Yadda ake raba babban fayil ko fayil akan hanyar sadarwa a cikin Windows 11

Idan kuna da kwamfutoci da yawa a gida ko a ofis, raba kan hanyar sadarwar gida en Windows 11 Yana da mahimmanci a zahiri don guje wa ɗaukar kebul na USB. Windows ya ɗan canza kaɗan tun kwanakin HomeGroup, amma har yanzu yana ba da hanyoyi da yawa don raba abun ciki cikin sauri da aminci.

A cikin wannan jagorar za ku gani, mataki-mataki, Duk hanyoyi masu amfani don raba babban fayil ko fayil a cikin Windows 11Kuna iya haɗawa ta hanyar sadarwar gida ta amfani da SMB, tare da OneDrive, ta imel, tare da na'urorin da ke kusa ta Bluetooth ko Wi-Fi, da amfani da aikace-aikacen waje. Bugu da ƙari, saitunan cibiyar sadarwa, izini, ka'idodin SMB, kurakurai na yau da kullun da mafita an bayyana su, don haka zaku iya ƙware batun a matakin asali da na ci gaba.

Mahimman ra'ayoyi da canje-canje idan aka kwatanta da sigogin Windows na baya

Kafin mu shiga cikin maɓalli da menus, yana da mahimmanci mu fahimci hakan Microsoft ya kasance yana kawar da tsoffin hanyoyin raba hanyoyin sadarwa. Na gargajiya Kungiyar masu aiki Har yanzu yana nan amma ba shi da dacewa kuma, kuma sanannen Rukunin Gida Ya bace farawa da Windows 10 sigar 1803. Wannan ya tilasta wa masu amfani da yawa canza tunaninsu kuma su dogara da zaɓuɓɓukan rabawa da aka gina a cikin Windows.

A yau, Windows 11 yana dogara ne akan ka'idar SMB (Toshe Saƙon Sabar) don raba fayiloli da manyan fayiloli akan hanyar sadarwar gida, kamar Windows 78 da 10, amma tare da ƙarin matakan tsaro kuma tare da wasu tsoffin ka'idoji da aka kashe ta tsohuwa, kamar SMB 1.0, wanda ke da matsala ta fuskar tsaro. cybersecurity.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, tsarin ya bambanta tsakanin Bayanan martaba na cibiyar sadarwa: Masu zaman kansu, Jama'a, da DomainDon a sauƙaƙe raba manyan fayiloli a gida ko a ofis, ana ba da shawarar cewa cibiyar sadarwar a saita azaman Na kashin kaiA cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a (cafeteria, otal-otal, da sauransu) Windows yana hana ayyukan rabawa da yawa don guje wa abubuwan mamaki.

Wani muhimmin batu shi ne cewa ana sarrafa damar shiga manyan fayilolin da aka raba tare da su matakai biyu na iziniIzinin raba SMB da izini NTFS (Tsaro tab). Ko da yake yana iya sauti ɗan fasaha, haɗa matakan biyu yana ba ku damar iyakance wanda ya ga menene kuma tare da wane matakin sarrafawa (karanta-kawai ko cikakken iko).

A ƙarshe, an tsaurara matakan tsaro tun daga Windows 10 da Windows 11. zaman baƙo da shiga mara kalmar sirriYana yiwuwa a saita damar da ba a san su ba ko mara amfani, amma ba a ba da shawarar ba, kuma daga baya za ku ga irin zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da su.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don raba manyan fayiloli da fayiloli a cikin Windows 11

Don raba babban fayil akan hanyar sadarwa don aiki lafiya, yana da mahimmanci Yi bitar hanyar sadarwar ku da saitunan tsaro kafin farawaBa kwa buƙatar zama mai gudanar da tsarin, amma kuna buƙatar bin wasu ƙa'idodi na asali.

Abu na farko da za a bincika shine bayanin martaba na hanyar sadarwaA cikin Windows 11, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa an ayyana haɗin ku azaman Cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kantaAna yin wannan daga Saituna> Hanyar sadarwa da Intanit, ta shigar da kaddarorin adaftar (Wi-Fi ko Ethernet) da zabar bayanin martaba PrimadoTa wannan hanyar, Windows yana ba da damar gano na'urar da rabawa.

Na gaba, wasu abubuwa suna buƙatar kunnawa. zaɓuɓɓukan rabawa na ci gaba. Daga na gargajiya Cibiyar sadarwa da Cibiyar raba (zaka iya bude shi da umarnin control /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter), shiga Canja saitunan rabawa na ci gabaA cikin bayanan sirri, zaɓi:

• Ba da damar gano hanyar sadarwa
• Kunna fayil da raba firinta

A cikin sashin Dukkan hanyoyin sadarwa za ku iya yanke shawara ko Kuna amfani da manyan fayilolin jama'a kuma ku kalmar sirri-kare rabawa.Kashe kariyar kalmar sirri yana sauƙaƙa abubuwa, amma yana kara hadarinmusamman akan hanyoyin sadarwa marasa tsaro.

