Ucoceko lwedijithali: ukhuseleko, intlalontle kunye nocwangco kubomi bakho be-intanethi

Sihlala sincamathele kwizikrini kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi apho umsebenzi, ulonwabo, ubudlelwane, kunye nezezimali zidibana, nakuloo ndlela yokuhlangana... Uxanduva lwedijithali luba yimfunekoImithetho kunye nezixhobo ziyavela, ewe, kodwa amava emihla ngemihla abonisa ukuba ukugcina ucwangco, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwi-Intanethi kufuna imikhwa eqhubekayo kunye neyokwazi.

Kanye njengoko sibrasha amazinyo ethu okanye siphinde sisebenzise kwakhona ngaphandle kokucinga kakhulu, ucoceko lwedijithali kufuneka lube yinxalenye yeDNA yomsebenzisi ngamnye. Yiseti ye Iindlela zokuthintela ukuhlala ukhuselekile, usempilweni, kwaye ugcine ikhaya lakho ledijithali lilungileKulula ukuyithetha, kodwa akusoloko kulula ukuyenza... kodwa kubalulekile ukukhusela ubomi bethu bobuqu, bezentlalo kunye noqoqosho.

Yintoni ucoceko lwedijithali kwaye kutheni likuchaphazela?

Xa sithetha ngococeko lwedijithali, sibhekisa kwi izenzo ezigcina ubukho bethu kwi-intanethi bukhuselekile kwaye busempilweniIyanqanda, iyaqhubeka, kwaye igubungela omabini icala lobugcisa (hardwareisoftware, uthungelwano) kunye nabantu (imikhwa, imida, ingqalelo).

Ngokobuchwephesha, kubandakanya ukugcina iinkqubo zokusebenza, apps kunye ne-firmware yangoku; yomeleza amagama ayimfihlo; phumeza ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi; ukubeka iliso kwiinzame zokukhohlisakwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezifana nesoftware ye-antivirus okanye i-firewall. Zonke zinenjongo enye ecacileyo: Thintela ukophulwa, kuphephe ukubiwa kwedatha, kwaye ugcine ubumfihlo kunye nemfezeko.

Kwinqanaba lomntu, oku kuthetha ukulawula ixesha lesikrini, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okugqithisileyo kumajelo asekuhlaleni, ukukhetha ngononophelo into esabelana ngayo, kunye nokuhlakulela izinto zokuzonwabisa ngaphandle kwehlabathi ledijithali. Kwindawo esisebenza kuyo, sifunde, kwaye sincokole kwi-intanethi, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi luyakhula, lusikhumbuza oko uninzi lwempumelelo ye khu seleko Kuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yomsebenzisiNgapha koko, imithombo eyahlukeneyo ibonisa ukuba malunga ne-80% yokusebenza kwamanyathelo okukhusela kuxhomekeke kwiindlela zethu zemihla ngemihla.

Iintsika zococeko lwedijithali: ukhuseleko kunye nempilo

Ukhuseleko: Ukukhusela idatha kunye nezixhobo

Ukhuseleko lwe-Intanethi lusekwe kwizigqibo zemihla ngemihla: iipassword ezinamandla nezikhethekileyo kwinkonzo nganye, ukuqinisekiswa kwamanyathelo amabini okanye ngamanyathelo amaninzi, uhlaziyo lwangoku, kwaye, nanini na sikude nekhaya, I-VPN kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yoluntuKananjalo ayingombono olungileyo ukwamkela imigaqo kunye nemiqathango ngaphandle kokuyifunda: kulapho uthatha khona isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi idatha osinika yona kwaye ngayiphi injongo.

Kwicala lokuthenga, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhadi lakho kuphela kwiivenkile ezithembekileyo kwaye ujonge uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo (umfanekiso wepadlock kunye ne-https). Ukongeza, yiba nenkqubo elungileyo ye-antivirus kunye ne-firewall eqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko ezi ziyindlela yokuqala yokukhusela ngokuchasene ne-cyberattacks. isoftwe kunye nofikelelo olungagunyaziswanga, ukongeza ishedyuli yokuhlalutya rhoqo kwaye ugcine imisayino ihlaziyiwe.

