Ukuhlanzeka kwedijithali: ukuphepha, inhlalakahle nokuhleleka empilweni yakho eku-inthanethi

Sihlala sinamathele ezikrinini nasezinsizeni eziku-inthanethi lapho umsebenzi, ukuzijabulisa, ubudlelwano, nezezimali ziphambana khona, nakuleyo mpambana-mgwaqo... Isibopho sedijithali siba sibalulekileImithetho namathuluzi ayathuthuka, yebo, kodwa ukuzizwisa kwansuku zonke kubonisa ukuthi ukulondoloza ukuhleleka, ukuvikeleka, nokuphila kahle ku-inthanethi kudinga imikhuba engaguquki neqaphelayo.

Njengoba nje sixubha amazinyo ethu noma sigaya kabusha ngaphandle kokucabanga kakhulu, inhlanzeko yedijithali kufanele ibe yingxenye ye-DNA yawo wonke umsebenzisi. Kuyisethi ye Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuze uhlale uphephile, unempilo, futhi ugcine ikhaya lakho ledijithali lihlelekileKulula ukukusho, kodwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukwenza... kodwa kubalulekile ukuvikela izimpilo zethu zomuntu siqu, zezenhlalo, nezomnotho.

Iyini inhlanzeko yedijithali futhi kungani ikuthinta?

Uma sikhuluma ngenhlanzeko yedijithali, sibhekisela ku- imikhuba egcina ubukhona bethu ku-inthanethi buphephile futhi bunempiloIyavimbela, iyaqhubeka, futhi ihlanganisa zombili uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe (hardwareisofthiwe, amanethiwekhi) kanye nomuntu (imikhuba, imikhawulo, ukunaka).

Ngokobuchwepheshe, kuhilela ukunakekela izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, Izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye ne-firmware yakamuva; qinisa amagama ayimfihlo; sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi; qapha imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayifuthi usebenzise amathuluzi afana nesofthiwe ye-antivirus noma izinqamuleli zomlilo. Konke kunenjongo eyodwa ecace kakhulu: Vimbela ukwephulwa, gwema ukwebiwa kwedatha, futhi ulondoloze ubumfihlo nobuqotho.

Ngokwezinga labantu, lokhu kusho ukuphatha isikhathi sesikrini, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ngokweqile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukukhetha ngokucophelela esikwabelana ngakho, nokuhlakulela izinto zokuzilibazisa ngaphandle kwezwe ledijithali. Esimweni lapho sisebenza khona, sifunda, futhi sizihlanganisa nabantu ku-inthanethi, ubugebengu be-inthanethi buyanda, okusikhumbuza lokho okuningi kwempumelelo ye ukuphepha kwe-cyber Kuya ngemikhuba yomsebenzisiEqinisweni, imithombo ehlukahlukene ikhombisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 okusebenza kwezinyathelo zokuvikela kuncike ezinkambisweni zethu zansuku zonke.

Izinsika zenhlanzeko yedijithali: ukuphepha nempilo

Ukuphepha: Ukuvikela idatha namadivayisi

Ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kusekelwe ezinqumweni zansuku zonke: amagama ayimfihlo aqinile futhi ahlukile esevisi ngayinye, ukuqinisekiswa okuzinyathelo ezimbili noma okuyizinyathelo eziningi, izibuyekezo zakamuva, futhi, noma nini lapho singekho ekhaya, I-VPN kumanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-FiAkuwona futhi umqondo omuhle ukwamukela imigomo nemibandela ngaphandle kokuyifunda: yilapho unquma khona ukuthi iyiphi idatha osinika yona nokuthi ngayiphi injongo.

Ngasohlangothini lokuthenga, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhadi lakho kuphela ezitolo ezinedumela elihle futhi ubheke ukuxhumana okuphephile (isithonjana se-padlock kanye nama-https). Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiba nohlelo oluhle lwe-antivirus kanye ne-firewall emiswe kahle, njengoba lezi ziwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber. I-malware kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho hlela ukuhlaziya okuvamile futhi ugcine amasignesha ebuyekeziwe.