A wasu gyare-gyare kuma yana da kyau Yi bita ayyukan Windows masu alaƙa da gano hanyar sadarwa. Ayyuka kamar Mai Bayar da Mai Ba da Gano Aiki (fdPHost), Buga Ayyukan Gano Aiki (FDResPub), Na'urar mai watsa shiri ta UPNP (upnphost) y Gano SSDP (SSDPSRV) Ya kamata su kasance a ciki Farawar atomatik ta yadda kungiyoyin za su iya ganin juna ba tare da matsala ba.

Bugu da ƙari, idan kuna son yin amfani da rabawa na SMB da gaske, ana ba da shawarar cewa faifai su kasance a ciki NTFSJuzu'i na ciki FAT32 Ba sa nuna shafin Tsaro kuma suna iyakance izini masu inganci sosai. Kuma ga Firewall. Dole ne a buɗe tashoshin TCP 445, 139, 138, da 137ko dai kai tsaye ko ta hanyar dokokin da Windows ke ƙirƙira ta atomatik lokacin da kuka kunna fayil ɗin rabawa da firinta.

Ƙirƙirar masu amfani da ƙungiyoyi don sarrafa shiga

Kodayake zaka iya raba babban fayil tare da asusunka, hanya mafi tsabta kuma mafi aminci ita ce ƙirƙiri takamaiman asusu don samun dama ga albarkatun da aka rabaMusamman idan mutane da yawa za su yi amfani da kwamfuta mai nisa iri ɗaya. Ta haka ba sai ka baiwa kowa kalmar sirrinka ba.

A cikin Windows 10/11 Pro kuma daga baya zaku iya amfani da na'urar wasan bidiyo na Gudanar da ƙungiyar (compmgmt.mscDaga nan, in Masu amfani na gida da Ƙungiyoyi> Masu amfaniYana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira asusu kamar mai amfani11, mai amfani12, mai amfani13, mai amfani14 ko wasu da kuke so, ma'anar kalmomin shiga da zaɓuɓɓukan asusu. Duk za su kasance, ta tsohuwa, a cikin rukuni Masu amfani misali.

Idan masu amfani da yawa za su sami ainihin izini iri ɗaya akan babban fayil ɗin, yana da ma'ana sosai. ƙirƙiri rukuniDaga wannan sashe, in ƘungiyoyiKuna iya ƙara sabon rukuni, misali share group1sa'an nan kuma ƙara masu amfani da suka dace da shi. Bayan haka, kawai kuna buƙatar ba da izini ga ƙungiyar maimakon zuwa mai amfani da mai amfani.

Wannan hanyar aiki tana da fa'idodi da yawa: Kuna tsara izini a cikin rukuniWannan yana ba da sauƙin sokewa ko ƙara samun dama kuma yana rage kurakuran daidaitawa. Idan daga baya kuna buƙatar canza matakin shiga (daga karanta-kawai zuwa cikakken iko, alal misali), kuna buƙatar yin shi sau ɗaya kawai don ƙungiyar, kuma za ta shafi dukkan membobinta ta atomatik.

A cikin ƙananan saitunan gida zaku iya tsallake wannan matakin kuma ku raba tare da dukAmma idan kuna son kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsari da tsaro, yin amfani da masu amfani da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ana ba da shawarar sosai koda da ƴan kwamfutoci kaɗan.

Yadda ake raba babban fayil ko fayil akan hanyar sadarwa a cikin Windows 11

Tare da hanyar sadarwa a shirye yanzu, lokaci yayi da za a gani Yadda ake raba takamaiman babban fayil ko ma fayil ɗaya a cikin Fayil ExplorerGudun yana kusan iri ɗaya a cikin Windows 7, 8, 10 da 11, kodayake wasu menus suna canzawa.

A cikin Windows 11, nemo babban fayil ko fayil ɗin da kake son rabawa a cikin Fayil Explorer. Za ka iya:

• danna dama game da kashi, zabi Bada damar zuwa> takamaiman masu amfani.
• Ko zaɓi fayil ɗin, je zuwa shafin share na babban tef kuma, a cikin sashe Raba tare da, zaɓi Musamman masu amfani.

Tagan zai bude Samun hanyar sadarwa, inda zaka iya zaɓi masu amfani ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda za a raba albarkatun tare da suKuna iya zaɓar takamaiman asusu, ƙungiyar da kuka ƙirƙira, ko zaɓi duk don ba da damar shiga gabaɗaya daga hanyar sadarwa. A cikin wannan taga zaku iya tantance nau'in izini: yawanci ana bayarwa Karatu o Karatu da rubutu.

