Kuyini i-madware: ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

Uma usebenzisa ifoni yakho ephathekayo noma ikhompyutha nsuku zonke, uzofuna ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-madware nokuthi ingena kanjani ezweni le-malware . Asikhulumi nje ngama-virus ajwayelekile, kodwa nezinhlelo eziningi ezikucasulayo, ezikuhluphayo, ezintshontsha idatha, ezibonisa izikhangiso njalo, noma ezintshontsha amafayela akho ukuze zifune imali. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ngokuningiliziwe ukuze ugweme ukuwela ogibeni lwazo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ngokucacile nangokuqondile ukuthi iyini i-madware, ukuthi ihlobene kanjani ne -adware kanye neminye i-malware , ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsongo ezikhona namuhla, ukuthi zisakazeka kanjani, yiziphi izindlela ezizisebenzisayo ukufihla, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzivikele ekhaya noma ebhizinisini lakho. Khululeka ngoba sizogxila kule ndaba, kodwa sisebenzisa ulimi olulula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iyini i-madware futhi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlelo ze-malware?

Igama elithi "madware" livame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza i-adware "ehlanyayo" noma ephazamisa kakhulu , ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi eselula nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala: ukukhangisa okuqhubekayo, ama-pop-up angeke avalwe, ukuqondisa kabusha ngenkathi uphequlula, ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ngaphandle kwemvume, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokweqile kanye nebhethri. Ngobuchwepheshe, kusekelwe ku- adware , kodwa ngokuziphatha okunolaka kangangokuthi kufinyela noma kweqe umugqa ku-malware yakudala.

Uma sikhuluma nge- malware (isofthiwe enonya) , sibhekisela kunoma yiluphi uhlelo noma ikhodi esebenza ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile yomsebenzisi futhi yenza izenzo ezilimazayo: ukweba ulwazi, ukubethela amafayela, ukwehlisa ukusebenza, ukulawula uhlelo, noma ukusebenzisa idivayisi njengengxenye yenethiwekhi yobugebengu. Lesi sigaba esibanzi sihlanganisa amagciwane, izikelemu, ama-Trojans, i-ransomware, i-spyware, i-adware/madware enonya, nokunye okuningi.

I-Madware iwela endaweni engwevu eceleni kwe-grayware : izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabhubhisi idatha noma izinhlelo, kodwa ezifakwa ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacile, eziqoqa ulwazi oluningi, ezishintsha izilungiselelo zesiphequluli, noma ezifaka izikhangiso esikrinini sakho. Azibhubhisi kakhulu kunezinye izinsongo, kodwa ziyacasula futhi zivula iminyango yokuhlaselwa okukhulu.

Kumadivayisi eselula, i-malware ivame ukufika ifakiwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezibonakala zikhululekile futhi ziwusizo (izibani, imidlalo elula, ama-optimizer mbumbulu, njll.) empeleni ezenza imali ngenkuthalo ngedatha yomsebenzisi kanye nokunaka. Nakuba ngokwemfundiso wamukela imigomo nemibandela yabo, imibhalo yezomthetho ivame ukudideka futhi ayichazi ngokucacile ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luzokwenzani.

Izisusa kanye nezinhloso zabadali be-malware

Ngawo-80s no-90s, izinhlelo eziningi ezinonya zazimane ziyimigilingwane yekhompyutha yokubonisa ikhono noma ukuzazisa . Namuhla isimo sihlukile: inhloso eyinhloko ukwenza imali noma ukuthola izinzuzo zamasu (ubunhloli, ukucekela phansi, ukusongela, njll.).

Izisusa ezivame kakhulu zokuthuthukisa i-malware ukuthola inzuzo yezomnotho eqondile noma engaqondile , ukubangela umonakalo wezobuchwepheshe noma idumela, ukweba ulwazi olubucayi, noma, emkhakheni wezepolitiki, ukwenza imisebenzi yobuhlakani obukhulu noma yokubhubhisa kusetshenziswa izinsongo eziqhubekayo ezithuthukisiwe (ama-APT).

