Ungayikhomba Kanjani I-imeyili eneVirus | Amathiphu Okuphepha

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezifuna izindlela zokungena ohlelweni lwakho, zithelele ikhompyutha yakho, noma zebe idatha yakho yomuntu siqu zihlala zizama ukuthola izindlela ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, enye yezindala kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu iwukusebenzisa i-imeyili . Kulesi sihloko, phakathi kwezinye izinto, sizokufundisa ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-imeyili equkethe igciwane.

Njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, igciwane elisha liyasakazeka, futhi izinkampani zama-antivirus zekhompyutha zithumela izexwayiso nezeluleko zokuthi ungalisusa kanjani igciwane ohlelweni lwakho noma ukuthi ungaligcina kanjani lingenawo amagciwane kudivayisi yakho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo oluhle lwe-antivirus olufakwe ohlelweni lwakho.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba amagciwane amaningi afika nge-imeyili angalandwa, isofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane ngeke iwabone uze uwalande futhi uwafake ohlelweni lwakho. Sifuna ukukukhombisa ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ugweme ukuba yisisulu salolu hlobo lokudluliswa kwe-malware.

Ayini amagciwane e-imeyili futhi asebenza kanjani?

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwazi ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-imeyili enegciwane ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinsongo zimayelana nani. Amagciwane e-imeyili, akha iningi lamagciwane ekhompyutha, Aqukethe ikhodi enonya esatshalaliswa emilayezweni ye-imeyili.

Ingaqaliswa lapho umsebenzisi achofoza isixhumanisi esisemlayezweni we-imeyili, elanda okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili, noma exhumana nomzimba we-imeyili enegciwane.

I-imeyili yegciwane ngokuvamile ihlelelwe ukuthunyelwa kuwo wonke umuntu osebhukwini lamakheli lesisulu uma ikhompuyutha yakhe isithelelekile, futhi ivame ukwanda ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa yalokho.

Ama-virus avame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwe-phishing , lapho abenzi bezinsongo bethumela ama-imeyili akhohlisayo abonakala sengathi avela emithonjeni enegunya ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzisi ukuthi baveze ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Ama-imeyili ogaxekile kanye ne -malware nawo asebenza kahle kakhulu ekutheleleni izinhlelo kanye nokufaka engcupheni amanethiwekhi.

Amanye amagciwane asebenzisa nje i-naiveté yomsebenzisi. Wake wathumela incwadi yochungechunge, isixwayiso segciwane, noma isicelo sosizo esiphuthumayo? Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabanjwa umkhonyovu futhi wasiza ekusakazeni igciwane.

Kulezi zimo, igciwane yi-imeyili ngokwayo. Sekukonke, lawa ma-imeyili avala amaseva e-imeyili namabhokisi okungenayo futhi ngokuvamile aphumela ekunqabeleni isevisi kubasebenzisi abasemthethweni kuyilapho isistimu icubungula le milayezo ngobuningi.

Ungayibona kanjani i-imeyili enegciwane

Ngezansi sizokutshela ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uthole i-imeyili equkethe igciwane futhi ugweme ukuwela ekukhohlisweni noma ukulanda amafayela anonya:

1. Hlola ikheli lomthumeli

Enye indlela yokubona i-imeyili equkethe igciwane ukuqaphela ukuthi abekho abathumeli "abaphephile" , ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamalungu omndeni. Ngeshwa, amalungu omndeni angumthombo ovamile wamagciwane e-imeyili.

Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luvame ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-imeyili kuwo wonke umuntu osohlwini loxhumana nabo lweqembu elithelelekile, okusho ukuthi i-imeyili yomfowenu kungenzeka kungabi into ayithumele ngempela.

Qaphela ama-imeyili akhohlisa ikheli lokubuyisa lomthombo othembekile , njengebhange lakho, umhlinzeki we-inthanethi, noma inkampani yesofthiwe. Lawa ma-imeyili abonakala eyiqiniso kodwa aqukethe izixhumanisi kanye nekheli lokubuyisa elifihla umthumeli wangempela. Mane nje uhambise igundane lakho phezu kwesixhumanisi esikhundleni sokusichofoza ukuze ubone ukuthi yini eboniswa ku-URL.

Olunye lwezinhlelo eziyingozi kakhulu eziwuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kuleli shumi leminyaka kwakuyifayela elibizwa ngeTrojan elakhelwe ukubukeka njengekhasi le-HTML elivela kusevisi yasebhange eku-inthanethi. Yakhelwe ukulinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bachofoze izixhumanisi ezingalungile ngokudalula ulwazi lomuntu siqu.

Isu eliphephile: Ungachofozi izixhumanisi zezimali kuma-imeyili; kunalokho, thayipha ngesandla i-URL efanele kusiphequluli sakho ukuze uye ngqo kuwebhusayithi yangempela ukuze uthole ukuthengiselana okubalulekile, njengokubhanga.

2. Bona izandiso eziphephile

Ezinye izinhlobo zamafayela zingabhekwa njengeziphephile ukuzivula . Ungazibona ngezandiso zazo; lezi yizinhlamvu ezilandela igama lefayela: .gif (ifomethi yesithombe), .jpg noma .jpeg (esinye ifomethi yesithombe), .tif noma .tiff (ifomethi yefayela lesithombe), .mpg noma .mpeg4 (i-movie), kanye ne-.mp3 (umculo noma ifayela lomsindo).

