Laser kupfura pasi drones: maitiro avari kushandura hondo yemazuva ano

Kudirana kukuru kwezvidhori mumakakatanwa emazuva ano kwakaunza shanduko huru munzira dzinorwirwa hondo. Ukraine, Gaza, uye Gungwa Dzvuku nhasi irabhoritari yehondo. umo munhu anoona zuva nezuva kuti zvigadziri zvidiki zvisina munhu, mazhinji acho akachipa uye anenge akagadzirwa kumba, anoisa masisitimu ekudzivirira anodhura mamirioni kurwisa tambo.

Vatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mauto pasi rose akatanga nhangemutange yeruzivo rwekutsvaga zvombo zvinokwanisa kupfura drones nekukurumidza, nemazvo, uye zvakachipaUye ndipo panopinda masisitimu emagetsi anotungamirwa, kunyanya ma lasers ane simba guru, achivimbisa kushandura zvaiita sengano yesainzi kuti ive chishandiso chaicho chekuchinja mutambo panhandare yehondo.

Nei lasers yave iyo itsva anti-drone obsession

Mumakore achangopfuura zvakava pachena kuti Kamikaze uye drones yekuongorora inogara ichityisidziraDzinobhururuka dzakaderera, dzinofambisa nekukurumidza, dzinogona kushanda mumapoka, uye, zvinonyanya kunetsa, dzinodhura chikamu chiduku chezvinokosheswa zvemazuva ano zvekurwisa ndege.

Zvichakadaro, nyika zhinji dzinoramba dzichishandisa masisitimu echinyakare ekudzivirira, senge makomba anotungamirwa kana anti-ndege artillery. Dambudziko nderekuti kukanda chombo chakakosha mazana ezviuru kana mamirioni emadhora kurwisa drone yakachipa haigoneke.Hondo yeUnited States Navy, semuenzaniso, yakashandisa mari inoda kusvika bhiriyoni imwe yezvombo zvekupotsera kutyisidzira munzvimbo dzakaita seGungwa Dzvuku, nemutengo unosvika madhora miriyoni 2,1 pakuvhurwa, upenzi chaihwo zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo iyo dzimwe nguva inodhura zvishoma pane mota.

High-energy lasers inounzwa seimwe inonzwisisika imwe nzira: Kupfura kwega kwega kunongoita maeuro mashoma kana masendi cheteIvo havashandise pfuti dzemuviri uye vanogona kurwisa akawanda zvibodzwa mumasekondi mashoma. Uyezve, ivo vanopa yakanyatsojeka zano mukana: havaburitse kuputika kana zvimedu, kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwechibvumirano uye kushanda nepedyo-kuvhiya chaiko.

Sezvo ari mirazvo yechiedza, mwenje yelaser inofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka nekumhanya kwechiedza, zvinoreva kuti, kana yangoburitswa, hapana nzira yokuvadzivisa kana kuvatsausa pakutizaKana iyo yekuvavarira ichikwanisa kuteedzera chinangwa, iyo laser inogona kutarisisa simba pane diki poindi uye "fry" masensor ayo, mota, kana zvemagetsi masisitimu pasina kuda kuiparadza zvinoshamisa.

Uku kusanganiswa kwemutengo wakaderera pane imwe pfuti, kunongedza chokwadi, uye kushoma chibvumirano chetsoka Izvi zvashandura zvombo zvelaser kuita chinhu chikuru chekudyara kwemasimba emauto, ari kumhanya-mhanya kuvabudisa murabhoritari achipinda mugungwa, panyika uye kunyange, mune ramangwana, mumhepo.

DragonFire: iyo yeBritish laser inozvirumbidza chaiyo uye yakaderera mutengo

Imwe yemapurojekiti anoshuvira mune iyi ndima ndeye DragonFire, iyo yakakwira-simba laser system yakagadziridzwa muUnited KingdomIchi chirongwa chakatangwa muna 2017 nebhajeti rekutanga remamiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere emadhora, rinosanganisira Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), kambani yemakombi MBDA, Leonardo UK pamwe nekambani yekudzivirira tekinoroji QinetiQ.

