Yintoni i-DDNS: inkcazo, isebenza njani, iyantlukwano kunye nokhuseleko

Ukuba uqhagamshela ukude kwikhaya lakho, lawula umncedisi omncinci, okanye ufuna nje igama elihlala likhomba kwikhompyuter yakho, igama elithi DDNS liya kuba nomdla kakhulu kuwe. El DNS yamandla Xhuma idomeyini kwidilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu nokuba iyatshintsha.Ukuthintela uphendlo oluqhelekileyo lokuba "yintoni i-IP yam ngoku?" ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzisi wakho ekwabela idilesi kwakhona.

Kule migca ilandelayo uya kufumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo esinemizekelo yokwenyani malunga nokuba yintoni na i-DDNS, ihluke njani kwi-DNS "yemveli", isebenza njani emva kwemifanekiso, kwaye yeyiphi inzuzo kunye nobungozi obubandakanyayo. Uya kubona kwakhona iinkonzo ezidumileyo zasimahla, amanyathelo okuseta, kunye necandelo lemibuzo esoloko ibuzwa. ngoko unayo yonke into esandleni kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Yintoni i-DDNS okanye iDNS yeDynamic?

Ngelixa iDNS yemveli inxulumanisa igama lomamkeli kunye nedilesi ye-IP de umntu ayitshintshe, I-DDNS izenzela olu tshintsho kwaye ilindele uhlengahlengiso lwe-IP.Ngaloo ndlela, i-domain ebonelelwa ngezi nkonzo ihlala ikhomba kwindawo eyiyo eyiyo, nokuba umboneleli wakho we-Intanethi uhlaziya uxhulumaniso lwakho kwaye akunike idilesi ye-IP yoluntu eyahlukileyo.

Ayisiyonto iza "kwifektri inikwe amandla" kwikhompyuter yakho. I-DDNS inekhontrakthi kwaye iqwalaselwe, ngesiqhelo kwi umzila okanye ngomxhasi omncinci eqhuba ngasemva, kwaye yile "arhente" eyazisa umboneleli we-DDNS wedilesi ye-IP yangoku ukuze ihlaziye irekhodi.

Kutheni iidilesi ze-IP zitshintsha

Kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-intanethi, iidilesi zazihlala zimile kwaye zingatshintshi. Ngokuqhambuka kwezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo, izinzwa kunye neenkonzo, Iidilesi ze-IPv4 ziye zaba ngumthombo onqabileyo nobiza imali eninzi ukuyigcina ngokusisigxinaNangona i-IPv6 yandise isithuba sedilesi, imodeli yolwabiwo eguquguqukayo iphumelele ngenxa yeendleko kunye nokuguquguquka.

Ukulawula le nyaniso, ezininzi iinethiwekhi zisebenzisa i-DHCP (iProtocol yokuLungiselela i-Dynamic Host). I-DHCP igcina i-pool ye-IPs kwaye iqeshise ixesha elithile.Xa isixhobo sidibanisa, sithatha idilesi entsha, kwaye xa iqhawula okanye ikhefu liphelelwa lixesha, idilesi ye-IP ijikeleza kwakhona kwesinye isixhobo.

Esi sixhobo sithetha ukuba ikhaya elinye okanye uqhagamshelo lweofisi luyakwazi ukubona idilesi ye-IP yoluntu ihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile okanye ngokungalindelekanga. Ukuba inkonzo yakho ixhomekeke kwidilesi ethile ye-IP, oko kuguquguquka kunqamla ukufikelela, kwaphula udityaniso, kwaye kunyanzelise utshintsho olwenziwa ngesandla. kwiirekhodi zakho zeDNS… ngaphandle kokuba usebenzisa iDDNS.

I-DDNS inceda njani ekusebenzeni

Abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli bahlala bekhowudi yokuphela ngamagama (APIs, iinginginya, iitonela) VPN, iidesktop ezikude). Ukuba irekhodi ye-DNS ayibonakali idilesi ye-IP yangempela, umxhasi uya kuphumelela ukusombulula. kwaye inkonzo iyehla kubasebenzisi. I-DDNS iyayinqanda loo ndawo yokusilela.

Kunye nomxhasi kwi-router yakho okanye isixhobo, Umboneleli we-DDNS uyaziswa ngalo lonke utshintsho lwe-IP kwaye uhlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo ilogi.Nabani na oqhagamshela "your-domain.ddns.tld" uya kufikelela kwikhompyuter echanekileyo ngaphandle kokufuna umkhondo wedilesi ye-IP yoluntu ngeli xesha.

