Ungabuka kanjani, useshe, futhi usule umlando womyalo ku-PowerShell naku-CMD

Ukubukeza lokho esikuthayiphile kukhonsoli kubaluleke kakhulu uma sibhala phansi, siphinda imisebenzi, noma silungisa amaphutha. I-Windows isebenzisa kokubili i-Command Prompt (CMD) kanye ne-PowerShell, futhi ngayinye iphatha umlando wemiyalo ngendlela ehlukile, ngezinqamuleli, izinketho zokusesha, izici zokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nokususa ezifanele ukuqondwa kahle.

Kulo mhlahlandlela osebenzayo nophelele, uzofunda ukuthi ungabuka kanjani, useshe, uthumele, ungenise, futhi ususe umlando ku-PowerShell kanye ne-CMD, ukuthi umlando oqhubekayo we-PSReadLine usebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinhlaka ezinikezwa yi-Clear-History, yiziphi izinqamuleli ezisheshisa umsebenzi wakho, nokuthi ungahlola kanjani izinqubo ngemicimbi engu-4688 kanye ne-4689 uma udinga i-forensic log.

I-PowerShell vs. CMD: Indlela Umlando Wabo Osebenza Ngayo

I-PowerShell ne-CMD azifani uma kukhulunywa ngomlando. I-CMD igcina imiyalo kuphela ngesikhathi seseshini esebenzayo, kuyilapho i-PowerShell ihlanganisa umlando weseshini owakhelwe ngaphakathi noqhubekayo ogcinwa yi-module ye-PSReadLine.

Umlando weseshini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-PowerShell uyashintshashintsha futhi uyasuswa uma ikhonsoli ivaliwe; ingafinyelelwa nge-Get-History futhi iphathwe ngama-cmdlets afana ne-Invoke-History, Add-History, noma i-Clear-History. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-variable ye-$MaximumHistoryCount ikhawulela inani lokufakwa futhi ngokuvamile isethwe ku-4096.

I-PSReadLine ilondoloza ifayela lomlando ngomsebenzisi ngamunye kanye ne-host , futhi igcina umlando phakathi kwamaseshini. Leli fayela, elitholakala kusukela ku-PowerShell 5.0, livumela ukuzulazula ngezinkinobho zomcibisholo ophezulu nowehlayo kanye nokusesha okwandayo kusetshenziswa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi.

Buka futhi useshe umlando ku-PowerShell

I-Get-History iyisango lokungena kumlando weseshini . Ibonisa i-ID, umugqa womyalo, kanye nohlelo lokusebenzisa; igama layo eliyisibizo lingu-'h'. Kodwa-ke, ibonisa kuphela okwenzekile kuseshini yamanje, hhayi ifayela le-PSReadLine eliqhubekayo.

Get-History

Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi kukhonsoli zigcina isikhathi : umcibisholo obheke phezulu wemiyalo yangaphambilini, umcibisholo obheke phansi wemiyalo elandelayo, u-F7 ohlwini efasiteleni, u-ESC ukuvala, u-F8 ukusesha ngesiqalo (thayipha bese ucindezela u-F8), kanye no-F9 ukuqalisa nge-ID.

Ukusesha okuphambene kuyasiza kakhulu : Ukusesha kwe-Ctrl+R emuva emlandweni, uthayipha ingxenye yomyalo, kanye nokusesha kwe-Ctrl+S phambili. I-PSReadLine ikuvumela futhi ukuthi useshe nge-'#string' bese weqa phakathi kokufana ngokucindezela i-Tab.

Ukuhleleka komlando kungase kubonakale kungavamile : I-PowerShell ingeza imiyalo uma iqeda, hhayi uma uyithayipha, futhi ezikhumbuzweni ezihlanganisiwe ezinye aziqoshwa uze ubuyele ezingeni elidlule, okungaba ukudideka ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside.

Umlando oqhubekayo nge-PSReadLine

I-PSReadLine igcina ilogi ehlala njalo kufayela lombhalo ngomsebenzisi ngamunye kanye nomsingathi, iqinisekisa ukuthi imiyalo yangaphambilini ingatholakala ngemuva kokuvala nokuvula kabusha i-PowerShell.

%userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt

Ungabuka futhi ushintshe ukuziphatha kwayo usebenzisa i-Get-PSReadLineOption kanye ne-Set-PSReadLineOption . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izici ezifana nokuphindaphindwa, ukuzwela kwecala, indlela yokugcina kanye nesitayela, phakathi kwezinye izintandokazi.

