Ubushushu obugqibeleleyo be-ambient kunye ne-RH yeekhompyuter: isikhokelo esipheleleyo

Ukuba unexhala malunga nokuba kushushu okanye kubanda kangakanani igumbi kufuneka iPC yakho, ilaptop, okanye iseva iqhube kakuhle, ufike kwindawo elungileyo. Ubushushu be-Ambient kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo (RH) kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo, ukusebenza, kunye nobomi yaso nasiphi na isixhobo sekhompyuter, ukusuka kwikhompyuter yokudlala ukuya kwiziko ledatha elinoxinaniso oluphezulu.

Ngaphaya kwesiqhelo "sokongeza abalandeli abaninzi", okusingqongileyo kuyayalela: Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kunciphisa ukuthoba, kuthintela ukubola, okanye i-ascargas i-electrostatic kwaye inqanda ukuvalwa okungalindelekangaApha ngezantsi uya kufumana uluhlu olucetyiswayo, imida ngokwecandelo ngalinye, indlela yokulinganisa nokubeka iliso kwimozulu, kunye neendlela zokupholisa nokuhamba komoya ezenza umahluko ngokwenene.

Ubushushu be-Ambient kunye ne-RH: yintoni na kwaye kutheni zibalulekile

Xa sithetha ngemozulu yezixhobo zekhompyuter, sibhekisa kwizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ubushushu bomoya wegumbi kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayoIqondo lobushushu limisela "umcamelo" oshushu apho ubushushu butshona kunye neefeni ziya kusebenza, ngelixa ukufuma okuhambelanayo kuchaphazela umngcipheko ukujiya (ukuba kuphezulu) kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic okanye i-ESD (ukuba iphantsi).

Ezi ziguquguqukayo azithathi indawo yokupholisa okulungileyo kwisixhobo, kodwa ziyayiququzelela. Ukuba okusingqongileyo kulungile, iinkqubo zokukhusela ukushisa zingena kudlala kancinci.Ingqibelelo yesignali igcinwa kwaye amacandelo asebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lwazo loyilo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubomi babo.

Izindululo zobushushu obuphakathi (ekhaya, iofisi kunye namaziko edatha)

Kumagumbi ekhompyuter kunye namagumbi onxibelelwano, umgaqo owamkelwe ngokubanzi kushishino kukugcina 20–24 °C (68–75 °F) njengolona luhlu lufanelekileyoLo mda ubonelela ngokhuseleko kwimeko apho umoya wokupholisa umoya ungaphumeleli kwaye ukwanceda ukugcina amanqanaba okufuma ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo.

Ngokwenza oko, Izixhobo akufanele zisetyenziswe kumagumbi angaphezulu kwe-30 °C (85 °F)Ngaphezulu kwalo mda, ukuthembeka Iyehla, abalandeli basebenza kumda wabo, iitshiphusi zisondela "ukutshixa" kwaye umngcipheko wokuvalwa okungalindelekanga uyanda.

Kumaziko edatha, ireferensi yi-ASHRAE yezikhokelo ze-thermal kwi-inlet yomncedisi: 18–27 °C njengoko kucetyiswa kunye ne-15–32 °C njengoko kuvumelekileKwiindawo ezinoxinano oluphezulu (umzekelo, iiblades), i Ubushushu obucetyiswayo buyancipha ukuya kwi-18–22 °C kunye nenye evunyelwe kwi-5-25 ° C, kuba ukugxininiswa kobushushu kuphezulu kwaye ukunyamezela okusebenzayo kuncinci.

Kubalulekile: i Ubushushu be-Ambient abusoloko bubonisa oko umncedisi anqwenela ukukubona.Ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nobuninzi, ubushushu bomoya kwi-corridor bunokuba ngamadigri amaninzi ngaphezu komyinge wegumbi. Ukulinganisa kumphakamo wokungenwa kwesixhobo kunye nobude obahlukeneyo ecaleni kwepaseji ibonelela ngovavanyo lokwenene lomngcipheko.

