How to detect hardware failures in Windows 11

With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new OS , the Windows 11, hardware failures remain a constant concern for users. Detecting problems in the physical components of a PC in time can make the difference between a simple repair and a catastrophe for our data and devices.Although many believe that hardware failures are only obvious, symptoms can appear gradually and are sometimes mistaken for software problems, so it's essential to learn how to diagnose them thoroughly.

In this article, we are going to go into detail about the best techniques, programs and approaches that can be employed. to find out if our Windows 11 computer has any hardware failure, covering everything from the simplest methods included in the operating system itself to advanced tools and practical maintenance recommendations. By the end, you'll have a super-easy-to-reference guide to help you figure out what's going wrong and how to respond before the problem becomes irreversible.

Why is it important to detect hardware failures in Windows 11?

Identifying a hardware failure in time is crucial Because it prevents data loss, irreversible breakdowns, and unnecessary repair costs. Windows 11 includes several utilities and allows the use of advanced third-party software, making it easier to diagnose and prevent serious problems.

A single error can go unnoticed and trigger a chain of failures: from blue screens to constant freezes or unexpected loss of speed. Therefore, performing regular checks and being alert to symptoms is essential to maintaining the stability of the equipment..

Built-in methods in Windows 11 for hardware diagnostics

Windows 11 includes built-in tools that allow you to check the status of the main hardware components without having to install additional software.These utilities are the ideal starting point for any user.

• Performance monitorAccessible via the "perfmon" command (or "Performance Monitor" in the taskbar search), this utility provides information on CPU, memory, disk, and network usage. It can detect abnormal spikes, bottlenecks, and suspicious deviations.
• Reliability MonitorType "View reliability history" in the Windows search bar to access a chronological report of system errors and warnings. Here you can distinguish whether recurring issues are hardware-related (e.g., disk errors, memory errors, or devices that stop responding).
• Windows memory diagnosticsBy simply searching for "Windows Memory Diagnostic," you can examine your RAM for errors. The system will reboot and perform several tests, reporting any defective memory sticks.
• System File Checker (SFC): : The command "sfc /scannow" scans the integrity of important Windows files. If it detects corrupt files, automatically repairs them, helping to distinguish between hardware failures and software problems.

Third-party tools for hardware diagnostics

In addition to Windows utilities, There are numerous free and paid programs that allow for more in-depth and personalized diagnoses of each component.Here's a selection of the most recommended by experts:

• HWiNFO: It stands out for its ability to display detailed information about each hardware component and monitor temperatures, voltages, fan speeds, and more. It's very useful for detecting anomalies in the CPU, motherboard, and power supplies.
• CrystalDiskInfo: Specialized in hard drives and SSD, analyzes SMART status, temperature, uptime and error rates, warning if any disk is about to fail.
• MemTest86: Considered the ultimate test for RAM memory. It is created in a USB and boots from it, subjecting the RAM to extreme tests and detecting any faulty modules.
• Unigine Heaven/Valley: Graphics benchmarks that stress the graphics card to detect visual artifacts, freezes, or overheating.
• Soft Perfect Network Scanner y Wifi analyzer: Although focused on networks, they help diagnose connectivity problems that may originate from internal network card failures.
• Malwarebytes and ClamWin: These solutions allow us to rule out that a malware cause instability, as some “physical” symptoms may actually be due to malware.
• WinDirStat: Useful for analyzing disk usage and detecting files or folders that may cause conflicts or crashes.

Main symptoms of hardware failures and how to differentiate them

Identifying the source of a fault may seem difficult, but there are clear signs that point to specific components. Each piece usually “complains” in a particular way, although sometimes the tracks get mixed up due to software issues.

• Processor: It's rare for this to fail, but if it does, the system won't boot, or you experience random freezes, crashes, or extreme slowdowns. To verify this, running stress tests (RealBench, AIDA64, Prime95) helps ensure it can handle loads without overheating.
• MotherboardCommon errors include VRM overheating, board bending or instability, frequent reboots, or failure to recognize RAM or CPU. Error codes on advanced motherboards can guide repairs.
• RAM: Errors that cause blue screens, corrupted files, or the system not detecting all installed memory. It's recommended to use MemTest86 or the Windows Diagnostic Tool to check for these issues.
• Graphic cardScreen artifacts, sudden FPS drops, freezes during gameplay, or overheating indicate possible issues. Monitor temperatures with HWiNFO and test with benchmarks like Unigine Heaven.
• StorageHDDs often make unusual noises ("clack, clack, clack") and slow down before failing. SSDs experience performance drops and read/write errors. CrystalDiskInfo helps assess their SMART status.
• Fuente de alimentaciónUnexplained reboots, power outages, or random failures suggest a replacement. HWiNFO can check voltages, but a full diagnosis requires specialized tools.
• Fans and cooling system: Irregular operation causes temperature increases and reduced performance. Clean regularly and use SpeedFan to monitor and control ventilation curves.

