Yakakwana ambient tembiricha uye RH yemakomputa: gwara rakazara

Kana iwe uchinetseka nezvekupisa kana kutonhora kwekamuri inoda kuve yePC yako, laptop, kana server kuti ifambe zvakanaka, wauya panzvimbo chaipo. Ambient tembiricha uye hunyoro hunoenderana (RH) inokonzeresa kugadzikana, kuita, uye hupenyu hurefu yemhando ipi neipi yemakomputa, kubva pakombuta yekutamba kusvika kune yakakwira density data center.

Kupfuura zvakajairwa "wedzera mamwe mafeni", nharaunda inoraira: Iyo yakakodzera tembiricha uye humidity siyana inoderedza kuderera, inodzivirira ngura, kana downloads electrostatic uye inodzivirira kuvharika kusingatarisirwiPazasi iwe unowana mitsara inokurudzirwa, miganho pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, nzira yekuyera nekutarisa mamiriro ekunze, uye nzira dzekutonhodza nekufambisa kwemhepo dzinonyatsoita mutsauko.

Ambient tembiricha uye RH: zvavari uye nei zvichikosha

Kana tichitaura nezve mamiriro ekunze emidziyo yemakomputa, tiri kutaura kune maviri akakosha akasiyana: tembiricha yemhepo yemukamuri uye hunyoro hunoenderanaTembiricha inosarudza "cushion" inopisa mukati umo kupisa kunonyura uye mafeni achashanda, nepo hunyoro hunoenderana nenjodzi condensation (kana yakakwirira) uye electrostatic discharges kana ESD (kana iri pasi).

Aya mavhezheni haatsive kutonhora kwakanaka mumidziyo, asi anogonesa. Kana nharaunda yakanaka, masisitimu ekudzivirira anopisa anopinda mukutamba zvishoma.Kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kunochengetedzwa uye zvikamu zvinoshanda mukati medhizaini yavo pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwavo.

Inokurudzirwa ambient tembiricha siyana (kumba, hofisi uye data nzvimbo)

Kune makamuri emakombuta nemakamuri ekutaurirana, chiyero chinogamuchirwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri ndechekuchengetedza 20–24 °C (68–75 °F) seyakanyanya kunakaIyi margin inopa chengetedzo kana iyo mhepo inofefetera ikatadza uye zvakare inobatsira kuchengetedza humidity mwero mukati memiganho yakachengeteka.

Mukuita, Midziyo haifanirwe kushandirwa mumakamuri anodarika 30 °C (85 °F)Pamusoro pechikumbaridzo icho, kuvimbika Inodonha, mafeni ari kushanda pamuganho wavo, machipi ari kusvika "kudonha," uye njodzi yekuvharwa kusingatarisirwe inowedzera.

Munzvimbo dzedhata, referensi ndiyo ASHRAE nhungamiro yekudziya pane server inlet: 18–27 °C sezvinokurudzirwa uye 15–32 °C sezvinobvumirwaMunzvimbo dzakakwirira-density (semuenzaniso, blades), the Tembiricha inokurudzirwa inodzika kusvika 18–22 °C uye iyo inobvumirwa pa5-25 ° C, nokuti kupisa kwekushisa kwakakwirira uye kushivirira kunoshanda kunoderera.

Chinokosha: the Ambient tembiricha haiwanzo kuratidza izvo sevha iri kushuvira.Zvichienderana nedhizaini uye kuwanda, tembiricha yemhepo mumukoridho inogona kuita madhigirii akati wandei pamusoro peavhareji yekamuri. Kuyera pahurefu hwekupinda kwemidziyo uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana padyo nemukoridho zvinopa kuongororwa kwechokwadi kwenjodzi.

Yakanakira hunyoro hwehukama uye zvikumbaridzo zvekuzivisa

RH inoyera kuti mwando wakawanda sei uri mumhepo kana uchienzaniswa nehupamhi hwaungave nawo patembiricha iyoyo. Kuchengeta pakati pe45% ne55% ndiyo inotapira nzvimbo. nokuda kwekuvimbika uye kushanda. Pamusoro pazvo, njodzi ndeye condensation uye nguraPazasi, vanowedzera electrostatic discharges izvo zvinogona kukuvadza machipisi uye ndangariro.

Kuti utarise proactive, zvinotevera zvinokurudzirwa: yambiro yekutanga pa40% uye 60% HRuye chenjedzo dzakakosha pa30% uye 70%Kudzora tembiricha uye humidity pamwechete kwakakosha nekuti RH inoenderana nekupisaKana imba ichipisa, iyo RH inoshanda inoshanduka uye inogona kubva kunze kwenzvimbo.