I-router lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo. Ukutshintsha igama lenethiwekhi kunye neephasiwedi ezingagqibekanga, ukukhubaza ukufikelela kude, ukunciphisa i-UPnP kunye ne-WPS, kunye nokudala inethiwekhi yeendwendwe yomeleza ikhaya elixhunyiwe. Kwaye kwidatha enovakalelo... Iipopu Kwaye kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokucima okukhuselekileyo phambi kokuthengisa okanye ukurisayikilisha izixhobo kubalulekile. Kuphephe ukuvuza kunye nokuba sesichengeni ngokungeyomfuneko.

Impilo: inhlalakahle yengqondo kunye nokulinganisela

Ucoceko lwedijithali olulungileyo lukwakhathalela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ukuseta imida kwixesha lesikrini, ukunqanda ukuthatha ifowuni yakho ebhedini, kunye nokuhlonipha iishedyuli zokujonga i-imeyile okanye imiyalezo kunciphisa uqhagamshelo kunye noxinzelelo. Kuluncedo ukugcina amaxesha athile kumsebenzi ngamnye kunye ukungahlali unamathele kwizaziso zangoko.

Ukuvezwa ngokugqithisileyo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo akunyanzelekanga: awudingi ukwabelana ngomzuzu ngamnye wobomi bakho. Olu xinzelelo 'lwezinto ezithandwayo' zenza buthathaka ubudlelwane bokwenyani kwaye lusikhuphe kwindawo esingqongileyo. Kungcono ukuyilungelelanisa nezinto zokuzonwabisa ezingaphandle kwendawo yedijithali, imisebenzi yomzimba, kunye nexesha elingenasikrini. hlaziya ingqalelo yakho kunye nomoya.

Kutheni le nto kubaluleke kangaka: imingcipheko, impilo, kunye nomxholo wentlalo

Itekhnoloji ingumlingane, kodwa inokuba ngumthuthumbisi ukuba asiyisebenzisi ngobulumko. I-WHO iyaqikelela ukuba Umntu om-1 kwabasi-7 ophakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-19 unengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.Eli nani liyakhula, kwaye i-hyperconnectivity iyenza ibe mandundu. Ngaphaya koko, ubomi bethu babucala buya budibana ngakumbi nesazisi sethu sedijithali, kunye neengozi zeziphumo ukuba amanyathelo okhuseleko ayasilela.

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lomsebenzi olude emva kobhubhani lweza izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kodwa nemingeni emitsha. ESpain, malunga ne-7,5% yabemi abaqeshiweyo basebenza bekude nesiqingatha sosuku lwabo lomsebenzi; olu tshintsho lukhulu luveze iinkampani ezininzi kunye neengcali ubusela beziqinisekiso, ubuqhetseba, kunye noqwalaselo olungakhuselekanga lwasekhayaKwakhona, imikhwa yenza umahluko omkhulu.

Kwaye akukho konke malunga nokhuseleko: iplanethi nayo isengozini. Ukulula esenza kunye nokugcina idatha kusikhokelela ekubeni siqokelele ulwazi olungenamsebenzi esingaluboni nokulubona. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yedatha esiyivelisayo yinkunkuma yedijithali kwaye ayisetyenziswa; le "nkunkuma" engabonakaliyo igcina iinkonzo, i-backups, kunye neeseva ezidla amandla. Kunjalo ngoba, Ucwangco lwedijithali kunye nococeko lukwaluzinzo.

Imikhwa yemihla ngemihla esebenzayo (kwaye ihlala ixesha elide)

Umkhwa wokuqala ulula kwaye unamandla: Sukulala nefowuni yakho ephathekayoUkuphepha ukuyijonga kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba ulale kwaye ekuvukeni kunciphisa igalelo elibi (i-imeyile engalindelekanga okanye umyalezo obangela iingcinga zethu) kwaye usinceda ukuba silale.

Kukwanceda ukucwangcisa imisebenzi yakho yedijithali: ixesha lokubeka i-imeyile, elinye lokuthumela imiyalezo, kunye nelinye leendaba zoluntu. Ukuphendula ngoko nangoko kudala imvakalelo engeyiyo yongxamiseko, xa into esempilweni... sebenza kwiibhloko zengqwalaselaXa usebenza ukude, ukuseta ixesha lokuqala nelokuphela kosuku sesinye isithintelo esibalulekileyo sokuthintela ukwandisa iiyure zakho zokusebenza ungazi.