Get-PSReadLineOption | Select HistoryNoDuplicates, MaximumHistoryCount, HistorySearchCursorMovesToEnd, HistorySearchCaseSensitive, HistorySavePath, HistorySaveStyle

Izinketho ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele :

• UmlandoNoDuplicates: ugwema okufakiwe okuyimpinda, ukunciphisa okuphindiwe
• I-MaximumHistoryCount: Ilawula inombolo enkulu yemiyalo egciniwe
• I-HistorySearchCursorMovesToEnd: Ilungisa indawo yekhesa ekusesheni
• I-HistorySearchCaseSensitive: yenza ukusesha okubucayi
• I-HistorySavePath: Ichaza indlela eya kufayela lomlando
• I-HistorySaveStyle: Inquma ukuthi umlando ulondolozwe nini, izinketho zifaka i-SaveIncrementally, SaveAtExit, kanye ne-SaveNothing

Lokhu kungenziwa ngokwezifiso kusetshenziswa i-Set-PSReadLineOption . Isibonelo, ukulondoloza kuphela ku-exit kanye ne-reduce disk kubhala:

Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveAtExit

Ungalawula futhi usayizi womlando nge-`$MaximumHistoryCount` . Ukuze uwukhawulele emiyalweni eyi-100, lungisa i-variable bese uqala kabusha i-PowerShell; ukuze uyenze iqhubeke, yengeze kuphrofayela yakho ye-PowerShell.

$MaximumHistoryCount = 100

Sula, hlunga, futhi uphathe umlando ku-PowerShell

I-Clear-History isula umlando weseshini esebenzayo ngaphandle kokuthinta ifayela le-PSReadLine eliqhubekayo. Isetshenziselwa ukuqala kusukela ekuqaleni noma ukususa okufakiwe okuthile nge-ID, iphethini, ubuningi, noma ubudala.

I-syntax eyinhloko enamasethi epharamitha :

Clear-History  <int[]>]  <int>]    
Clear-History  <int>] >]    

Amapharamitha asetshenzisiwe : -Id ukususa ngesikhombisi, -CommandLine yamaphethini aqondile noma amakhadi asendle, -Bala inani lokufakiwe, kanye -Okusha kakhulu ukuguqula i-oda nokususa okwakamuva. Iphinde isekele imodi yokuqinisekisa kanye nokulingisa nge--WhatIf.

Isibonelo: Susa wonke umlando kuseshini esebenzayo:

Get-History
Clear-History
Get-History

Isibonelo: Susa okufakiwe okungu-5 kokugcina nge--Count kanye ne--Newest:

Clear-History -Count 5 -Newest
Get-History

Isibonelo: Susa okufakiwe okufanisa amaphethini ne--CommandLine:

Clear-History -CommandLine '*Help*', '*Syntax'
Get-History

Isibonelo: Susa ngama-ID athile :

Clear-History -Id 3, 5
Get-History

Isibonelo: Ukuhlanganisa i--Id kanye ne--Count ukuze kusulwe ngokulandelana kusukela ku-Id ethile:

Clear-History -Id 7 -Count 5
Get-History

Khumbula : -Bala nge-Id isusa ku-Id efakiwe, nge--CommandLine isusa ukufana ngokulandelana, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo isusa okufakiwe okudala kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzisa i-Okusha kakhulu.

Qalisa futhi ulayishe imiyalo evela kumlando ku-PowerShell

I-Invoke-History ikhipha okufakiwe komlando ngaphandle kokukubhala phansi. Igama layo eliyimfihlo lingu-'r'. Ngaphandle kwamapharamitha, iphinda okufakiwe kokugcina; nge-ID, ikhipha lowo myalo oqondile.

Invoke-History          # Repetir la última entrada
Invoke-History -Id 12   # Ejecutar la entrada 12

Ungathumela futhi ungenise umlando ukuze ubhale phansi noma wabelane ngezinqubo. Uthunyelwa ku-CSV noma ku-Clixml bese ungeniswa kabusha usebenzisa i-Add-History.