Idan ka zaɓa fayiloli da yawa lokaci gudaKuna iya raba su gaba ɗaya ta amfani da wannan akwatin maganganu iri ɗaya. Kuma idan kuna raba babban fayil, Duk abin da ke cikinsa za a iya isa ga shi (da kuma abin da aka ajiye daga baya, sai dai idan kun canza izini).

Lokacin da kuka gama maye, Windows yana nuna saƙo yana sanar da ku cewa babban fayil ɗin ko fayil ɗin an raba kuma yana bayarwa kwafi hanyar hanyar sadarwa ko ma bude abokin ciniki na imel don aika hanyar haɗi zuwa masu amfani waɗanda ke buƙatar shiga. Wannan hanyar yawanci tana cikin tsari \\NombreEquipo\NombreRecurso kuma ana iya amfani dashi kai tsaye a cikin Explorer ko a cikin akwatin maganganu na Run.

Babban rabo: SMB da izini na NTFS

Idan kuna son ƙarin iko mai ƙarfi, zaku iya amfani da Zaɓin raba ci gaba na WindowsYana aiki iri ɗaya akan Windows 7, 8, 10 da 11 kuma yana da amfani musamman akan kwamfutoci waɗanda kusan kamar ƙaramin uwar garken fayil.

Don isa wurin, danna-dama kan babban fayil ɗin da kake son rabawa (misali, raba01), shiga Propiedades kuma bude shafin shareMaimakon amfani da maɓallin share, danna kan Babban rabawa. Duba akwatin Raba wannan fayil ɗin kuma sanya a sunan albarkatun da aka raba (zai iya ko bazai dace da sunan babban fayil ba).

Sa'an nan, a kan button Iziniza ka iya saita da Izinin SMB a matakin raboƘungiyar ta bayyana kamar yadda aka nuna daga masana'anta duk tare da izinin karantawa kawai, amma aikin da aka saba shine cire wannan rukunin kuma ƙara takamaiman masu amfani ko ƙungiyoyi (misali, share group1 tare da cikakken iko da user14 (Karanta kawai).

Da zarar an saita rabawa, akan shafin Tsaro Daga cikin babban fayil Properties za ka iya daidaita da Izinin NTFSƘara masu amfani iri ɗaya da ƙungiyoyin da kuka yi amfani da su a cikin sashin Rabawa, kuma ayyana ko suna da Cikakken Sarrafa, Gyarawa, Karantawa da aiwatarwa, da sauransu. Haɗin izini da aka raba da NTFS a ƙarshe yana ƙayyade abin da kowane mai amfani zai iya yi.

Tuna wannan ƙa'idar babban yatsa: Izinin tasiri shine mafi ƙuntatawa tsakanin SMB da NTFSA wasu kalmomi, idan kun ba da cikakken iko a cikin SMB amma kawai Karanta a cikin NTFS, mai amfani zai ƙare tare da damar karantawa, ba Cikakken Sarrafa ba. Shi ya sa yana da kyau a kiyaye daidaito tsakanin matakan izini biyu don guje wa abubuwan mamaki.

Madadin hanyoyin ƙirƙira da sarrafa albarkatun da aka raba

Baya ga Explorer, Windows ya haɗa da ƙari Manyan fayiloli (fsmgmt.msc), ana iya samun dama daga na'urar sarrafa kwamfuta. Kayan aiki ne mai fa'ida sosai lokacin da kun riga kun sami albarkatu da yawa da kuke so sarrafa su daga rukunin yanar gizon guda ɗaya.

A cikin Manyan fayiloli, a kumburi Abubuwan da aka raba Kuna iya ganin duk manyan fayilolin da kwamfutar ke aiki, duka waɗanda kuka ƙirƙira da waɗanda kuka ƙirƙira. sassan gudanarwa (C$, ADMIN$, da sauransu) wanda Windows ke samarwa don ayyukan gudanarwa na nesa. Daga nan, zaku iya ƙirƙirar sabbin albarkatun da aka raba tare da mayen, gyara izini, ko dakatar da raba babban fayil.

A nodes na Sessions y Bude fayiloli zaka iya sarrafawa wanda ke da alaƙa da albarkatun da aka raba da waɗanne fayilolin da suka buɗeWannan cikakke ne don rufe zaman makale ko buɗe fayilolin da suka makale akan hanyar sadarwar.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin tsarin tushen Windows NT (Windows 10, 11, da sauransu) akwai manyan fayilolin gudanarwa kamar su. C$ o ADMIN$Yawanci suna ƙarewa $ daidai don kasancewa a ɓoye yayin bincike na yau da kullun, kuma Ana samun damar shiga asusun kawai tare da gata na gudanarwa.Wasu tsarin Linux, kamar Ubuntu, suna nuna waɗannan hannun jari duk da cewa Windows tana ɓoye su daga abokan cinikinta.