Ukujongana nesihendo sokwabelana ngayo yonke into, ukumodareyitha ngundoqo: ukwabelana kancinci kunye nengqiqo. Ukuvezwa ngokugqithisileyo kuluntu kukhokelela kuxinezeleko lweemvakalelo nakwiingozi zokhuseleko. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, Jonga imisebenzi ye-analog ukubuyisela ixesha lesikrini: ezemidlalo, ukufunda ephepheni, ukuhamba, umculo ngaphandle kwefowuni ephathwayo… nokuba yintoni na eyona nto ikukhokelela kumhlaba wenyama.

Kwimpilo yomzimba yabasebenzi abakude, i-5-minute ye-puzzle breaks iyure nganye, isitulo se-ergonomic, kunye negajethi ekhusela amajoyina (umzekelo, i-mouse pad enenkxaso) yonke iluncedo. Ezi zizijekulo ezincinci ezithi, kunye, Banqanda ukudinwa kunye nokulimala..

Uluhlu olubalulekileyo lweDijithali yoCoceko

Amagama ayimfihlo anamandla kwaye alawulwa kakuhle

• Inkonzo enye eyahlukileyoSukuphinda uyisebenzise enye kwiiakhawunti ezininzi.
• Ukutshintsha kwexesha yeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa iimpembelelo ukuba zithe zavuza.
• Ubuncinci ubude beempawu ezili-12 kunye ngokugqibeleleyo ngakumbi, ukudibanisa oonobumba abakhulu, oonobumba abancinane, amanani kunye iisimboli.
• Ziphephe iipateni ezicacileyo (1234, 1111) kunye nolwazi oluqikelelwayo ngokulula olufana nomhla wokuzalwa okanye igama lesilwanyana.
• Guqula amagama ayimfihlo asisiseko kwi-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT) izixhobo.
• Musa ukubabonisa ngokubonakalayo okanye wabelane ngazo; ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa umphathi wegama eligqithisiweyo ukuzivelisa nokuzigcina.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi (MFA)

• Khusela ii-akhawunti eziphambili ezifana ne-imeyile, imidiya yoluntu, okanye ibhanki kunye ne-MFA, ngokusebenzisa iikhowudi okanye ibhayometriki.
• Gcina iikhowudi zokubuyisela i-MFA kumphathi wegama lokugqitha.

I-backups

• Ukugcinwa rhoqo kweefayile ezibalulekileyo kwilifu kunye / okanye kwi hard drive yangaphandle iqhawulwe.

Ubungasese kunye nokuvezwa koluntu

• Musa ukupapasha idatha ebuthathaka (idilesi, inombolo yefowuni, iifoto zabucala okanye iinombolo zekhadi) esidlangalaleni.
• Phonononga kwaye ulungise i Useto lwabucala Kwiintanethi zentlalo.
• Ziphephe iikhweshine kunye nemidlalo efuna ulwazi lobuqu olungeyomfuneko.
• Hlaziya iimvume ezinikezelwe kwi-app nganye; okungaphantsi kuninzi.
• Gcina ikhompyuter yakho kunye nefowuni ephathwayo itshixiwe nge-PIN okanye igama lokugqitha.
• Kuphephe ukuveza idatha yabucala xa usebenzisa iWi-Fi kawonke-wonke; ukuba akukho ndlela yimbi, sebenzisa iVPN.
• Qinisekisa ukuba intengiselwano isebenzisa i-https (isitshixo esibonakalayo).
• Yabelana ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokuba yimfihlo kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo.

Uhlaziyo lwesoftware kunye nokucoca

• Hlaziya izicelo, iibhrawuza, iinkqubo, kunye ne-firmware rhoqo ukuvala ubuthathaka.
• Vula i uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo xa kunokwenzeka.
• Khipha into ongasayisebenzisiyo ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlaselwa.
• Khuphela usetyenziso kuphela kwimithombo esemthethweni nethembekileyo.

I-router kunye nenethiwekhi yasekhaya

• Guqula igama lenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi (I-SSID) kunye neziqinisekiso ezingagqibekanga.
• Gcina i i-router firmware hlaziywa.
• Khubaza ukufikelela kude, i-UPnP, kunye ne-WPS ukuba ayibalulekanga.
• Yenza inethiwekhi eyahlukileyo yeendwendwe.
• Sebenzisa i-WPA2 okanye i-WPA3 yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ukukhusela itrafikhi.