I-router ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile. Ukushintsha igama lenethiwekhi namaphasiwedi amisiwe, ukukhubaza ukufinyelela okukude, ukukhawulela i-UPnP ne-WPS, nokudala inethiwekhi yesivakashi kuqinisa ikhaya elixhunyiwe. Futhi ngedatha ebucayi... amalaptop Futhi kumadivayisi eselula, ukubethela kanye nokwesulwa okuvikelekile ngaphambi kokuthengisa noma ukugaywa kabusha kwamadivayisi kubalulekile. Gwema ukuvuza nokuchayeka okungadingekile.

Impilo: inhlalakahle yengqondo nokulinganisela

Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwedijithali nakho kunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ukusetha imikhawulo ngesikhathi sesikrini, ukugwema ukuyisa ifoni yakho embhedeni, nokuhlonipha amashejuli okuhlola i-imeyili noma imilayezo kunciphisa ukuxhuma ngokweqile kanye nengcindezi. Kuyasiza ukubekela izikhathi ezithile zomsebenzi ngamunye kanye ukungahlali uxhumene nezaziso ezisheshayo.

Ukuchayeka ngokweqile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana akuphoqelekile: awudingi ukwabelana nomzuzu ngamunye wempilo yakho. Le ngcindezi 'yokuthandwa' ithunaza ubudlelwano bangempela futhi isinqamule endaweni esizungezile. Kungcono ukuyibhalansisa nezinto zokuzilibazisa ezingaphandle kwendawo yedijithali, imisebenzi yomzimba, nesikhathi esingenasikrini. vuselela ukunaka kwakho kanye nemimoya.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka: ubungozi, ezempilo, kanye nengqikithi yenhlalo

Ubuchwepheshe bunguzakwabo, kodwa bungaba umhlukumezi uma singabusebenzisi ngobuhlakani. I-WHO ilinganisela lokho Osemusha oyedwa kwabayi-7 abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengu-19 uhlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwengqondoLesi sibalo siyanda, futhi i-hyperconnectivity ikwandisa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpilo zethu zangasese ziya ngokuya zihlangana nobunikazi bethu bedijithali, kanye nezingozi eziwumphumela uma izinyathelo zokuphepha zihluleka.

Ukushintsha okusheshisiwe emsebenzini okude kulandela ubhubhane kwaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kodwa nezinselelo ezintsha. E-Spain, cishe u-7,5% wabantu abasebenzayo usebenza ukude okungenani ingxenye yosuku lwabo lokusebenza; lolu shintsho olukhulu lwadalula izinkampani eziningi nochwepheshe ukwebiwa kwemininingwane, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, nokulungiselelwa kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya okungavikelekileNakulokhu, imikhuba yenza umehluko.

Futhi akukhona konke mayelana nokuphepha: iplanethi nayo isengozini. Ukunethezeka esenza siphinde sigcine idatha kusiholela ekuqongeleleni ulwazi olungabalulekile esingaluboni nokulubona. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yedatha esiyikhiqizayo iwudoti wedijithali futhi ayisetshenziswa; lo "doti" ongabonakali usekela izinsizakalo, izipele, namaseva adla amandla. Yingakho ke, Ukuhleleka kwedijithali nokuhlanzeka nakho kuwukusimama.

Imikhuba yansuku zonke esebenzayo (futhi ehlala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi)

Umkhuba wokuqala ulula futhi unamandla: Ungalali neselula yakhoUkugwema ukuyibuka ngaphambi kokuyolala nalapho uvuka kunciphisa okokufaka okungalungile (i-imeyili evamile engafika ngesikhathi noma umlayezo ovusa imicabango yethu) futhi kusisiza ukuthi silale.

Kuyasiza futhi ukuhlela imisebenzi yakho yedijithali: i-slot yesikhathi esisodwa ye-imeyili, enye eyokuthumela imiyalezo, nesinye inkundla yezokuxhumana. Ukuphendula ngokushesha kudala umuzwa ongamanga wokuphuthuma, lapho okunempilo... sebenza emabhuloki wokunakaLapho usebenza ukude, ukubeka isikhathi sokuqala nesokugcina sosuku kungenye isithiyo esibalulekile sokugwema ukwelula amahora akho okusebenza ungazi.