Idan kun fi son shiga kan layi umarni da rubutun, akwai cmdlets don PowerShell kamar yadda Samun-SmbShare o Samun-SmbShareAccess wanda ke ba ka damar tuntuɓar da gyara abubuwan da aka raba ta hanya mai sarrafa kansa, mai amfani sosai a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da kwamfutoci da yawa.

Samun shiga babban fayil ko fayil da aka raba daga wata kwamfutar Windows

Da zarar an ƙirƙiri babban fayil ɗin da aka raba, mataki na gaba shine samun damar shi daga wani PC tare da Windows 10 ko 11Hanya mafi gani shine buɗe Fayil Explorer kuma danna kan Red a bangaren hagu. Idan an saita komai daidai, zaku ga jerin na'urori da ke akwai akan hanyar sadarwar ku.

Danna sau biyu akan na'ura zai nuna ta raba albarkatu, yawanci babban fayil ɗin masu amfani (Masu amfanida manyan fayilolin da mai gudanarwa ya buga. Yi kewaya ta hanyar har sai kun isa babban fayil ɗin da kuke sha'awar; kawai za ku ga waɗanda kuke da izini don su.

Idan saboda wasu dalilai mai binciken cibiyar sadarwa bai jera na'urorin daidai ba, zaku iya tafiya kai tsaye ta hanyar bugawa hanyar UNC a cikin adireshin adireshin Explorer ko a cikin akwatin maganganu Run (Win+R). Misali:

• \\192.168.101.212\share01
• \\Computer10\share01

Sigar farko tana amfani da Adadin IP na tawagar, na biyu na sunan rundunarIdan kuna fuskantar matsalolin ƙudurin suna, adiresoshin IP yawanci sun fi dogara. Wannan ya dace musamman ga injunan abokin ciniki waɗanda akai-akai haɗawa zuwa babban fayil iri ɗaya. sanya shi azaman hanyar sadarwa Don bayyana shi koyaushe tare da harafi (Z:, misali): kawai danna dama akan babban fayil ɗin da aka raba sannan zaɓi Taswirar hanyar sadarwazaɓi harafin kuma yi alama Sake haɗawa lokacin shiga.

Lokacin da kuka haɗa, idan uwar garken SMB yana buƙatar takaddun shaida, Windows zai tambaye ku sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirriKuna iya amfani da asusun gida na yanzu akan kwamfuta mai nisa ko ingantaccen asusun Microsoft don wannan tsarin. Idan ka zaɓi akwatin don tunawa da takaddun shaida, za a adana su a cikin Manajan ƙira kuma ba za ku shigar da su kowane lokaci ba.

Samun damar albarkatun SMB daga Ubuntu da sauran rarrabawar Linux

Idan cibiyar sadarwar ku ta ƙunshi kwamfutocin Windows da Linux duka, yana yiwuwa kuma. Shiga manyan fayilolin da aka raba a cikin Windows 11 daga Ubuntu da kuma tsarin da ke da alaƙa. Hanyar tana kama da abin da kuke yi a cikin Windows, kawai daga mai binciken fayil ɗin Linux.

A cikin Ubuntu, buɗe mai binciken fayil (Nautilus) kuma shigar Sauran wurareZa ku ga sashe don Hanyar sadarwar Windows kuma, a kasa, filin da ake kira Haɗa zuwa sabarShigar da hanyar zuwa kwamfutar Windows a can ta amfani da tsari mai zuwa:

smb://192.168.1.97

Canja adireshin IP zuwa ɗayan kwamfutar inda kuke da babban fayil ɗin da aka raba. Lokacin haɗawa, Ubuntu zai tambaye ku sunan mai amfani, kalmar sirri da rukunin aikiKuna iya barin ƙungiyar azaman tsoho idan ta dace da hanyar sadarwar ku; takaddun shaidar dole ne su kasance masu inganci akan injin Windows.

Da zarar an tabbatar, tsarin zai nuna duk albarkatun SMB da ƙungiyar Windows ta fitarA wasu lokuta za ku ga fiye da babban fayil kawai Masu amfani ko babban fayil ɗin da kuka ƙirƙira, amma har da hannun jari na gudanarwa C$, ADMIN$, da sauransu. idan ba ku da gata mai gudanarwa, kawai za ku iya buɗe abin da aka ba ku izinin buɗewa.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin Windows, hanyar ciki zuwa babban fayil ɗin da aka raba za ta kasance tsarin shugabanci iri ɗaya, kodayake ba koyaushe ana nuna duk manyan manyan fayiloli ba idan ba a raba su ko kuma idan mai amfani da ku ba shi da haƙƙi a kansu.