Thermal miganhu pachikamu: CPU, GPU, disks, PSU, RAM uye motherboard

Kupfuura ambiance, kamuri imwe neimwe ine yayo yekupisa sirin'i. Kupfuura zvikumbaridzo kunokonzeresa throttling kana kudzivirira kuvharakwete nokuti zvinhu zvinoparara panguva iyoyo, asi kudzivirira kuparara kunofambira mberi.

CPU (Intel uye AMD processors)

Mune mapurosesa emazuva ano, Intel inoisa muganhu kutenderera 100 ° Cpanguva AMD inoisa iyo yakajairika yepamusoro pa ~ 95 °CNekuda kushandiswa, zvine musoro kugara pasi peiyo miganhu, zvakanaka ≤ 80 °C paIntel uye ≤ 70 °C pa AMD mumamiriro ezvinhu akasimba. Ramba uchifunga kuti AMD's boost algorithms inowedzera frequency uye voltage kana paine thermal headroom, izvo zvinogona kukudzosera kumashure kusvika ~ 70 ° C nekuwedzera kuita.

Sekuwedzera mutemo unokurumidza: mukushandiswa kwakafanana ivo vanotariswa 30–40 °C pakuzorora uye 60–70 °C pamutoro wakazara senguva dzose; mumitambo uye kugadzirisa kwakanyanya, 70-80 ° C Zvakajairika uye zvakachengeteka. Dzivisa kukwirira kuri pamusoro pe90°C uye inoshanda kana ikachengetwa nenzira inotsigirwa.

GPU (makadhi emifananidzo)

Makadhi emifananidzo anoshanda pane tembiricha yepamusoro kupfuura CPUs. Hwaro hwe80-85 ° C panguva yemutambo wakajairikaSechinangwa chekuchengetedza, edza kusapfuudza ~ 100 °C muma sensors emukatikunyangwe mamwe mamodhi e AMD anoshivirira zvishoma kupfuura NVIDIA. ari Iyo backplate inogona kusvika 60-70 ° C, zvekukusvira kusvika pakubata pasina iri problem chaiyo.

Kuchengeta (HDD uye SSD)

• 3,5 ″ HDD: chinangwa ≤ 60 °C
• 2,5 ″ HDD: chinangwa ≤ 70 °C
• 2,5 ″ SSD: chinangwa ≤ 70 °C
• mSATA SSD: chinangwa ≤ 70 °C
• M.2 SSD: chinangwa ≤ 80 °C

MaSSD, kunyangwe asina michina zvikamu, vanopisa zvikuru Uye vanowanzofarira heatsink. Muzviitiko uye malaptopNyatsocherechedza madhiraivha eM.2 pedyo neGPU kana VRM.

Power supply unit (PSU)

Kushanda kwePSU kunoderera nekupisa. Kushanda kunosvika 40°C kwakaringana., kutara 50 °C sesirin'i inonangwaMagetsi emhando yepamusoro anobvisa kupisa zvirinani uye anowanzo mutsa dziviriro nemazvo.

RAM uye motherboard (chipset uye VRM)

La RAM inotanga kuva nematambudziko pamusoro pe ~50 °C (kuputsika, kukanganisa), uye kumativi 81 °C inogona kukonzera kukanganisaNezve ndiro, chipsets pamusoro pe70 °C Vanogona kutogadzira kusagadzikana, ne muganho wakajairika we ~ 95 °CMuVRM, dhizaini inoshivirira zvakanyanya: mazita ehunhu hwe ~130 °C nepamusoro pepamusoro kusvika ku160 °CZvisinei, zviri nani kugara kure nenhamba idzodzo sezvinobvira.

"Kupisa kwazvo" hakuwanzo "kupisa"

Zvakajairika kuti mafeni akurumidze uye aite ruzha pasi pemutoro; ndizvo zvakaita PWM. Icho chokwadi chekuti heatsink iri kupisa kupisa kusvika pakubata hairevi njodzi.Chinokosha ndeche sensors dzemukati uye zvikumbaridzo zvemugadziri. Kana muganho ukapfuudzwa, midziyo inoderedza kushanda kana kuvhara kuti izvidzivirire.

Inotakurika: realistic ranges uye alarm masaini

Mumalaptops, iyo compact chassis inowanzobata kupisa. Zvakajairika kuona 50–70 °C mukushandiswa kwechiedza (browser, vhidhiyo) uye 70-80 ° C nemitambo kana kugadzirisa. Chero bedzi vasina kudarika ~80 °C inotsigirwa Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akajairika; zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa kuita chiito.

Zviratidzo zvekupisa zvakanyanya mulaptop zvinosanganisira kudzima kamwe kamwe, kucherechedzwa kwekuita kunodonha uye mafeni achimhanya nekumhanya kwakazara nguva dzose. Guruva mumapombi, pakaoma-out thermal paste kana kuisa midziyo panzvimbo dzakapfava kazhinji kuseri.