Ubunjineli bezentlalo kunye namakhonkco omgibe

• Musa ukucofa amakhonkco akrokrisayo okanye uwavule email thandabuza.
• Kuphephe ukukhuphela izinamathiselo ezingalindelekanga nge-imeyile okanye ngeSMS.
• Zilumkele iintengiso ezithembisa imali, amabhaso, okanye izaphulelo ezimangalisayo.

I-firewall kunye ne-antivirus

• Sebenzisa i-firewall ukuvala ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwi-Intanethi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba i-firewall iqwalaselwe kakuhle.
• Faka isoftware ye-antivirus esemgangathweni, yigcine ihlaziywa, kunye neshedyuli yokuskena.

Khusela ufihlo kunye nokucima

• Fihla iilaptopsiipilisi, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iidrive ezisusekayo, ii-backups kunye ukugcinwa kwilifu elineenkcukacha ezibuthathaka.
• Phambi kokuthengisa okanye ukurisayikilisha isixhobo, coca ngokukhuselekileyo idiski: ukususa iifayile akwanelanga; kufuneka kwakhona... ifomathi kwaye ubhale ngaphezulu.

Umsebenzi okude kunye nekhaya elidityanisiweyo: ukhuseleko kunye nempilo

Kumsebenzi okude, indawo yokusebenzela itshintshela kwigumbi lokuhlala. Oku kufuna Ziphephe iinethiwekhi zoluntu ezivulekileyoQhagamshela kwinkampani ngeVPN kwaye usebenzise igama eliyimfihlo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-MFA kuzo zonke iiakhawunti zeshishini.

Izixhobo zasekhaya ezixhunyiwe (umncedisi wezwi, i-console yomdlalo, i-robot vacuum) kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo: iiphasiwedi ezizodwa, i-firmware ehlaziyiweyo, kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi eyedwa. Rhoqo, utshintsho olulula lwegama lomsebenzisi kunye ikhubaza iinketho ezingeyomfuneko ziphephe izinto ezimangalisayo.

Kwaye akukho konke malunga ne-cybersecurity: ukugcina imveliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ucwangcise ikhefu lemizuzu emi-5 ngeyure nganye, ubeke ingqalelo kwi-ergonomics ngesitulo esifanelekileyo kunye neenkxaso ezikhusela izihlahla zakho kunye nomva. Injongo kukugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuncama impilo.

Ukucoceka kokulala kwe-elektroniki

Umgangatho wethu wokulala uyachaphazeleka xa sichitha ixesha lokugqibela losuku sitsiba ukusuka kwi-app ukuya kwi-app. Indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-e-hygiene iphakamisa ukubeka izikrini kunye Cima i-Wi-Fi ubuncinane iyure ngaphambi kokuba ulale, into enceda ukuqhawula ingqondo kunye nokuhlonipha izingqisho zokulala.

Ukuba awukwazi ukuziphepha kwangaphambili, vula izihluzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iindlela zasebusuku ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo. Nangona kunjalo, owona mlinganiselo ungcono gcina igumbi lokulala libe yindawo engenabuchwephesha, ngaphandle kweefowuni eziphathwayo okanye iipilisi, ukukhuthaza indawo yokuphumla ngokwenene.

Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-melatonin kwaye kuphazamise iwotshi yebhayoloji; ke ngoko, ukungacoceki kwe-elektroniki kunokubangela ubunzima bokulala, ukuvuka ebusuku, kunye nokudinwa xa uvuka. Ngemikhwa emihle, ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho wokulala uphucula. umgangatho wokulala ebusuku.

Ulungelelwaniso lwedijithali kunye nozinzo: ingxolo encinci, indawo encinci yeenyawo

Kwilizwe ledijithali, izinto "azithathi ndawo" kwaye izixhobo zinomthamo onyukayo, ngoko siqokelela ngaphandle kwesihluzi. Ngaphaya koko, amava awakhuphisani: ukudala kunye nokugcina kufuna phantse naluphi na umzamo. Siphulukana nomkhwa wokulahla izinto ezingenaxabiso.