Raba manyan fayiloli a cikin Windows 11 tare da ƙarin damar “buɗe”.

Windows 11 ya sauƙaƙa ƙwarewa sosai ga mai amfani da gida: lokacin da kuke raba babban fayil akan hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kansaIdan ka saita ta haka, kowace kwamfutar da ke kan hanyar sadarwa ɗaya za ta iya gani da amfani da waɗannan fayilolin ba tare da shigar da takaddun shaida kowace rana ba.

Ana samun wannan ta hanyar haɗa saitunan da yawa: ba da damar gano hanyar sadarwa, raba fayil da firinta, kuma, idan kuna son ƙwarewar "toshe da wasa", Kashe rabawa mai kariya ta kalmar sirri a cikin ci-gaba zažužžukan. Don al'amuran da aka saba, akwai ma takamaiman jagora kan yadda saita babban fayil ɗin da aka raba don duka dangi.

Lokacin da kuke raba babban fayil tare da izini na Karatu da rubutumasu amfani da hanyar sadarwar ku za su iya ƙara, gyara da share fayiloli da manyan fayiloli cikin sa. Wannan yana ba da yanci da yawa kuma cikakke ne don manyan fayilolin aiki na haɗin gwiwa, amma a fili yana buƙatar dogara ga waɗanda ke da dama.

A cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da na'urori da masu amfani da yawa, yawanci yana da kyau a haɗa wannan sauƙin amfani tare da ɗan horo: manyan fayilolin karantawa kawai don abun ciki na gama gari (manuals, samfuri, da dai sauransu) da manyan fayiloli tare da rubuta izini kawai ga waɗanda suke buƙatar gaske.

Idan kun lura da halayen ban mamaki, shigar da tuhuma, ko fayilolin ɓacewa, duba cewa ba ku bar zaɓuɓɓukan "Kowa ba" kuma a buɗe kuma kuyi la'akari da sake kunnawa kalmar sirri ko ƙuntata samun dama ga takamaiman masu amfani.

Raba manyan fayiloli tare da OneDrive a cikin Windows 11

Bayan cibiyar sadarwar gida, Windows 11 yana haɗawa ta tsohuwa tare da OneDrive, sabis na ajiya a cikin Microsoft CloudYana da matukar dacewa mafita don raba babban fayil ko fayil tare da wani wanda Ba a kan hanyar sadarwar ku ɗaya ba ce ko ma yana zaune a wani gari.

OneDrive yana ba da ma'auni kyauta na asali, kuma idan kuna da biyan kuɗi Microsoft 365Yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfin ajiya mai mahimmanci. Don amfani da shi, kawai shiga tare da asusun Microsoft ɗin ku kuma sami abokin ciniki na OneDrive yana gudana akan kwamfutarka. Babban fayil ɗin OneDrive yana bayyana a ɓangaren hagu na File Explorer.

Idan kuna da fayil ɗin da kuke son rabawa akan PC ɗinku, zaku iya yi Danna-dama kuma zaɓi "Matsar zuwa OneDrive"Ta wannan hanyar za ta motsa zuwa Daidaitawa tare da gajimare kuma zai kasance samuwa don rabawa. Wani zaɓi kuma shine kawai ja fayiloli ko manyan fayiloli zuwa babban fayil ɗin OneDrive kamar yadda kuke yi kowane wuri.

Da zarar an ɗora, gano wuri fayil ko babban fayil a cikin hanyar OneDrive, danna dama, sannan zaɓi shareA cikin Windows 11, idan ba ku ga zaɓin kai tsaye ba, zaku iya amfani da su Nuna ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don nuna menu na al'ada. Daga can za ku iya samar da hanyar haɗi kuma ku yanke shawara:

• Si duk wanda ke da mahada zai iya samun dama gare shi ko kuma takamaiman mutane kawai.
• Idan suna da izini karanta-kawai ko kuma gyara.
• Ko hanyar haɗin yanar gizon ta ƙare a kwanan wata ko a'a, da kuma ko ana buƙatar kalmar sirri don buɗe shi.

Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce Ba dole ba ne wani ya raba hanyar sadarwa tare da ku.Kuna iya kasancewa a cikin wani birni ko ƙasa kuma sami damar yin amfani da shi kawai daga burauzar ku ko abokin cinikin ku na OneDrive. Bugu da ƙari, bayanin yana tafiya a ɓoye kuma yana fa'ida daga matakan tsaro na girgije na Microsoft.