Okufanelekileyo ukufuma kwesalamane kunye nemigubasi yokulumkisa

I-RH ilinganisa ukuba kungakanani ukufuma okusemoyeni xa kuthelekiswa nobona buninzi obunokubuqulatha kobo bushushu. Ukugcina phakathi kwama-45% kunye nama-55% yeyona ndawo imnandi. ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, umngcipheko ngu ukujiya kunye nomhlwaNgezantsi, bayanda ukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic oko kungonakalisa iitshiphusi kunye neenkumbulo.

Ukubeka iliso kwangaphambili, oku kulandelayo kuyacetyiswa: izilumkiso zakwangoko kwi-40% kunye ne-60% ye-HR, kwaye izilumkiso ezibalulekileyo kwi-30% kunye ne-70%Ukulawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma kunye kubalulekile kuba I-RH ixhomekeke kubushushuUkuba igumbi liyatshisa, i-RH esebenzayo iyatshintsha kwaye inokuphuma kuluhlu.

Imida yobushushu ngecandelo ngalinye: CPU, GPU, disks, PSU, RAM kunye motherboard

Ngaphandle kwe-ambience, igumbi ngalinye linesilingi yalo ye-thermal. Ukugqithisa i-thresholds kubangela ukubethelwa okanye ukuvalwa kokukhuselakungekhona ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphathekayo ziyahlukana ngelo xesha, kodwa ukukhusela umonakalo oqhubekayo.

I-CPU (i-Intel kunye ne-AMD processors)

Kwiiprosesa zangoku, Intel ibeka umda malunga ne-100 °Cngexesha I-AMD imisela ubuninzi obuqhelekileyo ku ~ 95 °CUkusetyenziswa okunyanzelisayo, kunengqiqo ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwaloo mida, ngokufanelekileyo ≤ 80 °C kwi-Intel kunye ≤ 70 °C kwi-AMD kwimiba ezinzileyo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba i-AMD's boost algorithms yonyusa i-frequency kunye ne-voltage ukuba kukho i-thermal headroom, enokukubuyisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi- ~ 70 ° C kunye nokusebenza ngakumbi.

Njengomthetho owongezelelweyo okhawulezayo: ekusebenziseni okuqhelekileyo baqwalaselwa 30–40 °C xa uphumle kunye ne-60–70 °C xa ugcwele njengesiqhelo; kwimidlalo kunye nokuhlelwa okunzima, 70-80 ° C Yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile. Ziphephe iincopho ezingaphezulu kwama-90°C kwaye iyasebenza ukuba igcinwe ngendlela ezinzileyo.

GPU (amakhadi emizobo)

Amakhadi emizobo asebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunee-CPU. Amaxabiso e-80–85 °C ngexesha lokudlala aqhelekileNjengenjongo yokhuseleko, zama ukungadluli ~100 °C kuluvo lwangaphakathinangona ezinye iimodeli ze-AMD zinyamezela kancinci kunoko NVIDIA. I I-backplate inokufikelela kwi-60-70 °C, ngokwaneleyo ukukutshisa kwi-touch ngaphandle kokuba yingxaki yokwenene.

Ugcino (HDD kunye ne-SSD)

• HDD 3,5″: ithagethi ≤ 60 °C
• HDD 2,5″: ithagethi ≤ 70 °C
• 2,5″ SSD: ithagethi ≤ 70 °C
• SSD mSATA: ithagethi ≤ 70 °C
• M.2 I-SSD: ithagethi ≤ 80 °C

Ii-SSD, nangona zingenazo iinxalenye zoomatshini, baba shushu kakhulu Kwaye bahlala bexabisa i-heatsink. Kwiimeko kunye IipopuNika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiM.2 drives kufutshane neGPU okanye VRM.

Ubonelelo lwaMandla (PSU)

Ukusebenza kwe-PSU kuncipha ngobushushu. Ukusebenza malunga nama-40°C kokona kulungileyo., ukuphawula 50 °C njengesilingi ekujoliswe kuyoIzibonelelo zamandla ezikumgangatho ophezulu zichitha ubushushu ngcono kwaye zikholisa ukwenza ukhuseleko lusebenze ngokuchanekileyo.