Ingxaki kukuba le ngxaki inamandla okungabonakali. Asiboni isiphithiphithi njengoko besiya kwigumbi elimdaka, kodwa likhona kwaye linobunzima obuninzi: iyacotha izixhoboOku kwenza nzima uphendlo kwaye kwandisa ukukhutshwa kogcino kunye nokukopa. Uninzi lwezinto esizigcinayo yinkunkuma yedijithali ekungekho mntu uya kuyisebenzisa; ke ngoko, cwangcisa ukucoca rhoqo (iifayile, iifoto, ii-apps, ii-imeyile) zibaluleke njengokuhlaziya.

Cinga nje njengokugcinwa kwemoto: ukuba kwenziwa ngexesha, inkqubo isebenza kakuhle, ingozi iyancipha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuyancipha. Izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neeprofayili ezihlaziyiweyo ziimpawu... indawo encinci yokuhlaselwa kunye nefuthe elincinci lokusingqongileyo.

Izixhobo kunye neendlela ezingcono ezenza ubomi bube lula

Umphathi wephasiwedi ususa isizathu sokungakwazi ukukhumbula iimpawu ezinzima; kudityaniswe nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi (iikhowudi ezivela kwi-app okanye i-biometrics), ukhuseleko lunyuka iinotshi ezininziIkhaphe kunye nohlaziyo oluzenzekelayo lweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokuvala ubuthathaka ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iipetshi zikhutshwe.

I-firewalls ilawula i-traffic kwaye ivimbela ukufikelela okungafunekiyo; Isoftware ye-antivirus ethembekileyo ichonga kwaye isuse i-malware ukuba kukho nantoni na etyhutyhayo. Cwangcisa iskena sesiqhelo kwaye ujonge izilumkiso; kwakhona, jongana nezikhokelo ze Fumana ukuba isixhobo sakho Android igqekeziweKwaye ukuba uza kulahla isixhobo, sebenzisa isoftware yokucima idatha. ifomathi kwaye ubhale ngaphezulu idiski; ungaze unikezele ngesixhobo esinedatha efumanekayo.

Izikhumbuzi ezincinci ezizenzekelayo (ikhalenda okanye i-app yomsebenzi efana ukuba nombonoEzi zixhobo zinceda ukuqinisa inkqubo: ukuskena iintsholongwane rhoqo, ukutshintsha amagama ayimfihlo, ukucoca i-hard drive yakho, ukujonga iimvume, kunye nokwenza ii-backups. Ngokuphindaphinda, ucoceko lwedijithali luyaphucula. iba lisiko kwaye hayi umzamo.

Iintsapho kunye nenkcubeko yokuthintela

Ucoceko lwedijithali lukwayinto efuna ukufundiswa. Kanye njengokuba sifundisa abantwana indlela yokuhlamba amazinyo, luluvo olulungileyo ukuseka imikhwa elungileyo yococeko ekhaya. izikhokelo zokusebenzisa uxanduva Itekhnoloji enabantwana kunye nolutsha: ixesha lesikrini, ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo, ukungabelani ngedatha, kunye nokucela uncedo ngemiyalezo engaqhelekanga okanye amakhonkco.

Kukho amanyathelo okuqala kunye novavanyo olusivumela ukuba sihlole ukuba sisebenzisa iteknoloji ngokuthembekileyo kwaye sichonge iindawo ekufuneka siziphucule. Into ebalulekileyo kukuthetha, ukuvumelana, kunye nokuxhasana: inkcubeko ekwabelwana ngayo phakathi kweentsapho, phakathi kwezihlobo, okanye emsebenzini iphinda-phinda isiphumo izenzo ezilungileyo.

Ukwenza ucoceko lwedijithali umkhwa oqhubekayo kuzisa ukhuseleko, inhlalakahle, kunye nomyalelo: iiphasiwedi ezinamandla kunye ne-MFA, ukuhlaziywa kunye ne-backups, ii-routers ezilungiswe kakuhle kunye namanethiwekhi, ubumfihlo obuphantsi kolawulo, ingxolo encinci kunye nokulala okungcono, kunye neliso kwimpembelelo yendalo; ngeso siseko, Ubomi bakho be-intanethi bukhuseleka, bube sempilweni, kwaye buzinze ngakumbi..