Enye indlela yokuhlonza i-imeyili enegciwane iwukuthi izinamathiselo azinazo ezinye zezandiso esizikhulumile ngaphambili, kodwa enye ongeke uyibone noma engathunyelwa nge-imeyili njenge -.exe.

3. Qaphela amafayela ahlobene nomsebenzi

Amafayela asetshenziswa ukuthumela ulwazi oluhlobene nomsebenzi asengozini yokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zamafayela ezivamile njenge-.doc kanye ne-.docx, i-xls kanye ne-.xlsx, noma i-PDF . Kunzima ukuchaza ngokushesha ukuthi kungani lezi zinhlobo zamafayela zingonakaliswa kalula kangaka.

Qaphela kakhulu ngamafayela e-TXT namafayela aqukethe ama-macro, njengalawo anesandiso sedokhumenti ye-Office esiphela ngo-M (njenge-DOCM). Qaphela lezi zinamathiselo uma ubungazilindele kumthumeli othile. Lena enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlonza i-imeyili equkethe igciwane.

Ungaphuthelwa: Shayela nge-Exploit | Kuyini, Kufunani, nokuthi Ungakugwema Kanjani Ukukhohlisa

4. Gwema amafayela esandiso asebenzisekayo

Enye indlela yokuhlonza i-imeyili equkethe igciwane ukuthi ifaka amafayela asebenzisekayo . Akufanele uchofoze ifayela elisebenzisekayo, okuyinoma yiliphi ifayela eliphela ngo-.exe. Lawa avame ukuthwala i-malware namagciwane.

Ama-hacker ngezinye izikhathi azama ukufihla lawa mafayela ngokuwaqamba ngamagama ngezandiso ezimbili, njenge-Image.gif.exe. Isandiso sokugcina yisona esibalulekile, kanti i-.exe ikhombisa ifayela elisebenzisekayo elizosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ulilanda.

Izinhlelo ezisemthethweni njenge- Adobe Photoshop noma i-Microsoft Word , noma yisiphi isiphequluli sewebhu, nazo zisebenzisa amafayela e-.exe ukufaka nokuqalisa izinhlelo zazo. Uma ungaqiniseki, thayipha igama eliphelele kusiphequluli sewebhu sesimanje bese ubona ukuthi imiphi imiphumela yokusesha evelayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamafayela ohlelo ezingadala amafulegi abomvu futhi ezingase zilimaze ikhompyutha yakho zifaka phakathi lawo aphela ngo- .scr, .reg, .js, .msi, .hta, .bat, .cmd, .pif, .vbs, .wsf, .cpl, .jar, nokuningi . Uma kuwuhlobo lwefayela olungajwayelekile ongalwazi, ungaluvuli. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kunezindlela ezisemthethweni zokusebenzisa, ngakho sesha igama eligcwele lefayela ukuze ubone ukuthi kuvela ini. Ngokusobala, uma kungekho lutho oluvelayo, ungasebenzisi ifayela le-.exe.

5. Sebenzisa isithwebuli se-antivirus

Enye indlela yokuhlonza i-imeyili enegciwane ukuskena uhlelo noma amafayela ngesofthiwe yokuvikela i-antivirus.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ugcine uhlelo lwakho lusesikhathini futhi ufake izibuyekezo zesofthiwe zesistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo, njenge- Microsoft Office, ukuze uzivikele ezingozini ezisanda kutholakala.

6. Misa noma yikuphi ukulanda okuzenzakalelayo

Ukulanda okuzenzakalelayo nakho kuyindlela yokuhlonza i-imeyili equkethe igciwane . Ungalokothi uvumele ikhompyutha yakho ukuthi ilande okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Hlola uhlelo lwakho lwe-imeyili ukuze ubone ukuthi luzama "ukwenza impilo yakho ibe lula" ngokulanda izinamathiselo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Cima leyo nketho bese ugcina icala liyimfihlo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulanda ngokuzenzakalela isofthiwe eyaziwayo ongumnikazi wayo ngokuzenzekelayo kunezingozi ezithile, nakuba zincane kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, izinkampani ezaziwayo zikhipha isoftware yazo, kodwa zishiye izimbungulu lapho zidalula amakhasimende.

7. Gcina futhi uskene okunamathiselwe ngaphambi kokuwavula

Ezinye izinsizakalo ze-imeyili, njenge-Gmail, ziskena ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-imeyili uma efika futhi uma uwavula. Uma udinga ukuvula okunamathiselwe ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho, kugcine ku-flash drive, i-USB drive , noma ifolda ekhethiwe, bese uskena ifayela noma ifolda ngesandla ngesofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane. Uma ukuskena kuhlanzekile, uphephile ukuvula ifayela.

Amagama wokugcina

Ukufunda indlela yokuhlonza i-imeyili equkethe igciwane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuvimbela ongasithatha ukuze ugweme i-malware, amagciwane, kanye nokukhwabanisa okuku-inthanethi okuthinta uhlelo lwakho, ukuphepha, kanye nobumfihlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi kufakwe isofthiwe ye-antivirus noma ye-antimalware ohlelweni lwakho ukusiza ekutholeni nasekususeni noma yimaphi amafayela anonya okungenzeka ukuthi uwalandile.

Khumbula ukuthi akufanele uthembe noma yiliphi ikheli lamabhange noma izinkampani zesevisi ngokungaboni, ngoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukukopisha amagama alezi zikhungo ukuze zithumele amagciwane asuka emakhelini afanayo.