I-RAM kunye ne-motherboard (i-chipset kunye ne-VRM)

La I-RAM iqala ukuba neengxaki ezingaphezu kwe-50 °C (ukuphazamiseka, iimpazamo), kunye nokujikeleza 81 °C inokubangela umonakaloNgokuphathelele kwipleyiti, chipsets ngaphezulu kwe 70 °C Basenokuvelisa ukungazinzi, kunye ne owona mlinganiselo uphezulu oqhelekileyo ~95 °CKwi-VRM, uyilo lunyamezela ngakumbi: amaxabiso aqhelekileyo we ~130 °C kunye neencopho ukuya kwi-160 °CNangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuhlala kude naloo manani kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

"Kushushu kakhulu" akusoloko "kushushu kakhulu"

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abalandeli bakhawuleze kwaye benze ingxolo phantsi komthwalo; yiloo nto iPWM eyenzelwe yona. Inyani yokuba i-heatsink itshisa ishushu ekubambeni ayithethi ukuba yingozi.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ziinzwa zangaphakathi kunye nemibundu yomenzi. Ukuba umda ugqithisiwe, isixhobo sinciphisa ukusebenza okanye sivale ukuzikhusela.

Ephathekayo: uluhlu oluyinyani kunye neempawu ze-alam

Kwiilaptops, i-chassis edibeneyo ithande ukubambisa ubushushu. Kuqhelekile ukubona 50–70 °C ekusetyenzisweni kokukhanya (khangela, ividiyo) kunye 70-80 ° C ngemidlalo okanye ukuhlela. Logama nje zingagqithwanga ~80 °C uzinzile Imeko iqhelekile; nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuthatha inyathelo.

Iimpawu zokushisa kwi-laptop zibandakanya ukuvalwa ngequbuliso, ukusebenza okubonakalayo kuyehla kunye nabalandeli bebaleka ngesantya esiphezulu rhoqo. Uthuli kwiintunja, intlama ye-thermal eyomileyo okanye ukubeka izixhobo kwiindawo ezithambileyo zihlala ngasemva.

Indlela yokulinganisa kunye nokubeka iliso: izixhobo, izinzwa kunye nezenzo ezingcono

IiPC kunye neelaptops, zakudala ezifana HWMonitor, Core Temp okanye MSI Afterburner Banikezela ngokufunda okuthembekileyo kwe-CPU, i-GPU, kunye nobushushu bediski. I-BIOS / UEFI ikwabonisa amaqondo obushushu, nangona Ayifanelekanga ukurekhoda iincopho phantsi komthwalo wangempelaQinisekisa ukuba i-monitor ilula ukunqanda ukongeza umthwalo wobushushu.

Un Ithemometha ye-infrared Ikhamera ye-thermal okanye esinye isixhobo sikuvumela ukuba ubone iindawo ezishushu ngaphandle kokuzichukumisa. Inzuzo kukuba ilinganisa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-CPU. ukurekhoda iintsingiselo kunye nokuchonga iindawo ezimileyo Kwimeko okanye kwi-rack. Kuluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukuhamba komoya kuyasebenza njengoko kufanele.

Kumaziko edatha kunye namagumbi ekhompyutheni, indlela iyatshintsha: ibeka Iinzwa ze-PoE lobushushu rhoqo ~7–8 m (25 ft) kwipaseji nganye kunye nokuphakama okwahlukeneyo ukubamba i-thermal stratification. Izinzwa phezulu kwirekhi nganye Balumkisa phambi kokuba ukunyuka kobushushu kubeke esichengeni izixhobo ezibalulekileyo.

Qwalasela imida kunye nezaziso. Izilumkiso zakwangoko zithintela ukuwela kwiindawo eziyingoziKwi-HR, khumbula amanyathelo angama-40/60% (isilumkiso) kunye nama-30/70% (abalulekileyo); kwiqondo lobushushu le-ambient, uyilo lunyathele izilumkiso phambi kokufikelela kuma-27–30 °C.

Ukuhamba komoya: uyilo kwimeko nakwiziko ledatha

Ngaphandle kokuhamba kakuhle komoya, ukupholisa kuya kuthinteleka kakhulu. Kwinqaba, eyona nto ifanelekileyo ngaphambili / ezantsi umoya omtsha kunye nokuphuma ngasemva / ngaphezuluLungiselela iintambo zokucoca indlela, ucoce izihluzi, kwaye ulungelelanise iifeni ukuze zisebenze kwicala elinye.

