Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokusebenzisa i-SSH kusuka ku-PowerShell: Ukucushwa kanye Nezibonelo Ezisebenzayo

I-Poder xhuma nge-SSH ngokuqondile ku-PowerShell Akusewona umsebenzi obekelwe abaphathi bezokuphatha. Namuhla, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi we-Windows angafinyelela, aphathe amaseva, futhi enze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa a Isikhumulo I-SSH ibonga ukuhlanganiswa komdabu Windows 10 futhi kamuva. Indlela yokwenza lokho ayilula nje kuphela kunangaphambili, kodwa iphinde yacwengwa ngokuzinza nokuphepha, okuyenza ibe enye indlela eqinile kumakhasimende angaphandle endabuko.

Uma wake wadinga ukuphatha isistimu yesilawuli kude, kopisha amafayela, buyekeza izingodo o gijima imiyalo kuseva Linux noma iWindows ngaphandle kokushiya ideskithophu yakho, lo mhlahlandlela onemininingwane uzosebenza njengereferensi. Uzofunda yonke into kusukela kuzimfuneko, ukufakwa, nokucushwa kwe-OpenSSH ezisekelweni ezihlukene kuya ezibonelweni ezingokoqobo zayo yomibili imiyalo eyisisekelo nezici ezithuthukisiwe ze-PowerShell SSH ukuze uthole okuningi ekuphathweni okukude.

Iyini i-SSH futhi kungani uyisebenzise ku-PowerShell?

I-SSH (I-Shell Evikelekile) iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana evikelekile ekuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele futhi uphathe amasistimu akude usebenzisa i-terminal.. Inzuzo yayo enkulu ngaphezu kwamanye amaphrothokholi afana ne-Telnet ukubethela kokuphela kuya ekupheleni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi, okuhlanganisa amagama abasebenzisi namagama ayimfihlo, luhamba luvikelekile ngokuphelele.

I-PowerShell, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyikhonsoli yomyalo weWindows, esetshenziselwa kokubili imisebenzi yomsebenzisi nokuphatha. Iminyaka eminingana manje, iWindows ifake iklayenti le-SSH lomdabu, elikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla e-SSH ngokuqondile ku-PowerShell, okwenza kube lula futhi kuvikeleke ukuphatha i-Linux, iWindows, namanye amadivaysi akude.

Izimfuneko zokusebenzisa i-SSH kusuka ku-PowerShell

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuphatha amasistimu akude kusuka ku-PowerShell, udinga ukuhlola ezinye izidingo eziyisisekelo kukhompyutha yakho kanye nekhompyutha okuqondiswe kuyo:

• I-PowerShell ibuyekeziwe: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-PowerShell 6 noma kamuva ukusizakala ngazo zonke izici. Ku-Windows 10 no-11 iza ifakwe kuqala, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola inguqulo ngomyalo. $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.
• I-OpenSSH Client: Udinga ukufaka iklayenti le-OpenSSH. Ukuqala nge-Windows 10 (yakha i-1809) kanye ne-Windows Server 2019, ifakiwe njengesici ozikhethela sona, nakuba ungakwazi ukuyifaka mathupha uma kunesidingo.
• Iseva ye-SSH inikwe amandla kukhompuyutha ekude: Isistimu ozoxhuma kuyo kufanele ibe ne-SSH evuliwe (lokhu kungaba umshini we-Linux, umshini we-Windows, idivayisi yenethiwekhi, njll.).
• Ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi: Ikhompyutha oxhuma kuyo kufanele ikwazi ukufinyelela i-IP yeseva ye-SSH noma isizinda, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi imbobo 22 ivuleke ku-firewall yakho.
• Izimvume zomsebenzisi: Nakuba ukuba umlawuli kungahlali kubalulekile, ezimweni eziningi uzodinga izimvume eziphakeme ukuze ufake izici noma ufinyelele amasistimu akude.

Hlola ukufakwa kwe-OpenSSH nenguqulo ku-Windows

Ukuhlola ukuthi unalo yini iklayenti le-OpenSSH elitholakala ohlelweni lwakho, vula i-PowerShell bese uqalisa:

Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'

Uzobona isimo esifakiwe (Kufakiwe) noma esingekho (NotPresent) kokubili iklayenti kanye neseva. Uma ingafakiwe, ungayengeza ngokuthi:

Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0

Ngeseva uma ufuna ukunika amandla ukuthola ukuxhumana kwe-SSH kukhompyutha yakho:

Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0

Uma usufakiwe, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa umyalo we-'ssh' ngokuqondile ku-PowerShell noma ku-Command Prompt.

Lungiselela futhi uqale isevisi ye-SSH ku-Windows

Uma uzokwamukela ukuxhumana kwe-SSH ku-Windows, uzodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi iqalile. Ukuze uyiqale futhi uyilungiselele ukuthi iqale ngokuzenzakalelayo njalo uma uvula isistimu, sebenzisa:

Start-Service sshd
Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'

Kunconywa ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthetho we-firewall usuvele ukhona ovumela ithrafikhi engenayo ngembobo engu-22 (SSH):

if (!(Get-NetFirewallRule -Name "OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object Name, Enabled)) {
 Write-Output "Firewall Rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' does not exist, creating it..."
 New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22
} else {
 Write-Output "Firewall rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' has been created and exists."
}

Ukuqalisa: Ixhuma nge-SSH kusuka ku-PowerShell

Uma usumise yonke into, ungaqala iseshini ye-SSH ngomyalo olula we-PowerShell:

ssh usuario@servidor

Khumbula ukufaka esikhundleni 'umsebenzisi' igama lakho lomsebenzisi emshinini oqhelile kanye 'neseva' ngegama le-IP noma le-DNS. Uma uyisebenzisa, izokucela ukuthi wamukele ukhiye wokusingatha (okokuqala) kanye nephasiwedi.