Umahluko phakathi kweDNS kunye neDDNS

I-DNS yinkqubo "eguqulela" amagama (umzekelo, nayiphi na i-domain) kwiidilesi zamanani ukuze isikhangeli sakho okanye isicelo sazi apho siya khona. Ngokungagqibekanga, isixhobo sakho sisebenzisa iiseva ze-DNS zomphathi wakho, nangona unokutshintshela kwabanye. ukwenzela ubumfihlo, ukusebenza, okanye ukhetho.

DDNS, kwelinye icala, Lulwandiso olujolise kwiscenario kunye ne-IP eguqukayo.Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umxhasi we-DNS, bobabini basombulula amagama kwii-IPs; Umahluko wangempela uhlala rhoqo kunye nendlela yokuhlaziya iirekhodi: nge-DNS yakudala yenziwa ngesandla kwaye kwimeko-nge-case basis; ngeDDNS icwangciswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye rhoqo kakhulu.

Ngamanye amagama, I-DDNS ibona utshintsho lwe-IP kunye nokuhlaziya i-DNS "ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu"ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-domain iyaqhubeka nokukhomba kwiqela elifanayo nokuba amanani atshintshile emva kweemifanekiso.

Isebenza njani iDDNS ngobuchwephesha?

Ingcamango ilula: "i-arhente" (kwi-router okanye kwikhompyutheni kwinethiwekhi) Ikwazisa ngamaxesha athile inkonzo ye-DDNS yedilesi ye-IP yoluntu yangoku.Loo mboneleli uhlaziya iirekhodi ze-DNS ezinxulumene negama lenginginya yakho ukuze, xa isonjululwe, ibuyisele idilesi eyiyo.

Ngokwenkonzo, Itshekhi inokwenziwa ngamaxesha athile (umzekelo, rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24 okanye xa ibona utshintsho)Oku kunokwenziwa mhlawumbi ngesiganeko (ukuba i-router ihlaziya ukuqeshisa kwayo) okanye ngokufikelela ngesandla nge-API. Isiphumo siyafana: irekhodi ye-DNS idityaniswa nedilesi yakho yokwenyani ye-IP.

Kwinqanaba leprotocol, kukho iindlela ezimbini: uhlaziyo olusemgangathweni oluchazwe kwi-RFC 2136 (UHLAZIYO lwe-DNS), ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezidibanisa i-DHCP kunye ne-DNS, kunye nokuphunyezwa kobunikazi okuhlala kungena nge-HTTP/HTTPS ukutshintsha ubhaliso xa kufuneka.

Iintlobo zeDDNS

Into ephambili kuyo nayiphi na i-DDNS kuhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo lwerejista xa i-IP itshintsha. Oku kuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili ekufuneka kwahlulwe:

• I-DDNS esekwe kwimigangatho (RFC 2136): Yandisa iprotocol yeDNS ukuvumela "uHlaziyo lweDynamic". Le yindlela eqhelekileyo xa i-DDNS isebenza ngokubambisana nomncedisi we-DHCP kunye nomncedisi we-DNS ogunyazisiweyo ngaphakathi kwintlangano.
• Umnini weDDNS: Izisombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisebenzisa i-HTTP/HTTPS ezineziqinisekiso zomsebenzisi ukuguqula iirekhodi. Ibonelela ngokuhambelana okubanzi kunye nee-routers kunye nabathengi abancinci.

Izinto ezilungileyo zeDDNS

Xa i-DNS kunye needilesi zitshintsha kumazinga ahlukeneyo, ukungahambelani kubonakala. I-DDNS izenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukufakela kwamalungu kwaye ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezicacileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi:

• Ukuhlalisana kunye ne-DHCP: Ngaphandle kwe-DDNS, ukujikeleza kwe-IP kubangela ukuba iirekhodi ziphelelwe lixesha; ngeDDNS, DHCP kunye neDNS zilungelelanisiwe.
• Ubukho kunye nokufikelela kude: Uqhagamshela ngegama, hayi ngokutshintsha i-IP, ukwenza lula iiVPNs, i-RDP, iiseva zasekhaya, kunye neelebhu.
• Uluhlu oluvunyelweyo ngamagama: Ukugcina uluhlu lwemvume kunye ne-IPs ephathwayo yintlungu; ngeDDNS ungabhekisa kumagama enginginya ahlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Umngcipheko wokusebenza omncinci: Utshintsho lwe-DNS lwe-Manual luthande ukuba neempazamo; ukuzenzela ngokuzenzekelayo konga ixesha kwaye kuthintele ukucima.
• Ukuhambelana kwamafu: Kwilifu, ii-IP zoluntu zinokuhluka; I-DDNS igcina isisombululo esichanekileyo ngaphandle kokugcina iidilesi ezisisigxina.

Imingcipheko kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko

Njengayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji eluncedo, i-DDNS nayo ingasetyenziswa gwenxa. Abahlaseli banokuqwalasela iindawo kunye ne-DDNS ukuhambisa iziseko zabo umyalelo kunye nolawulo phakathi kwe-IPs kunye nokuphepha uluhlu lwabamnyama oluvimba ngedilesi.