Raba manyan fayiloli ko fayiloli ta imel

Idan kuna da aikace-aikacen imel da aka saita akan tebur ɗinku (ka'idar Mail, Outlook, Thunderbird, da sauransu), Windows 11 yana ba da izini. da sauri aika da matsa fayil ko babban fayil zuwa mai karɓar imel daga cikin Explorer kanta.

Kawai kuna buƙatar nemo abin da kuke son rabawa, yi Danna-dama > Nuna ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka kuma zaɓi Mai karɓar wasikuWindows za ta buɗe sabon saƙo ta atomatik a cikin tsohon abokin aikin imel ɗinku, tare da abin da aka makala, a shirye don ku cika adireshin mai karɓa da batun.

Ka tuna cewa yawancin masu samar da imel Suna sanya iyaka akan girman haɗe-haɗeDon manyan manyan fayiloli, yana iya zama mafi kyau a matsa abubuwan da ke ciki a cikin fayil .zip kafin aika shi, ko amfani da OneDrive kai tsaye, wanda ke ba da damar raba babban kundin ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Idan kuna son raba babban fayil gabaɗaya, yawanci yana dacewa. datse shi tukuna (Danna-dama> Aika zuwa> Matsa (zipped) babban fayil sannan kuma haɗa fayil ɗin da aka matsa zuwa imel. Ta wannan hanyar, duk abin da ke tafiya a cikin fayil guda ɗaya kuma ana adana tsarin babban fayil ɗin.

Wannan hanya ita ce manufa don jigilar kaya guda daya da mutum dayainda ba kwa buƙatar adana abun ciki tare ko samuwa na dindindin, kawai don wani mai amfani ya karɓa kuma ya zazzage shi.

Raba fayiloli tare da na'urorin da ke kusa (Bluetooth / Wi-Fi)

Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na Windows 11 shine raba tare da na'urori na kusa, wanda ke amfani da Bluetooth ko Wi-Fi don aika fayiloli tsakanin kwamfutocin da ke kusa kuma suna da Windows 10 ko 11.

Don kunna shi, je zuwa Gida > Saituna > Tsari > Rarraba KusaA can za ku iya yanke shawara idan kuna son raba tare da na'urorin ku kawai ko tare da su duk ƙungiyoyin da ke kusaDuk kwamfutoci dole ne su sami wannan zaɓin kuma suna da Bluetooth ko Wi-Fi mai aiki.

Na gaba, zaɓi fayil ɗin a cikin Explorer, danna-dama, kuma danna kan shareWindows zai nuna panel tare da masu karɓa da aikace-aikace masu yiwuwa. Zaɓi na'urar da kuke son aika fayil ɗin zuwa; sanarwa zai bayyana akan ɗayan kwamfutar yana neman ka aika ta. yarda da canja wuri ("Ajiye" ko "Ajiye kuma buɗe").

Wannan hanya tana da amfani sosai ga da sauri juya takarda, hoto, ko gajeriyar bidiyo tsakanin kwamfyutoci ba tare da saita madannin raba albarkatun ko amfani da gajimare ba. Koyaya, don manyan kundin ko duka manyan fayiloli, ingantaccen kayan aikin SMB ko babban fayil na OneDrive ya fi dacewa.

Idan ɗayan na'urar ba ta bayyana a cikin jeri ba, duba cewa na'urorin biyu suna kan bayanan cibiyar sadarwa iri ɗaya, Bluetooth na kunne, da kuma cewa Rarraba kusa bai kamata a iyakance shi zuwa kawai "Na'urori na" idan dayan PC na amfani da wani asusu na daban. Hakanan, don aika ta Bluetooth Duk na'urorin dole ne a kunna Bluetooth kuma an haɗa su.

Raba tare da wasu aikace-aikacen da aka shigar

Windows 11 yana haɗa panel na raba tare da apps wanda ke ba ka damar aika fayil kai tsaye zuwa apps Saƙo, kafofin watsa labarun, bayanin kula, da sauransu, ba tare da matsakaitan matakai ba. Hanya ce mai sauri don sake amfani da tsarin raba iri ɗaya don kowane nau'in sabis.

Hakanan, zaɓi fayil ɗin, danna-dama, kuma zaɓi shareZa ku ga jerin ƙa'idodi masu jituwa (misali, aikace-aikacen imel, aikace-aikacen saƙo, abokan cinikin girgije). Dole ne ku kawai danna kan app da ake so ta yadda zai buɗe tare da fayil ɗin da aka riga aka haɗe ko aka ambata. Zabin zuwa Nan kusa Raba ko makamantan ayyuka don aika fayiloli zuwa wayoyin hannu da sauran na'urori ta amfani da su Nan kusa Raba.