Maitiro ekuyera uye kutarisa: maturusi, masensa uye akanakisa maitiro

Kune maPC uye malaptop, makirasi akadai HWMonitor, Core Temp kana MSI Afterburner Ivo vanopa kuverenga kwakavimbika kweCPU, GPU, uye disk tembiricha. Iyo BIOS/UEFI inoratidzawo tembiricha, kunyangwe Izvo hazvina kukodzera kurekodha peaks pasi pemutoro chaiwoIta shuwa kuti iyo monitor haina huremu kudzivirira kuwedzera kupisa mutoro.

Un Infrared thermometer Kamera inodziya kana chimwe chishandiso chinokubvumira kuti uone nzvimbo dzinopisa usingadzibate. Chakanakira ndechekuti inoyera pasina CPU kushandiswa. rekodha mafambiro uye kuona nzvimbo dzekumira Muchiitiko kana rack. Inobatsira kuona kuti mafambiro emhepo ari kushanda sezvaanofanira kuita.

Munzvimbo dzedata uye makamuri emakombuta, nzira inoshanduka: inoisa PoE sensors yetembiricha yega ~ 7-8 m (25 ft) mukoridho yega yega uye zvakare pakureba kwakasiyana kubata thermal stratification. Sensors kumusoro kweraki yega yega Vanoyambira kusati kwakwira kupisa kunokanganisa michina yakakosha.

Gadzirisa zvikumbaridzo uye zviziviso. Yambiro dzekutanga dzinodzivirira kuwira munzvimbo dzine ngoziKune HR, rangarira iyo 40/60% (yambiro) uye 30/70% (yakakosha) matanho; kune ambient tembiricha, dhizaini yakawedzera chenjedzo isati yasvika 27–30 °C.

Kuyerera kwemhepo: dhizaini mune kesi uye munzvimbo yedata

Pasina kufamba kwakanaka kwemhepo, kutonhora kuchakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Mushongwe, iyo yakanaka ndeye kumberi / kudzika kwemweya mutsva uye kumashure / kumusoro kuperaRongedza tambo dzekuchenesa nzira, kuchenesa mafirita, uye kurongedza mafeni kuti vashande nenzira imwe chete.

Munzvimbo dzedata, inotonhora/inopisa nzira yekuchengetera Inoparadzanisa mafungu emhepo uye inodzivirira kusanganiswa kunoparadza kushanda zvakanaka. Inovhara mapeji mumaraki, inomanikidza mhepo kubva pasi yakasimudzwa kuenda mumigero inotonhora, uye Shandisa exhaust grilles pamusoro pemigero inopisa kutungamira kudzoka.

Mukuwedzera, inoderedza air bypass ine mabulkhead fittings uye washer muuriri hwakasimudzwa. Kuichengeta isina kuvuza uye zvipingamupinyi zvinowedzera kuwanikwa kwekutonhodza uye kunoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.

Nzvimbo inokoshawo. Dzivisa kuvharira shongwe mudhesiki niche, usaiise padivi pema radiator kana muchiedza chezuva, uye Rega "kufema" nemativi akajekaMumakamuri madiki kana anopisa, air conditioning inoita mutsauko wese.

Nzira dzekutonhodza: ​​kubva kumhepo kuenda kumvura (uye kupfuura)

Kune makomputa epamba, vandudza iyo CPU heatsink, shandisazve thermal paste Yemhando yepamusoro mamaboard uye mafeni akaiswa zvakanaka anowanzo kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji. Pamakadhi emifananidzo, chenesa guruva nguva dzose; kana nyaya yako ichibvumira, funga kuwedzera mafeni kuti... dyisa mweya mutsva zvakananga kuGPU.

Pamalaptops, shandisa kutonhora mabhesiSimudza pani yekumashure kuti uvandudze kuyerera kwemhepo uye kuchengetedza mavhavha. Kana uine ruzivo, kutsiva thermal paste paCPU/GPU yelaptop yekare inogona kuvandudza tembiricha yayo nemadhigirii akati wandei.

MuCPD, kune huwandu hwakawanda: kutonhora kwemahara (tora mukana wemhepo inotonhora / mvura kubva kunze), evaporative humidification kudzora HR uye kupa kutonhora kugona, uye adiabatic refrigeration iyo inotonhodza mhepo kuburikidza nemvura inoputika nepamusoro pemvura inoshanda.

Kana pasina mhepo yakakwana, the mvura firiji inopinda mukutamba. Kubva pane rack mhinduro kuenda kunyudzwa mune dielectric zvinwiwa o kunanga-ku-chipMvura inogona kuita makumi kana zviuru zvenguva zvakanyanya kushanda pakufambisa kupisa kupfuura mweya. Kune yakakwirira-density racks, haisi kungovimbika chete, Inowedzera kusimba uye density per furemu.