Kumaziko edatha, ebandayo / eshushu isiqulatho sepaseji Yahlula imisinga yomoya kwaye inqande ukuxubana okutshabalalisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ivala izikhewu kwii-racks, inyanzela umoya ukusuka kumgangatho ophakanyisiweyo ukuya kwii-aisles ezibandayo, kwaye Sebenzisa i-grille yokukhupha phezu kweepaseji ezishushu ukwalathisa imbuyekezo.

Ukongeza, kunciphisa i umoya wokudlula kunye nezinto zokufaka i-bulkhead kunye neewasha kumgangatho ophakamileyo. Ukuyigcina ingavuzi kwaye ithintele kwandisa umthamo okhoyo wokupholisa kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Indawo nayo ibalulekile. Kuphephe ukuvalela inqaba kwi-niche yedesika, ungayibeki ecaleni kweeradiyetha okanye kwilanga elithe ngqo, kwaye Vumela "ukuphefumula" ngamacala acacileyoKumagumbi amancinci okanye ashushu, i-air conditioning yenza wonke umehluko.

Iindlela zokupholisa: ukusuka emoyeni ukuya kulwelo (nangaphaya)

Kwiikhompyuter zasekhaya, phucula i-CPU heatsink, phinda usebenzise intlama ye-thermal Ibhodi yomama esemgangathweni kunye neefeni ezibekwe kakuhle zihlala zicombulula iingxaki ezininzi. Kumakhadi emizobo, coca uthuli rhoqo; ukuba ityala lakho liyakuvumela, cinga ukongeza abalandeli ukuba... yondla umoya omtsha ngqo kwiGPU.

Kwiilaptops, sebenzisa iziseko zokupholisaPhakamisa ipaneli yangasemva ukuze uphucule ukuhamba komoya kunye nokugcina i-vents. Ukuba unamava, ukutshintsha i-thermal paste kwi-CPU/GPU yelaptop endala kunokuphucula ubushushu bayo ngamadigri amaninzi.

KwiCPD, kukho uluhlu olubanzi: free ukupholisa (sebenzisa umoya obandayo/amanzi angaphandle), ukufuma ukufuma ukulawula i-HR kunye nokubonelela ngesakhono sokupholisa, kunye ifriji ye-adiabatic epholisa umoya ngokwenza amanzi abe ngumphunga ngobuchule obuphezulu bamanzi.

Xa kungekho moya waneleyo, i ifriji engamanzi uyadlala. Ukusuka kwizisombululo zerack ukuya ukuntywiliselwa kulwelo lwedielectric o ngqo kwitshiphuUlwelo lunokuba ngamashumi okanye amawaka amaxesha asebenzayo ngakumbi ekugqithiseni ubushushu kunomoya. Kwiiracks ezixineneyo, ayithembekanga kuphela, Yandisa uzinzo kunye noxinaniso ngesakhelo ngasinye.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nomngcipheko wokusebenza

Kwiziko ledatha, nokuba Malunga nama-50% osetyenziso lulonke lunokuya kwisikhenkcisiUkuphucula imozulu kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi kunciphisa iindleko kunye neenyawo. I-PUE (i-Power Use Effectiveness) imetric inxulumanisa amandla ewonke esayithi kumandla asetyenziswa yi-IT: Ukusondela kwi-1, ngcono ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla amancinci achithwa kwilahleko kunye nengqele.

Imekobume ayiyonkcukacha zincinci: kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse isinye kwisithathu seziphazamiso bezingalindelekanga Zinxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokusingqongileyo. Ukugcina uluhlu olucetyiswayo kunye nokugcina iliso okuqhubekayo ixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko kokubini kwii-SME nakumaziko amakhulu.

Ukugcinwa kunye nohlengahlengiso kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi

Kukho izenzo ezineempembelelo eziphezulu, ezinexabiso eliphantsi: Uthuli rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 (abalandeli, iiheatsinks, izihluzi, iigrille), qoqosha ikhebhuli kwaye uqinisekise ukuba bonke abalandeli bajikeleza ngokufanelekileyo. Kwi-CPU kunye ne-GPU, Faka kwakhona intlama ye-thermal ukuba iminyaka idlulile okanye ukuba ubona amaqondo obushushu angaqhelekanga.

