Uyitshintsha njani iWindows Boot Manager yemenyu yokuqalisa ukukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza

Amaxesha amaninzi, abo kuthi banayo ngaphezulu kwenkqubo enye yokusebenza efakiweyo Kwikhompyuter yethu, kufuneka sithathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi esinokuqalisa ngayo ngokungagqibekanga okanye ngokulula sihlengahlengise imenyu yokuqalisa. Ukulungisa le menyu akusigcini nje ixesha kuphela ngalo lonke ixesha sivula ikhompyuter, kodwa kukwathintela iintloko ezinokuthi zibe kho ukuba sifuna ukugcina ulawulo lokuqalisa kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo zethu.

Ngethamsanqa, zombini iiWindows kunye neLinux zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zoku lawula imenyu yokuqalisa, ukusuka kwiindlela ezilula kubasebenzisi abanamava angaphantsi ukuya kwizinto eziluncedo eziqhubela phambili kwabo bafuna ukwenza zonke iinkcukacha. Apha ngezantsi, ndiza kuchaza ngokucacileyo nangenkcukacha zonke iinketho zokulawula kunye nokuguqula imenyu yokuqalisa, kubandakanya iimpawu eziphambili, izinto eziluncedo zangaphandle, kunye noqwalaselo olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko.

Yintoni iMenu yokuQalisa (Umphathi wokuQalisa) kwaye yeyantoni?

El Imenyu yokuqalisa Yindawo yokuqala yokukhangela ebonakala xa uvula ikhompyuter ezininzi iinkqubo zokusebenza ifakiwe. Ukusuka apho, unokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo oza kuyiqala ngayo okanye uyeke ikhompyuter iqale ngokuzenzekelayo ngokungagqibekanga. Kwi-Windows, lo mphathi ubizwa Windows Boot Manager, ngelixa kwiLinux eyona isetyenziswayo yi GRUBZombini zibalulekile kwabo kuthi basebenzisa i-boot ezimbini okanye bafuna ukwenza imisebenzi yolondolozo okanye yokubuyisela.

Iinketho zomthonyama zokuhlela imenyu yokuqalisa kwiWindows

IiWindows zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuguqula iodolo yesiqalo kunye namangeno akhoyo kuMphathi weBoot. Kuxhomekeke kuguqulelo lweWindows oyisebenzisayo, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka Useto lwenkqubo oluphambili kwizinto eziluncedo kwi-intanethi ye imiyalelo.

1. Useto lwenkqubo ephucukileyo

Enye yeendlela ezifikelelekayo zokulawula amangeniso e-boot kukusebenzisa i Useto lwenkqubo oluphambili. Ukufikelela:

1. Ufuna "Useto lwenkqubo oluphambili» kwi-injini yokukhangela yeWindows.
2. Cofa kwinketho kunye nokufikelela Ukuqala kunye nokululama.
3. Apho ungakhetha ukuba yeyiphi kwiisistim ezakuvela njengokungagqibekanga kwaye ulungelelanise ixesha ukulinda ngaphambi kokuqala ngokuzenzekelayo.

Inzuzo: Iyakhawuleza, imizobo, inomngcipheko ophantsi weempazamo, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe zombini inkqubo engagqibekanga kunye nexesha lokukhetha enye inkqubo kwisiqalo ngasinye. Ukutshintsha ixesha lokuvala, ungabonisana Uyitshintsha njani imenyu yokuqalisa ixesha lokuphuma kwiWindows kunye neLinux.

2. into eluncedo ye-msconfig

Enye indlela elula ngumyalelo msconfig, enika ufikelelo kujongano olubonakalayo lokulawula iinketho zokuqala:

1. Vula imenyu yokubaleka nge Yinqoba + R kwaye ungene msconfig.
2. Kwiphepha I-Boot Uya kubona zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ezichongiweyo.
3. Khetha isixokelelwano ofuna ukuseta njengemiyo okanye cima amangeniso ongasawasebenzisiyo.

Inqaku elibalulekileyoNgaphambi kokuba ucime amangeniso, qiniseka ukuba awuyi kwenza ukuba ikhomputer yakho ingasebenzi, ngakumbi ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi ehambelana neyiphi inkqubo yokusebenza.

3. Guqula i-boot kwiinketho eziphambili zeWindows

Kuyenzeka ukuba utshintshe indlela yokusebenza engagqibekanga ngokuthe ngqo kwimenyu yokuqalisa:

1. Qala kwakhona iPC yakho ngokubamba phantsi isitshixo ukutshintsha kwaye ucofe Qalisa kwakhona.
2. Kwimenyu eluhlaza khetha Sebenzisa enye inkqubo yokusebenza, emva koko ukhethe Guqula amaxabiso amiselweyo kwaye apho ungakhetha indlela yokusebenza engagqibekanga okanye uguqule ixesha lokuphuma. Ukufunda ukwenza oku, ungandwendwela.