Kushanda kwesimba uye njodzi yekushanda

Munzvimbo yedata, kunyange Inenge 50% yehuwandu hwekushandisa inogona kuenda kune firijiKugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye mafambiro ebasa kunoderedza mitengo uye tsoka. Iyo PUE (Simba Kushandisa Kubudirira) metric inoenderana nesimba rose resaiti kune simba rinoshandiswa neIT: Iyo iri pedyo ne1, zviri nani kushanda zvakanaka uye simba shoma rinoshandiswa pakurasikirwa uye kutonhora.

Zvakatipoteredza hazvisi zvinhu zviduku: zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinoda kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvipingamupinyi zvakanga zvisingafanoonekwi Zvinobatanidzwa nezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Kuchengetedza matunhu anokurudzirwa uye kuenderera kwekutarisa kunochengetedza nguva uye mari zvose mumaSME uye munzvimbo huru.

Maintenance uye kugadzirisa kudzikisa tembiricha

Pane zviito zvakakwirira, zvinodhura: Hupfu mwedzi yese 3-6 (mafani, heatsinks, mafirita, magrille), rongedza cabling uye ona kuti mafeni ese ari kutenderera nemazvo. PaCPU neGPU, Isazve thermal paste kana makore apfuura kana ukaona tembiricha isina kujairika.

Kana iwe ukashandisa zvirongwa zvinonyanya kudiwa, dzikamisa panguva imwe chete yepamusoro (mutambo + kumhanyira + kukodha panguva imwe chete) kana funga CPU/GPU undervolt Kuchengetedza kushanda nekupisa kushoma. Dzimwe nguva, kugadziridza kudiki kune fan curve inodzikamisa tembiricha pasina kuwedzera ruzha.

Mumakamuri anopisa, batsira muchina kubva kunze: Dzikisa tembiricha ye ambient ne AC kana cross ventilationRangarira kuti nenzvimbo iri nani, iyo Hardware Izvo hazvidi kusundidzirwa kusvika kumagumo uye zera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Smart yambiro uye sensor chirongwa

Gadzira tiered alarm system. Nekuda kwekushisa, yambiro usati wabata 27–30 °C Mumba; yeHR, shandisa 40/60% (yambiro) uye 30/70% (yakakosha) matanho. Nenzira iyi unoita nemargin uye kudzivirira iyo system kubva pakuzara.

Govera masensa zvine hungwaru: yega ~ 25 tsoka pamukoto, panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye munzvimbo dzepamusoro rack, uko kupisa kunotanga. Wedzera ne periodic heat mepu zve tsvaga homwe dzekupisa uye nzira dzemhepo dzisingashande.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa: Makombiyuta emitambo, madhiramu, uye kutonhora kwakanyanya

Muimba yakasviba, chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mhepo haina kuzara neguruva kana unyoro. Kuyerera kwakatsetseka uye kunogara kuchiyerera kunobatsira kuchinjanisa kupisa.Ingodzivisa kutungamira jets dzemhepo dzinosimudza huruva kune zvinotora pabhokisi.

Yakawanda sei kupisa yakawandisa kune yekutamba PC? Kana iyo tembiricha yemumba inodarika ~30 °CIwe unozoona zvichinetsa kuchengeta yako CPU/GPU mukati memhando dzakanaka pasina ruzha rwekuwedzera. Edza kushanda mukati 20-24 ° CMumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, usaderedze HR zvakanyanya zvekuti unokoka iyo ESD; chengetedza 45-55% Inokupawo kuchengeteka munguva yechando.

Kana iwe ukaona kamwe kamwe kudonha mukuita pasi pemutoro, mafeni "vachichema," kana kana iyo GPU yekumashure ichipisa kusvika pakubata, Tarisa ma sensors emukati usati wavhunduka.Kana iyo CPU ikaramba ichipfuura ~ 80-90 ° C kana iyo GPU iri pedyo nemugadziri, inguva yeku... Vandudza kuyerera, kuchena, uye kunamirauye, kana zvichidikanwa, dzikisa ambient tembiricha.

Chinyorwa pamusoro pema hard drive uye VRMs: HDDs haifariri kupisa kwakadzikama uye M.2 madhiraivha anogona throttle kushanda kana kwava kupisa. Heatsink diki paM.2 Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inoyerera kuburikidza neCPU nzvimbo maVRM pamabhodhi emazuva ano anoderedza spikes uye inodzikamisa sisitimu.

Con ambient tembiricha 20–24 °C uye RH 45–55%Uyezve, inopindirana kuyerera kwemhepo uye yakanyatsoiswa alarm sensors, iwe uchave unayo Kuita kwakafanana, kumira zvishoma, uye zvikamu zvinogara kwenguva refu zvese padesktop yako uye munzvimbo yedata.