How to use the tools step by step

We offer a simple guide to get started with diagnostic resources, both Windows and third-party:

1. Performance monitor: press Win + R, writes perfmon and review CPU, disk, network, and memory graphs. Looking for spikes, unexplained usage, or disappearing devices helps detect anomalies.
2. Reliability MonitorType "View reliability history" into the search bar and review reports with critical errors and warnings. Pay attention to recurring hardware-related issues like disk or memory errors.
3. Windows memory diagnostics: Search Start, run the tool, and accept the restart. After that, you'll see if there are any errors in the RAM.
4. CrystalDiskInfo: Install the program, open it, and check the SMART status of each disk. Yellow or red indicators indicate that backups are a good idea and that replacement is a good idea.
5. HWiNFO: Run and observe temperatures, voltages, and speeds. Abnormalities or out-of-range values ​​may indicate an impending failure.
6. MemTest86: Download the ISO, create a Bootable USB and let it perform several passes. Any errors indicate a faulty RAM module.
7. Graphic and ventilation toolsUse Unigine Heaven or Valley and SpeedFan to detect fan overheating or failure. Cleaning, changing the thermal paste, or replacing it may be necessary.

Only when there are clear indications of hardware failure

There are obvious situations where the hardware is clearly failing.Some common circumstances are:

• The device does not turn on or does not pass POST.
• Spontaneous restarts without apparent cause.
• Appearance of artifacts or graphical errors during use.
• Loud mechanical noise from drives or fans.
• Incorrect RAM recognition or frequent blue errors.
• Frequent operating system freezes.
• Drastic reduction in usual performance.

Common causes of hardware failures

Many times, The failures are not due to manufacturing defects, but to external factors such as high temperatures, dirt or poor installations.The most common causes include:

• Overheating: Poor ventilation, poorly placed heatsinks, or dry thermal paste cause components such as the CPU and GPU to overheat, causing the computer to shut down for protection.
• dust and dirt: Buildup reduces thermal efficiency and can block fans and ports.
• Bad connection or incorrectly inserted modules: Poor contact in RAM, cards or cables causes intermittent errors.
• electrical surges: Voltage spikes damage sensitive components.
• Bad installation: Excessive pressure or incorrect assembly can lead to failure in a short time.

When to repair or replace?

After detecting the problem, It is important to assess whether it should be repaired or replaced directly.. Some useful tips are:

• Processor and graphicsIf they fail and are under warranty, arrange for a replacement. If not, repairs are often not worth the cost.
• RAMTest individual modules and replace defective ones. Sometimes, simply reseating or cleaning the contacts is sufficient.
• Hard drives and SSD: If you experience SMART errors, back up your data as soon as possible. If you experience mechanical noises, stop using them.
• Source: Change it for another quality one if there are doubts.
• Motherboard: In general, repairs to this component are complex and require specialized technicians.
• Fans: Cleaning or replacement in most cases.

Precautions before performing tests or handling hardware

Before disassembling or testing components, take precautions:

• Back up your data important, just in case.
• Disconnect the equipment from the power to avoid accidents.
• If you don't have experience, focus on software tools and leave internal manipulation to technicians.
• Usa antistatic gloves and works in a clean and tidy environment.

Maintenance tips to prevent future failures

Preventive maintenance is key to hardware longevity. These tips will help you reduce the occurrence of physical problems and keep your equipment in good condition.:

• Clean the inside of the tower periodically, especially if you live in areas with a lot of dust.
• Change the thermal paste of CPU and GPU every two years to maintain good temperatures.
• Place the equipment in a ventilated area and controls the room temperature in summer.
• Avoid sudden shutdowns and disconnect the equipment from faulty sources.
• Keep drivers updated and BIOS from official sources to avoid incompatibilities.

What if the fault persists after all these checks?

If after following these steps the problem persists, The cause is likely to be the operating system itself or a combination of several factors.. In that case, consider:

• Restore Windows to a previous point where it worked correctly.
• Format and reinstall Windows to rule out residual software conflicts.
• Go to a professional technical service if you have no experience in hardware repair.

Keeping these aspects in mind and using the right tools will allow you to detect and resolve hardware problems more effectively, prolonging the lifespan of your equipment and avoiding data loss or major failures.

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Isaac

Passionate writer about the world of bytes and technology in general. I love sharing my knowledge through writing, and that's what I'll do on this blog, show you all the most interesting things about gadgets, software, hardware, tech trends, and more. My goal is to help you navigate the digital world in a simple and entertaining way.