Olu khetho luluncedo ngakumbi ukuba sele uneenkqubo ezininzi ezidwelisiweyo kwaye ukhetha ukungachukumisi usetyenziso oluphambili.

Uhlengahlengiso olukwinqanaba eliphezulu nge-BCDEdit

Kubasebenzisi abanamava okanye abo bafuna ulawulo olunzulu, BCDEHlela Sisixhobo esisemthethweni seMicrosoft sokuhlela amangeniso oMphathi weBoot:

Yintoni i-BCDEdit?

BCDEHlela Sisixhobo somgca womyalelo esibandakanyiweyo kunye neWindows esikuvumela ukuba ujonge kwaye ulungise amangeniso omlayishi wesiqalo ngobunzulu. Usebenziso lwayo luphantse lube yimfuneko xa ufuna ukongeza inkqubo entsha, ukwenza iinkcazelo ngokusesikweni, okanye ukuguqula ucwangco lwesiqalo ngaphaya kokuvumela ujongano lomzobo.

Imiyalelo ye-BCDEedit eluncedo

• Jonga amangeniso angoku: Vula ifestile isikhawulezisi somyalelo njengomlawuli kwaye uqhube bcdedit. Zonke izichazi zangoku kunye nezicwangciso ziya kuvela.
• Khuphela ungeniso olukhoyo: Ilungele ukwenza ungeno olutsha ngaphandle kokuphulukana noseto lwentsusa.

Umzekelo, ukukopa inkqubo yangoku yokungena kwaye wenze entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi "DebugEntry":

bcdedit /copy {current} /d "DebugEntry"

Inkqubo iya kubuyisela isazisi esisodwa (GUID) phakathi kweebrayisi {}, eya kuba yi-ID yongeniso olutsha.

• Guqula iodolo yokuqalisa: Sebenzisa lo myalelo ukuchaza uluhlu njengoko luya kuvela kwisikrini:

bcdedit /displayorder {current} {id_nueva_entrada}

• Cima amangeniso: Ukucima ungeniso lwemenyu, ungasebenzisa bcdedit /displayorder {id} /remove okanye ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo kwisixokelelwano:
  bcdedit /delete {id}

Nge BCDEedit ungaguqula kancinane iinkcazelo, utshintshe iindlela zomlayishi, okanye ulungise iparameters zesiqalo, nangona kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane. bcdedit /? isishwankathelo sazo zonke iinketho.

Isilumkiso: Ukuguqula i-BCDEdit kufuna iimvume zomlawuli, kwaye eyona mpazamo incinci kwiindlela okanye ii-ID zinokunika inkqubo yakho ingasebenzi. Ungalibazisi ukwenza amanqaku okubuyisela ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na.

Izixhobo zangaphandle zokuguqula i-bootloader: EasyBCD kunye nezinye iindlela

EasyBCD

EasyBCD Yinto yasimahla kwaye eluncedo kakhulu eyenza uqwalaselo lomlayishi we-boot kwi-Windows lula. Ikuvumela ukuba wongeze okanye ususe iinkqubo zokusebenza, uguqule ulandelelwano, wenze amagama afanelekileyo, kwaye, kwinkqubo, unqande iingxaki ezinokuvela xa uhlela BCDEdit. Ilungele abasebenzisi abancinci bobugcisa okanye abo bafuna isantya ngaphandle kweengxaki.

• Unokukhuphela i-EasyBCD kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.
• Ikuvumela ukuba wenze amangeno eWindows, iLinux kunye nemifanekiso ye-ISO.
• Ibandakanya iinketho zokukhubaza okwethutyana amangeno ngaphandle kokuwacima, nto leyo iluncedo kakhulu kuvavanyo okanye ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi.

ElulaUEFI

Esinye isixhobo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, ngakumbi ukuba usebenza kwiikhompyuter ze-UEFI ezivulelekileyo, si ElulaUEFINangona ihlawulwe, inoguqulelo lwesilingo kwaye igqame ngokulula kwayo ekulawuleni izahlulelo, ukukhetha idiski yokuqalisa engagqibekanga, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwexesha lokuvala lokuqalisa, zonke zivela kujongano lomzobo olulungele umsebenzisi.

• Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule amangeno e-UEFI kwiinkqubo ezininzi kunye neediski.
• Ngokukodwa kuluncedo kwabo basoloko betshintsha iidiski okanye basebenzise ubumbeko oluphambili.

