2028Iphakheji epheleleyo-ebandakanya ukugcinwa, uqeqesho, kunye namacandelo ahambelanayo-ixabisa malunga ne-83 yezigidi zeedola. Iingxwabangxwaba ezifana nezo zase-Ukraine naseGaza zisebenze njenge-catalyst, zityhala abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba bafune izisombululo ezilungele ukuthunyelwa kwangoko, ngaphandle kokubotshelelwa kwizigaba zovavanyo ezingapheliyo.

Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-Apollo kunye nendima yayo ekukhuseleni umoya

NjengakwiDragonFire, uApollo ayisiyonto yomlingo ethatha indawo ngokupheleleyo yezinye iinkqubo zokuzikhusela. Ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yimozulu.Imvula, inkungu, okanye uthuli oluxhonyiweyo lunciphisa kakhulu uluhlu lwalo kunye nomthamo woxinzelelo lwamandla.

Uluhlu olusebenzayo oluphakathi kwe-1,6 kunye ne-4,8 yeekhilomitha phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo luyenza igqibelele ngokuchasene ne-drones kunye nezinye iithagethi ezisondeleyo, kodwa Ayisosixhobo esifanelekileyo sokujongana nemijukujelwa yebhola okanye inqwelomoya eqhelekileyo. ezisebenza kumgama omkhudlwana okanye ukuphakama.

Ngoko ke, iingcali ziyavuma ukuba Iinkanunu zeLaser azizukuthatha indawo yemijukujelwa okanye izixhobo zokulwa nenqwelomoya ngexesha elifutshane.Kunoko, baya kuhlanganiswa njengento ebalulekileyo yokujongana neendleko eziphantsi, izisongelo eziphezulu, ukukhulula iinkqubo ezibiza kakhulu kwiinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo ngokwenene.

Nangona kukho le mida, utyalo-mali luhlala luqinile. I-Pentagon, umzekelo, iyaba ngeenxa zonke I-1.000 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka kuphando lwezixhobo ezisebenza ngamandlaNgoxa i-Israel iceba ukubandakanya inkqubo yayo ye-laser, i-Iron Beam, eqala ngo-2025. Yonke into ibonisa ukuba i-lasers iya kuba yinto ephambili ye-puzzle yokukhusela ihlabathi.

ISpain kunye "neebhulethi zokukhanya": iprojekthi ye-CLPU

ISpain nayo itsibela kwibhendi yokhuselo yelaser. Ngoku malunga neminyaka emihlanu, i I-Pulsed Laser Centre (CLPU) yeYunivesithi yaseSalamanca Usebenza ekuphuhliseni i-pulsed laser prototype ejolise ekunciphiseni iidrones kunye nezinye izoyikiso zasemoyeni.

Ngokutsho kukaRoberto Lera, ingcali yenzululwazi kwi-CLPU, Injongo kukubonisa ukuba olu hlobo lwetekhnoloji luyasebenza kwizicelo zokukhusela.Ngamanye amazwi, injongo kukudala uhlobo "lwembumbulu yokukhanya" ekwazi ukonakalisa idrone ngokusebenzisa i-laser pulses ebukhali kakhulu kunye nemfutshane.

Umdla kule projekthi uye wanda ngenxa yemfazwe yaseUkraine kunye nokwanda kohlaselo lwedrone kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ishishini lezixhobo lizibekele ujongo kolu phando, besazi ukuba banokubeka iSpain kwindawo enenzuzo kakhulu kwicandelo lezixhobo zamandla eziqondisiweyo.

Ayizizo zonke iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezenziwe esidlangalaleni okwangoku, kodwa indlela ye-laser ye-pulsed ivula umnyango kwiindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa iithagethi, ezahlukileyo kwi-laser eqhubekayo esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-DragonFire okanye i-Apollo. Ukuba i-CLPU ikwazile ukwenza umbonisi othembekileyoISpain inokudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kuphuhliso lokhuselo lwelaser yaseYurophu.

Wonke lo msebenzi ubeka ilizwe kwindlela ecacileyo: bangathinteli ekuthengeni izisombululo zangaphandle, kodwa bathathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kobuchwephesha babo. ezinokudityaniswa kwiinkqubo zokhuselo zelizwe okanye zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngazo zonke ezi projekthi phezu kwetafile, imvakalelo jikelele kukuba I-Lasers yokudubula i-drones ayiseyiyo intsomi yesayensi ukuba sisixhobo esinzima kakhulu, esisiya sisondela ngakumbi kunikezelo olukhulu lokusebenza. Ngoku umceli mngeni usekucokiseni ubuthathaka bayo, ukuyidibanisa kakuhle nezinye iinkqubo zokhuselo, nokuqeqesha imikhosi exhobileyo ukuba isebenzise kangangoko.