Get-History | Export-Csv -Path .\historial.csv -NoTypeInformation
Get-History | Export-Clixml -Path .\historial.xml

$h = Import-Clixml .\historial.xml
$h | Add-History

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungawenza Kanjani Umlando Wokwethenjelwa ku-PowerShell: Ukuphatha, Ukuhlola, kanye Nokuhlaziya

Buka futhi uphathe umlando ku-CMD

I-CMD igcina umlando kuphela ngesikhathi seseshini esebenzayo . Ungazulazula ngezinkinobho zomcibisholo obheke phezulu naphansi, usebenzise i-PgUp kanye ne-PgDn ukuze uskrole, bese ucindezela i-F7 ukuvula ifasitela elinayo yonke imiyalo egciniwe; i-ESC iyalivala lelo fasitela.

Ezinye izinqamuleli eziwusizo ku-CMD : F9 ukucela inombolo yomyalo ohlwini oluboniswayo kanye ne-F8 ukusesha okufanayo okuqala ngalokho okuthayiphile kuze kube manje emgqeni.

I-Doskey yandisa amakhono ayo : ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke umlando ophelele nge-'doskey /history' noma uwugcine kufayela usebenzisa ukuqondisa kabusha, isibonelo, 'doskey /history > C:\cmd_history.txt'. Ungalungisa futhi usayizi wememori nge-/listsize=100.

Ukuze usule umlando kwimemori , sebenzisa isinqamuleli sekhibhodi u-Alt+F7. Khumbula ukuthi uma uvala i-CMD, umlando uyalahleka ngaphandle kokuthi uwuthumele ngaphambilini.

Ukuze ube nomlando ohlala njalo onamandla kakhulu ku-CMD , ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Clink, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphathwa nokusesha umlando, noma i-Windows Terminal , ehlanganisa ama-consoles amaningana futhi isekele i-PowerShell ne-WSL2.

Hlola imiyalo nezinqubo ngesibukeli somcimbi

Ukuze uthole ukulawula okuphelele nokuphakathi , ungabhala phansi ukudalwa kwenqubo usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe. Umcimbi 4688 uqopha inqubo ngayinye eqaliwe, kufaka phakathi ulwazi lomsebenzisi, umongo, kanye nomugqa womyalo; umcimbi 4689 ubonisa ukuphela kwawo.

Sebenzisa 'ukudalwa kwenqubo yokuhlola' kunqubomgomo yokuphepha yendawo, esigabeni sokuhlola okuthuthukisiwe, ulungiselela Impumelelo kanye/noma Ukwehluleka njengoba uthanda.

Bese, lungisa inqubomgomo ku-gpedit.msc ku-Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Advanced Audit Policy Configuration > System Audit Policys > Detailed Tracking bese uyivumela.

Ukuze ubuke le micimbi , vula i-Event Viewer ku-Windows, hamba uye ku-Windows Logs > Security, bese uhlunga nge-ID 4688. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa okujulile, amathuluzi afana ne-Logbinder Supercharger angasiza ekubuyekezweni.

Ama-Cmdlets Awusizo Namanothi Omlando ku-PowerShell

Ama-cmdlet omlando ayinhloko yilawa: Thola Umlando (alias 'h') okufanele uwubuke, i-Invoke-History (alias 'r') okufanele uyisebenzise, ​​i-Add-History ukuze ungeze imiyalo, kanye ne-Clear-History (alias 'clhy') okufanele uyisuse. I-PowerShell kanye ne-PSReadLine history ziyafana, kodwa i-Clear-History ithinta kuphela umlando weseshini esebenzayo.

Amanothi okugcina ku-Clear-History : awamukeli okokufaka kwepayipi, awabuyisi okuphumayo, asekela ama-wildcard ku--CommandLine, futhi asekela ama-CommonParameter afana ne--Verbose kanye ne--ErrorAction ukuze alawule okwengeziwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imiyalo yeShell ne-CMD yebha yekheli Windows 11

Ukuqonda umlando ku-PowerShell kanye ne-CMD kwenza kube lula ukuthola imiyalo ngokushesha, izinqubo zokulungisa amaphutha, ulwazi lwedokhumenti, kanye nokuhlola. I-PSReadLine inikeza amandla okuphikelela kanye nokusesha, kuyilapho i-Clear-History ilawula ukuthi yimiphi imiyalo ehlala iseshini, kanye nemicimbi engu-4688 kanye ne-4689 iphakamisa ukungena ngemvume ezingeni lokuphepha nokuthobela imithetho.

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.