Lapho sibhekene nesilingo sokwabelana ngayo yonke into, ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo: yabelana ngokuncane nangokuqonda. Ukuchayeka ngokweqile emphakathini kuholela ekucindezelekeni kwemizwelo ngisho nasezingcupheni zokuvikeleka. Futhi, kunjalo, Bheka imisebenzi ye-analog ukuze unxephezele isikhathi sesikrini: ezemidlalo, ukufunda ephepheni, ukuhamba, umculo ngaphandle kweselula… noma yini engcono kakhulu ekukusekela emhlabeni.

Ngempilo engokomzimba yezisebenzi ezikude, amakhefu abonakalayo emizuzu emi-5 njalo ngehora, isitulo se-ergonomic, kanye negajethi evikela amalunga (isibonelo, iphedi yegundane enosekelo) konke kuyinzuzo. Lawa ama-micro-gesture okuthi, ndawonye, Zivimbela ukukhathala nokulimala..

I-Essential Digital Hygiene Uhlu Lokuhlola

Amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi aphethwe kahle

• Isevisi eyodwa ehlukileUngaphinde usebenzise efanayo kuma-akhawunti amaningi.
• Ukushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile yemininingwane ebalulekile yokunciphisa imithelela uma iputshuziwe.
• Ubude obuncane bezinhlamvu eziyi-12 kanye kahle kakhulu, ukuhlanganisa osonhlamvukazi, izinhlamvu ezincane, izinombolo kanye izimpawu.
• Gwema amaphethini asobala (1234, 1111) kanye nolwazi oluqagelwa kalula njengosuku lokuzalwa noma igama lesilwane.
• Shintsha amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo kumadivayisi e-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT).
• Ungawakhombi ngokusobala noma wabelane ngawo; uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa umphathi wephasiwedi ukuzikhiqiza nokuzigcina.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi (MFA)

• Vikela ama-akhawunti abalulekile njenge-imeyili, inkundla yezokuxhumana, noma ukubhanga nge-MFA, ngokusebenzisa amakhodi noma i-biometrics.
• Londoloza amakhodi okuthola kabusha e-MFA kusiphathi sephasiwedi.

Izipele

• Izipele ezivamile zamafayela abalulekile efwini kanye/noma kuvuliwe i-hard drive yangaphandle inqanyuliwe.

Ubumfihlo kanye nokuvezwa esidlangalaleni

• Ungashicileli idatha ebucayi (ikheli, inombolo yocingo, izithombe eziyimfihlo noma izinombolo zekhadi) esidlangalaleni.
• Buyekeza futhi ulungise i Izilungiselelo zobumfihlo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
• Gwema uhlu lwemibuzo namageyimu acela ulwazi lomuntu siqu olungadingekile.
• Buyekeza izimvume ezinikezwe kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye; okuncane okuningi.
• Gcina ikhompuyutha yakho neselula ikhiyiwe nge-PIN noma iphasiwedi.
• Gwema ukudalula idatha eyimfihlo lapho usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yomphakathi; uma ingekho enye indlela, Sebenzisa i-VPN.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi okwenziwayo kusebenzisa i-https (i-padlock ebonakalayo).
• Yabelana ngemikhuba emihle yobumfihlo nomndeni nabangane.

Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware nokuhlanza

• Buyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza, iziphequluli, amasistimu, kanye ne-firmware njalo ukuze uvale ubungozi.
• Yenza kusebenze i- izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo lapho kungenzeka.
• Khipha ongasakusebenzisi ukuze unciphise indawo yokuhlasela.
• Landa izinhlelo zokusebenza kuphela emithonjeni esemthethweni nethembekile.