Idan app ɗin da kuke nema bai bayyana ba, kuna iya dannawa Nemo ƙarin apps Kuma Windows za ta ba ka damar gano wasu ƙa'idodin da aka shigar ko ma ba da shawarar ƙa'idodin Store na Microsoft waɗanda ke goyan bayan irin wannan nau'in rabawa.

Wannan hanya tana da amfani musamman idan kuna amfani abokan ciniki saƙon tebur (kamar wasu aikace-aikacen kasuwanci) kuma kuna son guje wa "jawo da sauke" na al'ada ko samun neman fayil ɗin daga cikin app kowane lokaci.

Koyaya, ku tuna cewa, ba kamar hanyar sadarwa ko raba gajimare ba, anan kowane aikace-aikacen yana sarrafa kwafinsa ko canja wurinsa, don haka Ba za ku sami babban fayil na "live" wanda aka raba ba amma jigilar kaya akan lokaci.

Sanya damar shiga mara kalmar sirri da zaman baƙo (tare da haɗari)

Ko da yake ta tsohuwa sojojin Windows sun raba manyan fayiloli su kasance kalmar sirri ta kareAkwai hanyoyi da yawa don sauƙaƙe shiga ba tare da buƙatar takaddun shaida kowane lokaci ba, ko ma don ba da izinin baƙi da ba a san su ba. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace, amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abin da suka ƙunsa.

Mafi kyawun shawarar, idan kuna son ta'aziyya amma ba tare da barin kanku gaba ɗaya ba tare da kariya ba, shine Yi amfani da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri iri ɗaya akan kwamfutocin biyuMisali, idan asusun yana kan kwamfuta 1 User1 da key Password1, kuma akan kwamfuta 2 ma kuna ƙirƙira User1 da wannan kalmar sirri, lokacin da ka shiga da Mai amfani1 akan abokin ciniki Kuma lokacin da ka shiga uwar garken, Windows ba za ta sake tambayarka takardun shaidarka ba (an yi tabbaci a bayyane).

Hakanan zaka iya zuwa wurin zaɓuɓɓukan rabawa na ci gaba, a sashe Dukkan hanyoyin sadarwakuma kunna:

• Raba yana bawa duk wanda ke da hanyar sadarwa damar karantawa da rubutu zuwa manyan fayilolin jama'a.
• Kashe rabawa mai kariya ta kalmar sirri.

Wannan yana ba da izini Duk mai amfani da LAN zai iya shiga ba tare da kalmar sirri ba.wanda ya dace amma ba shi da tsaro sosai a wuraren da ba ka sarrafa wanda ke haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar (misali, Wi-Fi ba tare da maɓalli mai ƙarfi ba ko tare da baƙi akai-akai).

Bayan haka, akwai yuwuwar ba da damar manufofi kamar Samun hanyar sadarwa: Bada izini ga kowa ya yi amfani da masu amfani da ba a san su ba ko ba da izini m bako logins a cikin umarnin rukuni (gpedit.msc) ko ta hanyar rajista (key AllowInsecureGuestAuthAn tsara waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka don dacewa da tsofaffin na'urori, kuma ba a ba da shawarar ba sai dai idan kun san ainihin abin da kuke yi kuma ba ku da wani zaɓi.

Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ayyukan an ƙara ƙarfafa su farawa da wasu nau'ikan Windows 10 da Windows 11: alal misali, a ciki. Windows 11 24H2 An katange shigar da baƙo mara tsaro ta tsohuwa, kuma dole ne ka ɗauki takamaiman mataki ta hanyar Dokar Rukuni, Rijista, ko umarnin PowerShell kamar su. Saita-SmbClientConfiguration -EnableInsecureGuestLogons $ gaskiya don sake ba su izini.

Ka'idojin SMB: iri, tsaro da dacewa

Bayan raba fayil a cikin Windows shine ka'idar SMB (Toshe na Sakon Server)Yanzu, ana amfani da Windows 10 da 11 SMB 3.xwanda ke ba da ɓoyewa da kariya daga yawancin hare-haren zamani. Koyaya, wasu tsofaffin na'urori (kamar kwamfutoci masu aiki da Windows XP ko wasu tsoffin na'urorin NAS) har yanzu suna dogara Bayanan Bayani na SMB1.0wanda Microsoft ke kashewa ta tsohuwa saboda ba shi da lafiya.