Bazi reBritain reDziviriro rakaita bvunzo kunzvimbo dzemauto muScotland, kusanganisira Hebrides Islands kupfura, paine zvimwe zvinokatyamadza. DragonFire yakakwanisa kuronda nekupfura pasi high-speed drones iyo yakasvika pakumhanya kunosvika 650 km/h, ingangoita yakapetwa kaviri kumhanya kwemota yeFormula 1, uye yaita izvi kunyangwe nepamusoro pehurongwa hwehurongwa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha muzviitiko zvemugungwa.

Sekutaura kwevarwi vemauto vakapinda mukuratidzira, Iyo chaiyo yelaser beam inokurumidza mheni.Izvo zvakatotaurwa kuti iyo system inogona kurova imwe-pondo yemari kubva pakiromita kure, nzira yakanyatsojeka yekutsanangura kuti rakawanda sei simba raanogona kutarisa pane chidiki pamusoro pechimiro che drone kana imwe mhando yekutyisidzira kwemuchadenga.

DragonFire inosanganisa ine simba laser danda ine yepamusoro moto yekutevera uye kutonga system. Basa ravo harisi rekugara richifuridzira drone kumabits.asi pane kukuvadza zvikamu zvaro zvakakosha: ma sensors optical, navigation electronics, communication links, kana key surfaces. Nekudzima zvikamu izvi, ndege inotadza kudzora uye pakupedzisira inobondera pasina kukonzera kuputika kukuru.

Iyi sisitimu, yakagadziridzwa neMBDA nevamwe vayo, yakatanga kugadzirirwa iyo Royal Navy, iyo ichaiswa paType 45 vaparadzi kutanga muna 2027makore mashanu pamberi pechirongwa chekutanga. Nekudaro, iyo Briteni Ministry yeDziviriro haidzivise mukana wekugadzirisa iwo tekinoroji gare gare kumotokari dzine zvombo kana mamwe mapuratifomu epasi.

Chibvumirano chakasainwa neMBDA UK chinokodzera madhora mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu emapaunzi. (yakatenderedza 358-360 miriyoni euros), ichiratidza kuzvipira kwenguva refu kwekubatanidza zvombo zvakanangwa-simba mukudzivirira nyika uye nekuisa United Kingdom pamberi petekinoroji mukati meNATO.

Kiyi yeDragonFire: kutora pasi drones isingasviki mutengo wekudya

Kupfuura iyo futuristic chimiro, uko DragonFire inonyatso mutsauko iri muhondo yehupfumi. Imwe neimwe laser shot inodhura anenge 10 mapaundi., inopfuura zvishoma 11 euros, uye British Ministry of Defense inoenda kusvika pakufungidzira kushandiswa kwelaser isingasviki gumi nemaviri euros papfuti mune dzimwe nguva.

Kuti ndikupe pfungwa: Kubatidza DragonFire kwemasekonzi gumi kunodhura zvakafanana nekubatidza imba yako kweawa.Kuenzaniswa nemazana ezviuru (kana mamirioni) emaeuro zvinodhura kuburitsa chinokandwa chinotungamirwa, mari inochengetwa yakawandisa, kunyanya kana muvengi akashandisa zvakachipa drones muhuwandu hwemaindasitiri.

Hondo muUkraine uye kurwiswa nemadrone munzvimbo dzakaita seGungwa Dzvuku zvakaratidza kuti tsika dzechinyakare dzekudzivirira dzinogona kupedzisira dzave gomba remari. Kana chikasha chemamiriyoni emadhora chikashandiswa kupfura drone yakagadzirwa nematanda, polystyrene, uye kunze kwesherufu yemagetsi, anorwisa akatokunda hondo yehupfumi.kunyangwe ndikarasikirwa nemudziyo.