Isibonelo sangempela sokuxhuma kuseva ye-Linux:

ssh root@192.168.1.100

Ungakwazi futhi ukuxhuma kwamanye amasistimu e-Windows ngeseva ye-SSH esebenzayo, noma kumadivayisi enethiwekhi ahambisanayo.

Amapharamitha athuthukisiwe kanye nokhiye wokuqinisekisa

I-SSH ivumela ukuguquguquka okuningi kokuthi uqinisekisa kanjani nokuthi ulusungula kanjani uxhumano. Imingcele evame kakhulu yilezi:

• -i Ukuze ucacise ukhiye oyimfihlo wokuqinisekisa okungenaphasiwedi: ssh -i ruta/claves/id_rsa usuario@servidor
• -p Ukucacisa imbobo ngaphandle kwama-22: ssh -p 2222 usuario@servidor
• -v kumodi ye-verbose, iwusizo ekulungiseni iphutha.

Ku-PowerShell, ungasebenzisa okhiye abakhiqizwe nge-ssh-keygen futhi ubakopishele kuseva ekude ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe nokuba lula, ugweme amagama ayimfihlo.

Lawula futhi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo izikhathi ze-SSH ezithuthukisiwe nge-PowerShell

Ngale komyalo oyisisekelo, i-PowerShell ihlanganisa ama-cmdlets athuthukile ukuze asebenze namaseshini e-SSH afana nala I-New-PSSession, Enter-PSSession kanye ne-Invoke-Command. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphatha okukude, kukuvumela ukuthi wenze imibhalo kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungena mathupha isikhathi ngasinye.

• I-New-PSSession ikuvumela ukuthi udale iseshini entsha yesilawuli kude ngokucacisa umsingathi, umsebenzisi kanye nephasiwedi noma ukhiye womphakathi.
• Faka-PSSession ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ngokuhlanganyela iseshini yerimothi, wenze imiyalo njengokungathi ukunye ikhompuyutha.
• I-Invoke-Command ikhipha imiyalo noma amabhlogo weskripthi ukude, ilungele ukuphathwa kwenqwaba noma imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo.

Isibonelo sokuqala iseshini:

New-PSSession -HostName 192.168.1.100 -UserName admin

Ukufaka iseshini edaliwe:

Enter-PSSession -Session $session

Ungadlulisa amafayela, ugade izinqubo, wenze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, nokunye okwengeziwe, konke ngokusebenziseka kalula kwe-PowerShell.

Lungiselela i-SSH Server ku-Linux kanye ne-macOS ye-PowerShell Connections

Awukwazi nje ukuphatha amakhompyutha weWindows kusuka ku-PowerShell, kodwa futhi ungafinyelela amaseva e-Linux nama-macOS. Kulawa makhompyutha, uzodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi ye-OpenSSH ifakiwe futhi iyasebenza. Kwenziwa kanje ku-Linux (ngokwesibonelo Ubuntu):

sudo apt install openssh-client
sudo apt install openssh-server

Ukuhlola ukuthi iyasebenza:

sudo systemctl status sshd

Ku-macOS, vele unike amandla ukufinyelela okukude kusuka 'Ekwabelaneni' - 'Ukungena Okukude' kuzilungiselelo zohlelo.

Kuzo zombili izimo, ungahlela ifayela elithi sshd_config ukuze uvumele iphasiwedi noma ukufakazela ubuqiniso kokhiye womphakathi, futhi usethe i-PowerShell njengegobolondo elizenzakalelayo.

Imiyalo ewusizo ye-SSH evela ku-PowerShell

Uma usuxhunyiwe, kuyenzeka ukuthi usebenzise imiyalo eminingi yesistimu ekude. Ezinye izibonelo eziwusizo zokuphatha nsuku zonke:

• ls / dir: klelisa okuqukethwe kuhla lwemibhalo
• cd: shintsha inkomba
• ukuthinta / Into Entsha: idala amafayela amasha
• rm / Susa-Into: isusa amafayela noma amafolda
• mv / Hambisa-Into: hambisa noma uqambe kabusha amafayela
• scp: idlulisela amafayela phakathi kweklayenti neseva
• umsebenzisi: engeza abasebenzisi

Le miyalo inika amandla ukuphatha okuphelele, okuzenzakalelayo, nokubhalwa kweskripthi semisebenzi ephindaphindwayo noma ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukucushwa okuthuthukile nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo izikhathi ze-SSH ku-PowerShell

I-PowerShell SSH inikeza izinketho eziningi ezithuthukisiwe zokwenza ngokwezifiso umuzwa ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zakho:

• Hlela ifayela lokumisa kokuthi $env:ProgramData\ssh\sshd_config ukuze ulungise kahle ukuqinisekiswa, ama-algorithms, imithetho, nokuningi.
• Vumela noma vimba ukufinyelela ngephasiwedi noma ngokhiye womphakathi ngokwezidingo zokuphepha.
• Engeza amasistimu angaphansi afana ne-PowerShell ukuze amaseshini akude aqale ngokuqondile ku-PowerShell usebenzisa i-'Subsystem powershell c:/progra~1/powershell/7/pwsh.exe -sshs -nologo'.
• Qala kabusha amasevisi futhi ulungise okuguquguqukayo kwendawo ukuze yonke into isebenze kahle.