Irutha nenethiwekhi yasekhaya

• Shintsha igama lenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi (I-SSID) kanye nemininingwane ezenzakalelayo.
• Gcina i-router firmware olusha.
• Khubaza ukufinyelela okukude, i-UPnP, ne-WPS uma ingabalulekile.
• Dala inethiwekhi ehlukile yezihambeli.
• Sebenzisa ukubethela kwe-WPA2 noma i-WPA3 ukuze uvikele ithrafikhi.

Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo kanye nezixhumanisi zogibe

• Ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma uzivule Ama-imeyili ngokungangabazi.
• Gwema ukulanda izinanyathiselwa ezingalindelekile nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS.
• Qaphela izikhangiso ezithembisa imali, imiklomelo, noma izaphulelo eziyisimangaliso.

I-Firewall kanye ne-antivirus

• Sebenzisa i-firewall ukuvimba ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ku-inthanethi.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-firewall iyiyo imiswe kahle.
• Faka isofthiwe yekhwalithi ye-antivirus, igcine ibuyekeziwe, futhi ushejule ukuskena.

Ukubethela okuvikelekile nokususwa

• Bethela amakhompyutha aphathekayoamaphilisi, omakhalekhukhwini, amadrayivu akhiphekayo, izipele kanye isitoreji emafini ngedatha ebucayi.
• Ngaphambi kokuthengisa noma ukuvuselela idivayisi, hlanza ngokuphephile idiski: ukususa amafayela akwanele; kufanele futhi... ifomethi bese ubhala phezu.

Umsebenzi oqhelile kanye nekhaya elixhunyiwe: ukuphepha nempilo

Emsebenzini oqhelile, indawo yokusebenza ishintshela egumbini lokuhlala. Lokhu kufuna Gwema amanethiwekhi omphakathi avulekileXhuma enkampanini nge-VPN futhi usebenzise iphasiwedi kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-MFA kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti ezinkampani.

Imishini yasekhaya exhunyiwe (umsizi wezwi, ikhonsoli yegeyimu, i-robot vacuum) kufanele ilungiswe kahle: amagama ayimfihlo ahlukile, i-firmware ebuyekeziwe, futhi, uma kungenzeka, inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engayodwa. Ngokuvamile, ushintsho olulula lwegama lomsebenzisi kanye ukukhubaza izinketho ezingadingekile gwema lezimanga.

Futhi akukhona konke mayelana ne-cybersecurity: ukuze ugcine ukukhiqiza, kuhle ukuhlela imizuzu engu-5 yekhefu lamehlo njalo ngehora, unake i-ergonomics enesihlalo esifanelekile nezisekelo ezivikela izihlakala zakho nomhlane. Umgomo uwukugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokudela impilo.

Ukuhlanzeka kokulala ngogesi

Izinga lethu lokulala liyaphazamiseka uma sichitha ingxenye yokugcina yosuku sigxuma sisuka kuhlelo lokusebenza siye kuhlelo lokusebenza. Indlela ebizwa nge-e-hygiene iphakamisa ukubeka izikrini kude futhi Vala i-Wi-Fi okungenani ihora ngaphambi kokulala, into esiza ekunqamuleni ingqondo nokuhlonipha isigqi sokulala.

Uma ungakwazi ukuwagwema kusenesikhathi, yenza kusebenze izihlungi zokukhanya okuluhlaza noma amamodi asebusuku ukuze unciphise umthelela wazo. Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso esihle kakhulu gcina igumbi lokulala liyindawo engenabuchwepheshe, ngaphandle komakhalekhukhwini noma amaphilisi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo enokuthula ngempela.

Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-melatonin futhi kuphazamisa iwashi lebhayoloji; ngakho-ke, ukungahlanzeki kwe-electronic kungabangela ubunzima bokulala, ukuvuka ebusuku, nokukhathala lapho uvuka. Ngemikhuba emihle, inani nekhwalithi yokulala kuyathuthuka. izinga lokulala ebusuku.

Ukuhleleka kwedijithali nokusimama: umsindo omncane, umkhondo omncane

Emhlabeni wedijithali, izinto "azidli isikhala" futhi amadivayisi anamandla akhula njalo, ngakho siqongelela ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlangenwe nakho akukhuni: ukudala nokugcina akudingi noma yimuphi umzamo. Silahlekelwa umkhuba wokulahla okungenamsebenzi.