Ne DragonFire, pfungwa yacho inodzoserwa shure: Mutengo wekuputswa kwese uri kuderera Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuchengetedza kuenderera mberi kwekudzivirira patrol pasina kutya kupedza bhajeti rezvombo. Izvi zvinovhura musuwo wekuiisa sechidziviriro chepamberi kurwisa kamikaze drones uye zvimwe zvibodzwa zvidiki, kuchengetedza zvombo zvinodhura zvekutyisidzira kukuru.

Uyezve, kushandiswa kwechiedza chechiedza kunobvisa dambudziko rezvimedu zve shrapnel uye projectiles inopotsa chinangwa chavo. Kana iyo laser ikatadza, inongoramba ichifamba kudzamara mhepo yabata uye nekuparadzira simba.pasina kukonzera kuputika pasi kana pagungwa. Iyi ficha yakanyatso kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ane zvivakwa zvevagari vepedyo kana nzira dzekutengesa dzakabatikana.

 

Mauto zvakanakira laser zvombo pamusoro pezvakajairwa makomba

Lasers senge DragonFire kana Apollo anotariswa zvombo zvekudzivirira zvakanakisaVanogona kupindura nekukasira kutyisidzira, asi nehunhu hwavo chaihwo havana kukodzera kubhomba maguta kana kukonzera kukuvara kwakakura kure nenhandare yehondo.

Pakati pezvakanakira zviri pachena ndiko kukurumidza kwekupindura. Laser haidi kumhanyisa kana kutevera nzira yakakombama.Inobata panenge ipapo pane chinangwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo drone iri kusvika nekumhanya kwakanyanya, iwo mashoma masekonzi anogona kureva mutsauko pakati pekuibata kana kuiona ichisvika pachinangwa chayo.

Muchinjikwa-chikamu chedanda chinowanzova minuscule, pahurongwa hwemamirimita mashoma emamirimita. Izvi zvinoibvumira kuita senge scalpel iri mumaoko echiremba anovhiya.Chikamu chedrone chinosarudzwa (somuenzaniso, sensor optical, bapiro, kana antenna yekukurukurirana) uye simba rinoiswa ipapo kusvikira raparara. Izvi zvese zvinoitika zvakachena, pasina detonation yakakura kana shawa yezvimedu zvinowanzo perekedza kuparadzwa kwezvombo.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti lasers yakaoma zvakanyanya kupikisa. Matanho echinyakare, akadai sekutanga manyepo kana kuyedza kunyengedza nzira yekutungamira ye missile, inoshaya basa. apo "projectile" iri mwenje wechiedza chakachena. Iyo chete nzira chaiyo yekuvanda (semuenzaniso, kuseri kweutsi hwakafuta kana mumamiriro ekunze akaipa) kana kuedza kuremedza sisitimu nenhamba huru yezvinangwa.

Nhoroondo, ma lasers akange atoshandiswa panhandare yehondo kumabasa akadai sekududzwa kwechinangwa, kutsvaga, kana kutarisa. Chii chitsva ikozvino ndechekuti kushanda kwayo sechombo chakananga kuri kuratidzwa.inokwanisa kukuvadza kana kuparadza masisitimu emuvengi pasina kudiwa kweiyo projectile yemuviri. Iko kusvetuka kubva pakuva "meso ehurongwa" kusvika pakuva "chibhakera" chayo.

Tekinoroji zvipimo: iyo Achilles 'chitsitsinho che laser cannon

Pasinei nekufarira kwese, high-energy lasers ari kure nekukwana. Kuita kwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunzeMhute, mvura, hunyoro hwepamusoro, kana kuvhiringika kwemhepo zvinogona kusveta, kuparadzira, kana kukanganisa danda, zvichideredza huwandu hwayo hunoshanda uye huwandu hwesimba rinosvika pane chinangwa.

Uyezve, kana uchishanda nemazinga emagetsi akanyanya, danda pacharo rinogona kupindirana nemhepo, kuchipisa uye kugadzira zviitiko zvinokanganisa kupararira kwayo. Kuwana chiyero chakakodzera pakati pesimba, wavelength, danda chimiro, uye nguva yepfuti Izvo zvose isayenzi uye inyanzvi yeinjiniya.