Enye i-vector kukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuhlaziya. Ukuba umchasi ufumana ulawulo lomxhasi okanye iziqinisekiso zeDDNS, banokuphinda baqondise i-domain esemthethweni. ibhekisa kumncedisi wobuxoki, owenza ubuqhetseba obujoliswe kuko okanye ubusela besiqinisekiso.

Impendulo ilele ekomelezeni i-DNS layer. Izisombululo zokhuseleko kufuneka zibone ukungena okungalunganga kwaye zikhusele itshaneli ye-DNS / iprotocol kunye nokutyebisa ngobukrelekrele bezoyikiso iindawo ezikrokrisayo, kuquka nezo zisebenzisa iDDNS.

Abanye abavelisi bongeza ulawulo oluthile. Umzekelo, izixhobo zokuzingela isoyikiso ezijolise kwimimandla ekrokrisayo kunye ne-firewall yee-SME ezixhasa i-DDNS ukubiza isango labo kwaye bayenze ifikeleleke nangona utshintsho lwe-IP. Isitshixo kukudibanisa ukubonakala, iibhloko ze-domain-specific-specific, kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuqinileyo kwindlela yokuhlaziya.

Iinkonzo zasimahla kunye nezidumileyo zeDynDNS

Kukho iinketho zasimahla kunye nezihlawulelwayo. Ezo zasimahla zanele kusetyenziso oluninzi lwasekhaya okanye elabhoratriIinketho ezihlawulwayo ziquka ezongezelelweyo, inkxaso, kunye neendawo eziqhelekileyo. Nazi ezona zidumileyo kunye neempawu zazo zokwahlula ngokwamaxwebhu azo:

I-non-IP

I-classic enikezela ngesicwangciso esilinganiselweyo sasimahla kunye namanqanaba ahlawulweyo aneempawu ezingaphezulu. Kukhetho lwasimahla unokwenza ukuya kuthi ga kwigama lomamkeli elinye ye IP yakho eguquguqukayo, kunye nomxhasi wohlaziyo lwe Windows, macOS kunye Linux.

• Ubuninzi babamkeli: 1 kwisicwangciso sasimahla.
• Jonga: Kufuneka uqinisekise igama lomamkeli rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 okanye liya kucinywa.
• SSL/TLS: ayifakwanga kwisicwangciso sasimahla.
• Umxhasi/API: umxhasi okhoyo kwiinkqubo eziphambili.
• Ixabiso lokuqala lentlawulo: ukusuka kwi-$ 1,99 / ngenyanga (i-Enhanced Dynamic DNS) kunye ne-1 hostname kunye nesatifikethi se-DV SSL.

Idada DNS

Kugxilwe kubulula kunye nobumfihlo, Isimahla kwaye isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwi-HTTPSIvumela ukuqinisekiswa ngee-akhawunti zeqela lesithathu (umzekelo, i-GitHub) kwaye inikezela ngee-API zohlaziyo lwesiko.

• Ubuninzi babamkeli: ayichazwanga ngqo; ixhasa iindawo ezininzi.
• Jonga: Ayifuni siqinisekiso sexesha.
• SSL/TLS: Ewe, ijelo le-HTTPS elinesatifikethi se-256-bit.
• Umxhasi/API: I-API iyafumaneka; izikhokelo zamaqonga amaninzi.
• Price: 100% simahla; iminikelo yamkelwe.

Phuma kwi-DNS

Inkonzo yabathengi yeWindows, Linux, kunye ne-macOS. Ikuvumela ukuba udibanise idilesi yakho ye-IP kunye nemimandla yasimahla kwaye ibhengeza ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwezatifikethi ze-SSL zeentsuku ezingama-90.

• Ubuninzi babamkeli: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Jonga: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• SSL/TLS: Izatifikethi zasimahla zisemthethweni kangangeentsuku ezingama-90.
• Umxhasi/API: abathengi kwiinkqubo ezi-3 eziphambili.
• Price: ayichazwanga kuluhlu lwentlawulo.

UDynu

Ibandakanya zombini iinketho zasimahla kunye nezihlawulelwayo. Kwinguqulelo yasimahla ungasebenzisa i-subdomain ye-dynu.com okanye isizinda sakhoUmxhasi uhlaziywa ngasemva ngaphandle "kokumangalisa" imihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha.

• Ubuninzi babamkeli: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Jonga: ayiboniswanga njenge periodic.
• SSL/TLS: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Umxhasi/API: abathengi kumaqonga ahlukeneyo.
• Price: ayichazwanga ngesicwangciso sentlawulo yokungenela.