Idan kuna ƙoƙarin haɗi daga na'urar da ke magana da SMBv1 kawai zuwa babban fayil ɗin da aka raba a ciki Windows 10/11, kuna iya ganin kurakurai kamar su. 0x80004005 o Windows ba zai iya samun damar amfani da albarkatun sabar baA waɗannan lokuta, zaku iya bincika nau'ikan SMB ɗin da ke aiki ta amfani da PowerShell, misali:

• Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName SMB1Protocol
• Get-SmbServerConfiguration | Select EnableSMB2Protocol
• Get-SmbServerConfiguration | select "*enablesmb*"

Idan dacewa yana buƙatar ku kunna SMB 1.0, zaku iya yin hakan daga Siffofin Windows (optionalfeatures) yin alama Taimako don raba fayil ɗin SMB 1.0/CIFSko ta hanyar amfani da umarni kamar:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName SMB1Protocol

Ko da yana aiki, dole ne ku bayyana hakan SMBv1 yana kawo haɗari mai tsanani (Hare-hare irin su WannaCry da NotPetya, da cin gajiyar kamar EternalBlue da EternalRomance, da sauransu, sun yi amfani da raunin rauni a cikin wannan yarjejeniya.) Microsoft ma ya gabatar da hanyoyin cire SMB1 ta atomatik lokacin da ba a yi amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci ba.

Da kyau, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, Tabbatar cewa duk kayan aikin ku da na'urorinku suna amfani da SMB 2 ko, ma mafi kyau, SMB 3, sabunta su don cin gajiyar sabbin gyare-gyaren tsaro da inganta ayyukansu.

Kuskuren gama gari lokacin raba manyan fayiloli da yadda ake gyara su

Komai yadda kuka tsara komai da kyau, abu ne gama gari don haduwa Kuskuren saƙonni lokacin shiga manyan manyan fayiloliSanin mafi yawan na kowa zai taimake ka ka warware su ba tare da ɓata sa'o'i ba.

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan saƙon shine: Windows ba zai iya shiga \\ sunan mai masaukin raba ba. Baku da izinin shiga wannan rabon.Yawancin lokaci yana nuna hakan Ba a jera mai amfani a cikin jerin izini ba ko kuma ba a daidaita izinin SMB/NTFS daidai ba. Yana da kyau a duba:

• An raba izini tare da Get-SmbShareAccess -Name "share01".
• Izinin NTFS tare da get-acl C:\share01\ | fl.
• Tabbatar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri daidai.
• An adana takaddun shaida a cikin Manajan ƙiraidan akwai tsoffin kalmomin shiga.

Wani classic shi ne Kuskuren 0x80070035 (Ba a samo hanyar hanyar sadarwa ba)Matsaloli masu zuwa sun zama ruwan dare a nan:

• Sigar SMB marasa jituwa tsakanin abokin ciniki da uwar garken.
• Ayyuka kamar Sabis, Buga albarkatun don gano fasalin o Mai watsa shiri Gane Gane Aiki marasa aikin yi.
• Firewall ko riga-kafi suna toshe zirga-zirgar SMB.

A cikin al'amuran da aka yi amfani da baƙo/wanda ba a san sunansa ba kuma gargaɗin ya bayyana hakan Manufofin tsaro na ƙungiyar ku suna toshe hanya daga baƙi maras tabbas.Maganin lafiya shine Dakatar da amfani da damar baƙo kuma canza zuwa ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa, ta hanyar SMBv3. Tilasta fara rashin tsaro ta hanyar manufofi ko shiga ya kamata kawai ya zama makoma ta ƙarshe.

A ƙarshe, ku tuna cewa abokin ciniki na Windows 10/11 yana da iyaka na 20 haɗin haɗin gwiwa don raba albarkatun kowace ƙungiya. Idan fiye da masu amfani 20 suka yi ƙoƙarin haɗawa zuwa injin abokin ciniki iri ɗaya yana aiki azaman uwar garken fayil, mai amfani na 21 zai fara karɓar kurakurai. Don al'amuran tare da masu amfani da yawa na lokaci ɗaya, manufa shine ƙaura zuwa Windows Server ko NAS da aka ƙera azaman uwar garken fayil.

Windows 11 yana ba da cikakkiyar kewayon zaɓuɓɓuka don raba babban fayil ɗaya ko fayil ɗaya akan hanyar sadarwaDaga amfani da SMB na yau da kullun akan cibiyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu, ta hanyar sabis na girgije OneDrive, zuwa zaɓuɓɓuka masu sauri kamar imel ko rabawa tare da na'urori kusa. Ta hanyar daidaita izini, bayanan martaba na cibiyar sadarwa, nau'ikan SMB, da kuma manne da mafi kyawun ayyuka na tsaro, kuna da dandamali mai sassauƙa don daidaitawa zuwa ɗakin da aka raba ko ƙaramin ofis tare da ƙungiyoyi da yawa. tsarin aiki gauraye.