Rimwe dambudziko rakakomba rinomuka kana sisitimu yaiswa pamapuratifomu enhare, sechikepe mumakungwa asina kugadzikana kana mota inofamba pamusoro penzvimbo isina kuenzana. Kutarisa zvakatsiga pane diki, inokurumidza drone kubva panzvimbo inofamba Zvakangofanana nekuedza kurova chipfuro wakamira pabharanzi bhodhi: chero diki diki nyoro rinokonzeresa kutsauka kwedanda.

Kudzikamisa izvi, vanogadzira vanosanganisira epamberi kudzikamisa masisitimu, gyroscopes, uye kutonga software inotsiva mafambiro epuratifomu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kuchengetedza "laser dot" yakanongedza pane chinangwa panguva el tiempo zvakakwana kuikuvadza Rinoramba riri rimwe rematambudziko makuru, kunyanya pamusoro penzendo refu.

Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha kunyatsodzidzisa vashandi. Kushandisa laser chombo haingori nyaya yekudhonza tambo.Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa sei hurongwa, nzira yekuisa mberi zvinangwa, nzira yekubatanidza nemamwe maitiro ekudzivirira, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa simba rinowanikwa kuitira kuti urege kusiya hurongwa "hwakaoma" panguva yakaipisisa.

Apollo: iyo yeAustralia laser cannon yakagadzirirwa mapoka ema drones

Ipo iyo UK iri kukurumidza neDragonFire, Australia yakaita yekupinda yakasimba nekuda Apollo, iyo yepamusoro-simba laser chombo chakagadzirwa neElectro Optic Systems (EOS)Iyi ihurongwa hwakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga paine kutyisidzira chaiko mundangariro: mapoka ezvidhori zvinodhura zvinorwisa mumafungu.

Apollo inogona kusvika kune simba rekubuda kusvika ku150 kilowatts uye, maererano nekambani pachayo, Iyo inokwanisa kudzikamisa anosvika makumi maviri drones paminitiChinhu chinonyanya kushamisa mutengo wekushandisa: zvinofungidzirwa kuti pfuti yega yega inodhura isingasviki masendi gumi, inofananidzira nhamba kana ichienzaniswa nepfuti yechinyakare.

Panyaya yehukuru, iyo system inogona paradza drones kure kure nemakiromita matatu uye bofu kana kudzima ma sensors ari kure nemakiromita gumi nemashanu.Uyezve, iyo 360-degree yekuvhara uye kugona kuwana zvibodzwa mune angangoita mazana manomwe mamilliseconds inoita kuti ive mumiriri akakodzera wekuvhara nzvimbo dzakakura kurwisa kurwiswa kamwe kamwe.

Imwe yesimba rayo ndeye modularity yayo. Apollo inogona kuiswa mune yakajairwa 6-mita mudziyo kana pamotokariIzvi zvinogonesa kuchinjika kutumirwa uye kubatanidzwa mune akaturikidzana emhepo kudzivirira masisitimu. Nekudaro, inogona kuiswa padhuze neyakaomesesa zvivakwa, mabhesi, makoni emotokari, kana mapoinzi ehurongwa pasina basa rakakura rekuvaka.

NATO yakatoita mafambiro ayo uye yakapedzisa kutenga kwehurongwa, ne yekutanga kutakura inotarisirwa muna 2028Iyo yakazara pasuru - iyo inosanganisira kuchengetedza, kudzidziswa, uye zvinosanganisirwa zvinhu - inodhura madhora mazana masere nematatu emamiriyoni. Makakatanwa akaita seaya ari muUkraine neGaza akashanda sechikonzero, achisunda vagadziri vemitemo kuti vade mhinduro dzakagadzirira kutumirwa nekukasira, pasina kuvharirwa muzvikamu zvisingaperi zvekuedza.