DNS-O-Matic

Asiyonkonzo yeDDNS ngokwayo, kodwa a i-aggregator engqamanisa iiakhawunti ezininzi zeDDNS ngaxeshanyeOku kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba usebenzisa ngaphezu komboneleli omnye kwaye awufuni ukuhlaziya ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo.

• Ubuninzi babamkeli: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Jonga: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• SSL/TLS: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Umxhasi/API: ayichazwanga ngqo.
• Price: ayichazwanga ngqo.

TshintshaIP

Ngeenketho zamahhala kunye ne-premium, imele ukusebenza kwayo kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo kwizicwangciso ezihlawulwayo. Isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezifunwayo kwaye iqhayisa ngesantya, ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo..

• Ukwalathisa: Inguqulo ehlawulweyo inikezela ngokungenamkhawulo; uguqulelo lwasimahla luyimisela umda kwi CNAME (hayi URL).
• Ukubeka iliso: Isicwangciso seprimiyamu songeza iliso lexesha langempela letrafikhi, isizinda, kunye ne-SSL.
• Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya: ezinye iiparameters kunye nemida engachazwanga kumthombo ekuboniswane ngawo.

Ukumisela inkonzo ye-DDNS: amanyathelo ngokubanzi

Umboneleli ngamnye une-interface yakhe, kodwa ukuhamba kufana kakhulu. Ukulandela olu lwandlalo kuya kwenza kube lula kuwe nakweliphi na iqonga. iyahambelana:

• Fikelela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkonzo oyikhethileyo yeDDNS.
• Yenza i-akhawunti ngolwazi olusisiseko abalucelayo (igama, i-imeyile, igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha).
• Qinisekisa ubhaliso lwakho usebenzisa i-imeyile oza kuyifumana. sebenzisa iakhawunti.
• Ngena kwaye uqinisekise ukuba indawo yolawulo iyayibona idilesi yakho ye IP yangoku.
• Fumana ukhetho loku yenza igama elitsha lomamkeli (umzekelo, “Yenza idilesi entsha yeDynDNS”).
• Khetha igama lenginginya kwaye, ukuba kufanelekile, i izibuko lopapasho (ngokungagqibekanga kuqhelekile ukuba yi-80 yeHTTP).
• Gcina ubumbeko kwaye uqaphele isiphumo se-URL/igama lomamkeli.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukuthatha isigqibo apho uhlaziyo luya kwenzeka. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka usebenzise umzila wakho ukuba umboneleli wakho weDDNS uyayixhasa.Ngaphandle koko, faka umxhasi osemthethweni kwiPC ehlala ivuliwe. Qwalasela igama lomsebenzisi lenkonzo kunye nomqondiso/igama lokugqitha ukuze iqalise ukwazisa utshintsho lwe-IP.

Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo

Nangona ukuthunyelwa kulula, imiqobo inokuvela. Ezi zezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kunye nendlela yokujongana nazo ngaphandle kokuphambana:

• I-NAT ephindwe kabini (ii-router ezimbini ezine-cascade): Ukuba i-ISP yakho ihlohla irutha enye kwaye usebenzisa eyahlukileyo, idilesi ye-IP yoluntu isenokungabi yeyesixhobo sakho. Beka i-router ye-ISP kwi "bridge" okanye "modem" mode, okanye uqwalasele i-DMZ / isango lomzila wakho.
• Izibuko zivaliwe yi-ISP: Abanye ababoneleli bahluza amazibuko 80/443 okanye abanye. Yazisa inkonzo kwezinye izibuko ezifana ne-8080 okanye i-8443 kwaye uyigqithisele kumzila wakho. Jonga amazibuko avulekileyo.
• Umxhasi wohlaziyo akadibanisi: Jonga i-firewall ye-PC/irutha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayivaleli i-traffic ephumayo ukuya kwimimandla yababoneleli be-DDNS. Kwakhona khangela iziqinisekiso okanye uphawu kunye nohlaziyo rhoqo.
• Imposiso 911 kwiNo-IP: Oku kubonisa uhlaziyo oluninzi ngexesha elifutshane. Nciphisa isithuba sokujonga okanye uyivule. Hlaziya kuphela xa ubhaqa utshintsho lwe-IP lokwenyani.

I-DDNS ifanelekile apho ii-IPs zingatshintshi: Izenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhambelana kwamagama kunye needilesi, yenza lula ukufikelela kude, kwaye inciphisa imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo.Qaphela imingcipheko (ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngabahlaseli kunye nokuthunjwa kwendlela yokuhlaziya), sebenzisa iindlela ezilungileyo zenethiwekhi kwaye uthembele kumnikezeli othembekileyo; ngaloo nto, uya kuba negama elizinzileyo elihlala likusa ekhaya, kwiofisi yakho okanye kwinkonzo yakho yelifu ngaphandle kwedrama.