Guqula i-odolo ye-boot ukusuka kwi-BIOS/UEFI

Ukongeza kwiinketho ezingentla, ungaguqula ukusuka kwi BIOS o UEFI kwimotherboard yakho yeyiphi idiski okanye isixhobo iPC eqala kuyo. Le ndlela ixhaphakile xa ufuna ukuqala kwi i-USB, idiski entsha okanye wenze ufakelo olucocekileyo lwendlela yokusebenza.

1. Xa uqala ikhompyuter yakho, fikelela kwi-BIOS/UEFI ngokucofa iqhosha elihambelanayo (ngokuqhelekileyo Del, F2, F10, F12 okanye Esc, ngokomenzi).
2. Fumana icandelo yokuMisela o I-Boot.
3. Guqula iodolo ngokutsala idiski efunwayo kwindawo yokuqala usebenzisa i + kunye nezitshixo.
4. Gcina utshintsho (ngokuqhelekileyo nge F10) kwaye uqalise kwakhona.

Guqula imenyu yokuqalisa kwiLinux (GRUB)

Ukuba uneLinux efakwe ecaleni kweWindows, iqhelekile loo nto GRUB yiba ngumlayishi wokuqala wokuqala. I-GRUB ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kuneWindows, njengoko ukongeza kwiinkqubo zokuzibona ngokuzenzekelayo, ikuvumela ukuba uhlele iimenyu, ukuphelelwa lixesha, kunye nenkangeleko. Ukuququzelela olu tshintsho, unokubonisana Ulenza njani igama lenkqubo kwimenyu yokuqalisa.

Ukuhlela iGRUB ngesandla

Uqwalaselo lukwifayile /etc/default/grub (Igama linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi-distro.) Ungayihlela nangawuphi na umhleli wokubhaliweyo, umzekelo:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

• GRUB_DEFAULT: Guqula inombolo ukuseta ukuba loluphi ungeno oluza kuvela njengokungagqibekanga (ukuqala ku-0).
• GRUB_TIMEOUT: Ilungisa inani lemizuzwana eyi-GRUB elindileyo phambi kokuba iqale inkqubo ngokungagqibekanga. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, bona.

Emva kwalo naluphi na utshintsho, baleka sudo update-grub ukuhlaziya imenyu.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zegraphical: Grub Customizer

Ukuba ukhetha ukungachukumisi iifayile ezibhaliweyo, I-Grub Customizer Sisicelo somzobo esivumela:

• Guqula ulandelelwano lweenkqubo ezidwelisiweyo.
• Yithiye ngokutsha amangeniso.
• Cima iinkqubo ongasazisebenzisiyo.

Ukuyifaka, ungasebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo ku-Ubuntu kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo:

sudo apt install grub-customizer

Ukutshintsha nini i-drive okanye i-odolo yokuqalisa?

Guqula idrayivu okanye i-odolo yokuqalisa Kucetyiswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Xa ufaka okanye ufaka kwakhona inkqubo yokusebenza.
• Ukuba ufuna ukuqala kwi-drive yokubuyisela.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-antivirus ezifuna ukuqala ngaphandle kweyona ndlela isebenzayo.
• Ukuba usebenzisa iidrive ezahlukeneyo okanye ii-SSD kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufuna ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi onokuyilayisha.

Lungisa iingxaki zokuqalisa

Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuphucula iiWindows okanye ukufaka iinkqubo ezintsha, unokufumanisa ukuba iGRUB, uMphathi weBoot, okanye akukho mangeno aqale ngokufanelekileyo. Kwezi meko:

IiWindows: Lungisa uMphathi weBoot

• Qalisa kwidiski yokufaka iWindows okanye iUSB.
• Khetha Izixhobo zokulungisa kwaye ufikelele kumyalelo womyalelo.
• Qhuba imiyalelo njenge bootrec /fixboot o bcdboot c:\windows /l es-es /s X: /f all ukwakha kwakhona iifayile zokuqalisa.

Linux: Buyisa kwakhona iGRUB

• Qalisa ngomfanekiso weLinux Live.
• vula enye kwisigxina kwaye ubaleke sudo grub-install /dev/sdX landelwa sudo update-grub ukubuyisela iGRUB.

Iingcebiso zokhuseleko phambi kokuguqula i-boot

• Njalo udala indawo yokubuyisela okanye wenze i-backup phambi kokuba wenze utshintsho olunzulu.
• Qaphela utshintsho olwenziweyo kunye nee-ID zamangenelo abalulekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa i-BCDEdit.
• Kuphephe ukucima amangeniso ongawaziyo ngaphandle kokuphanda kuqala ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko phambi kokuba wenze utshintsho kwi-bootloader ukunqanda iingxaki ezinokunika inkqubo yakho ingasebenzi. Ukugcina ii-backups kunye nokuba nezixhobo zokulungisa esandleni kunokwenza wonke umahluko xa kukho impazamo.