Kukanganisa kwekushanda kweApollo nebasa rayo mukudzivirira kwemhepo

Sezvakaita neDragonFire, Apollo haisi yemashiripiti wand inotsiva zvachose mamwe ese ekudzivirira masisitimu. Kubudirira kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze.Kunaya, mhute, kana guruva rakaturikwa zvakanyanya kuderedza huwandu hwayo uye simba rekugadzirisa simba.

Kushanda kwayo kwepakati pe1,6 uye 4,8 makiromita pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kunoita kuti ive yakakwana kupikisa drones nezvimwe zvinangwa zviri pedyo, asi Haisi iyo chishandiso chakakodzera chekubata nemabhoti anokandwa kana ndege dzakajairwa. iyo inoshanda pamadaro akakura zvikuru kana marefu.

Naizvozvo, nyanzvi dzinobvumirana nazvo Laser cannon haisi kuzotsiva makomba kana anti-ndege artillery munguva pfupi.Asi, ivo vanozobatanidzwa seyakakosha mubatsiri wekubata nemutengo wakaderera, wakakwira-vhoriyamu kutyisidzira, kusunungura inodhura masisitimu kune echokwadi ehurongwa zvinangwa.

Kunyangwe neizvi zvisingakwanisi, mari inoramba yakasimba. Iyo Pentagon, semuenzaniso, inogovera zvakapoteredza $ 1.000 bhiriyoni pagore yekutsvakurudza zvombo zvakanangwa-simbaNepo Israeri inoronga kubatanidza yayo yega laser system, iyo Iron Beam, kutanga muna 2025. Zvese zvinoratidza kuti lasers ichava chidimbu chakakosha chepasi rose chekudzivirira puzzle.

Spain uye "mabara echiedza": chirongwa cheCLPU

Spain iri kusvetukirawo pane laser defence bandwagon. Kweanenge makore mashanu ikozvino, the Pulsed Laser Center (CLPU) yeYunivhesiti yeSalamanca Ari kushanda mukuvandudza kweiyo pulsed laser prototype ine chinangwa chekumisa drones uye kumwe kutyisidzira kwemuchadenga.

Sekureva kwaRoberto Lera, nyanzvi yesainzi kuCLPU, Chinangwa ndechekuratidza kuti iyi tekinoroji inoshanda kune zvekudzivirira zvikumbiro.Mune mamwe mazwi, chinangwa ndechekugadzira mhando ye "bullet yechiedza" inokwanisa kukuvadza drone kuburikidza nekunyanyisa uye kupfupi laser pulses.

Kufarira chirongwa ichi kwakakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwehondo muUkraine uye kuwanda kwekurwiswa nedrone munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Indasitiri yezvombo yakaisa pfungwa dzayo pakuongorora uku, vachiziva kuti vaigona kuisa Spain munzvimbo inobatsira zvikuru mukati mechikamu chezvombo zvesimba.

Haasi ese ese ehunyanzvi ruzivo aitwa pachena parizvino, asi iyo pulsed laser nzira inovhura musuwo kune nzira nyowani dzekumisa zvibodzwa, dzakasiyana neinoenderera mberi laser inoshandiswa mumasisitimu akaita seDragonFire kana Apollo. Kana iyo CLPU ikakwanisa kuita muratidziri akavimbikaSpain inogona kuita basa rakakosha muEuropean laser defense development.

Basa rose iri rinoisa nyika munzira yakajeka: vasingazviremekedze pakutenga zvigadziriso zvekunze, asi vachishingairira kutora chikamu mukugadzira yavo tekinoroji. iyo inogona kubatanidzwa mumasangano ekudzivirira enyika kana emarudzi akawanda.

Nemapurojekiti ese aya ari patafura, manzwiro eruzhinji ndeokuti Laser kupfura pasi drones haisisiri yesainzi fungidziro kuti ive chishandiso chakakomba, ichiwedzera kuswedera kune yakakura-yemwero wekushandisa kutumirwa. Iye zvino dambudziko riri mukunatsa kusasimba kwayo, kuibatanidza zvakanaka nemamwe masisitimu edziviriro, uye kudzidzisa mauto kuti ashandise zvakanyanya.