Inkinga ukuthi lesi sifo sinamandla okungabonakali. Asiziboni izinxushunxushu njengoba sizobona igumbi elingcolile, kodwa likhona futhi linesisindo esikhulu: inciphisa imishiniLokhu kwenza ukusesha kube nzima futhi kukhuphule ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kusitoreji nokukopishwa. Okuningi esikugcinayo imfucuza yedijithali okungekho muntu ozoyisebenzisa; ngakho-ke, hlela ukuhlanzwa okuvamile (amafayela, izithombe, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-imeyili) kubaluleke njengokubuyekeza.

Cabanga ngakho njengokunakekelwa kwemoto: uma kwenziwa ngesikhathi, isistimu isebenza kahle, izingozi ziyancipha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyancishiswa. Amadivayisi ahleliwe namaphrofayili akamuva ayizimpawu ze... indawo encane yokuhlasela kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo.

Amathuluzi nemikhuba ehamba phambili eyenza ukuphila kube lula

Umphathi wephasiwedi ususa izaba zokungakwazi ukukhumbula imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi; kuhlanganiswe nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi (amakhodi avela kuhlelo lokusebenza noma i-biometrics), ezokuphepha zikhuphuka ngezinotshi ezimbalwaIhambisane nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo zamasistimu nezinhlelo zokuvala ubungozi ngokushesha nje lapho amapeshi ekhishwa.

Ama-firewall alawula ithrafikhi futhi avimbe ukufinyelela okungafuneki; isofthiwe ethembekile ye-antivirus ithola futhi isuse uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha uma kukhona okudlulayo. Hlela ukuskena okujwayelekile futhi uhlole izexwayiso; futhi, thintana nabaqondisi be Thola ukuthi idivayisi yakho ye-Android intshontshiwe yiniFuthi uma uzosusa idivayisi, sebenzisa isofthiwe yokusula idatha. fometha bese ubhala phezu idiski; ungalokothi unikeze idivayisi enedatha ebuyisekayo.

Izikhumbuzi ezizenzakalelayo ezincane (ikhalenda noma uhlelo lokusebenza lomsebenzi njenge UmcabangoLawa mathuluzi asiza ukuqinisa isimiso: ukuskena amagciwane njalo, ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo, ukuhlanza i-hard drive yakho, ukuhlola izimvume, nokwenza izipele. Ngokuphindaphinda, ukuhlanzeka kwedijithali kuyathuthuka. kuba umkhuba futhi hhayi umzamo.

Imindeni kanye nesiko lokuvimbela

Ukuhlanzeka kwedijithali nakho kuyinto edinga ukufundiswa. Njengoba nje sifundisa izingane ukuxubha amazinyo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukusungula imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko ekhaya. imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa kahle Ubuchwepheshe obunezingane kanye nentsha: isikhathi sesikrini, inhlonipho yobumfihlo, ukungabelani ngedatha, nokucela usizo ngemilayezo engajwayelekile noma izixhumanisi.

Kunezinhlelo nokuhlola okusivumela ukuthi sihlole ukuthi sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuzibophezela futhi sikhombe izindawo okufanele sizithuthukise. Okubalulekile ukuthi nikhulume, nivumelane futhi nisekelane: isiko elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwemindeni, phakathi kwabangane, noma emsebenzini liyakwandisa umphumela imikhuba emihle.

Ukwenza ukuhlanzeka kwedijithali kube umkhuba oqhubekayo kuletha ukuvikeleka, inhlalakahle, nokuhleleka: amaphasiwedi aqinile kanye ne-MFA, izibuyekezo nezipele, amarutha acushwe kahle namanethiwekhi, ubumfihlo obungaphansi kokulawulwa, umsindo omncane nokulala okungcono, kanye neso kumthelela wendawo; ngaleso sisekelo, Impilo yakho eku-inthanethi iba ephephile, ibe nempilo, futhi isimeme..