Ukuba usebenzisa iinkqubo ezifuna kakhulu, nciphisa iincopho ngaxeshanye (umdlalo + umchachazo + ukufakwa kweekhowudi ngaxeshanye) okanye qwalasela CPU/GPU undervolt Ukugcina ukusebenza kunye nobushushu obuncinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwijika le-fan lizinzisa amaqondo obushushu ngaphandle kokunyusa ingxolo.

Kumagumbi ashushu, ncedisa umatshini osuka ngaphandle: Yehlisa ubushushu be-ambient ngeAC okanye umoya onqamlezileyoKhumbula ukuba ngemekobume engcono, i hardware Ayidingi kutyhalelwa kumda kwaye iguge kancinci kancinci.

Isilumkiso esilumkileyo kunye nesicwangciso soluvo

Yila inkqubo ye-alam enenqanaba. Kwiqondo lobushushu, lumkisa phambi kokuchukumisa i-27–30 °C Egumbini; kwi-HR, sebenzisa i-40/60% (isilumkiso) kunye nama-30/70% (abalulekileyo) amanyathelo. Ngale ndlela wenza ngomda kwaye uthintele inkqubo ekubeni igcwale.

Usasaza izixhobo zoluvo ngononophelo: zonke ~ 25 iinyawo ngepaseji nganye, kumphakamo owahlukeneyo nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo, apho ubushushu buqokelelana kuqala. Yongeza ngeemephu zobushushu ngamaxesha athile fumana iipokotho zobushushu kunye neendlela zomoya ezingasebenziyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo: IiPC zokudlala, iidrafti, kunye nokubanda okugqithisileyo

Kwigumbi elinodaka, into ebalulekileyo kukuba umoya awugcwele uthuli okanye umswakama. Ukuhamba okugudileyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kunceda ukutshintshana kobushushu.Kuphephe nje ukwalathisa iijethi zomoya eziphakamisa uthuli kwiindawo ezithathayo ezisebhokisini.

Bungakanani ubushushu obuninzi kakhulu kwiPC yokudlala? Ukuba i ubushushu begumbi budlula ~30 °CUyakufumana kunzima ukugcina i-CPU/GPU yakho ngaphakathi kweendidi ezilungileyo ngaphandle kwengxolo eyongezelelweyo. Zama ukusebenza ngaphakathi 20-24 ° CKwimozulu ebandayo, musa ukuthoba iHR kakhulu kangangokuba umeme i-ESD; gcina ama-45–55% Kwakhona kukunika ukhuseleko ebusika.

Ukuba ubona ukwehla ngequbuliso ekusebenzeni phantsi komthwalo, abalandeli "bebhomboloza," okanye ukuba i-backplate ye-GPU ishushu ekubambeni, Jonga izinzwa zangaphakathi phambi kokuba uphakuzele.Ukuba i-CPU ihlala idlula ~80–90 °C okanye iGPU isondela kumda womenzi, lixesha lokuba... Phucula ukuhamba, ukucoceka, kunye nokuncamathelisakwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yehlisa ubushushu be-ambient.

Inqaku malunga nee-hard drives kunye nee-VRM: ii-HDD azithandi ubushushu obuzinzileyo kunye ne-M.2 drives zinokuthoba ukusebenza xa zishushu. Iheatsink encinci kwi-M.2 Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya uqukuqela kwindawo ye-CPU ii-VRM kwiibhodi zemotherboard zanamhlanje kunciphisa i-spikes kwaye kuzinzisa inkqubo.

Con ubushushu be-ambient 20–24 °C kunye ne-RH 45–55%Kwaye, ukuhamba komoya okungaguqukiyo kunye nezinzwa ze-alam ezibekwe kakuhle, uya kuba nazo Ukusebenza okufanayo, ukumisa okumbalwa, kunye namacandelo ahlala ixesha elide zombini kwidesktop yakho nakwiziko ledatha.