Phakathi kwezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwenza imali kubalwa ukwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu neyenkampani ethengiswayo noma ukusetshenziswa kokukhwabanisa, ukusongela i-ransomware, ukukhwabanisa kwamakhadi esikweletu kanye nokubhange ku-inthanethi, ukwebiwa kobunikazi, ukuxhashazwa kwamakhompyutha ama-zombie (ama-botnets) ukuthumela ugaxekile, ukusingatha okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni noma ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, kanye, emkhakheni we-madware, ukuxhashazwa okukhulu kokukhangisa kanye nokulandelela abasebenzisi abaningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokusebenza isiye yaba yezimboni: amamodeli afana ne -malware njengesevisi (MaaS) , i-ransomware njengesevisi (RaaS) , kanye ne-phishing njengesevisi (PHAaS) avele , lapho amaqembu akhethekile ethuthukisa khona ubuchwepheshe futhi abuqashise kwezinye izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezinolwazi oluncane lobuchwepheshe, ukuze bathole ikhomishini yenzuzo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-malware, i-adware, kanye ne-madware

Umhlaba we-malware mkhulu kakhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqonda izigaba eziyinhloko ngoba zivame ukufana. Ukuhlasela okukodwa kungahlanganisa kalula ama-Trojans, i-spyware, i-ransomware, kanye ne-malvertising.

I-malware "yakudala": amagciwane, izibungu, ama-Trojans, namabhomu e-logic

Ama-virus ekhompyutha ayizingcezu zekhodi ezizifaka kufayela noma idokhumenti elisebenzisekayo bese zisebenza uma livulwa. Ziphindaphinda ngaphakathi kohlelo, zithelele amanye amafayela futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibhubhise idatha noma zinciphise ijubane lekhompyutha.

Ama-worm asebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa awadingi ukuthi uvule noma yini: asakazeka wodwa kunethiwekhi , esebenzisa ubuthakathaka ohlelweni lokusebenza noma izinsizakalo eziveziwe. Ngokuvamile adala ithrafikhi eningi futhi acekela phansi kakhulu ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi namadivayisi.

Ihhashi leTrojan liziveza njengohlelo olusemthethweni noma oluwusizo, kodwa lifihla ukusebenza okunonya: ukuvumela ukulawula okukude, ukuvula umnyango wangemuva, ukufaka amanye ama-malware (ama-dropper), ukweba iziqinisekiso noma idatha yasebhange, njll. Embusweni we-madware, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi "zamahhala" ezisebenza njengeziTrojan ezinezimojuli zokukhangisa eziphazamisayo kanye ne-spyware.

Amabhomu e-logic , noma amabhomu esikhathi, yizinhlelo ezihlala zifihliwe kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nesimo esithile: usuku oluthile, inani elithile lokwenziwa, noma umcimbi othize. Uma zisebenza, zingasusa idatha, ziyibethele, noma zikhubaze izinsizakalo ezibalulekile.

I-Adware, i-madware kanye ne-malvertising

I-Adware iyisofthiwe eyenzelwe ukubonisa ukukhangisa. Ngendlela yayo "esemthethweni" , ingaba yingxenye yamamodeli e-freemium (izinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala ezifaka izikhangiso), kodwa inkinga iphakama uma ifakwa ngendlela engacacile, ikhombisa izikhangiso eziphazamisayo, iguqula isiphequluli, futhi iqoqa idatha ngaphandle kwemvume yangempela . Yilapho i-adware ishintsha khona ibe yi-madware, uhlobo olunolaka kakhulu lwe-adware.

I-Madware ibonakala ngezikhangiso eziqhubekayo kumaselula noma kumakhompyutha , ukuqondisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, ukulanda okufihliwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinguquko ekhasini lasekhaya noma enjinini yokusesha, ukubhalisela buthule kumasevisi e-SMS anenani eliphakeme, kanye nokuqoqwa okukhulu kwedatha yokusetshenziswa kokumaketha okungavunyelwene ngakho.

Okuhlobene nalokhu ukukhohlisa : imikhankaso yokukhangisa enonya esatshalaliswa ngamanethiwekhi ezikhangiso asemthethweni. Ibhena elula kuwebhusayithi eyaziwayo ingaqukatha ikhodi esebenzisa ubuthakathaka besiphequluli ukufaka i-malware, ukuqondisa kabusha kumakhasi e-phishing, noma ukulayisha izikripthi zokumba i-cryptocurrency . Isibonelo esisebenzayo sezixhumanisi zokukhwabanisa kanye ne-malware kumapulatifomu evidiyo silotshiwe ezimweni zokukhwabanisa kwe-YouTube.

Enye indlela ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwe-madware/adware ecosystem amakhukhi okulandelela avela eceleni , avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafakwe kuphrofayela kumawebhusayithi amaningi. Nakuba amaningi asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokukhangisa ezisemthethweni, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwawo kanye nokuntuleka kokubonakala kuye kwaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu, njengokususwa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamakhukhi avela eceleni kuziphequluli ezifana ne-Chrome.

I-Spyware, ama-keylogger, kanye nokwebiwa kolwazi

I-Spyware isofthiwe eqoqa ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzisi kanye nedivayisi yakhe ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile. Ingaqopha amawebhusayithi avakashelwe, iziqinisekiso zokungena ngemvume, imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, okuqukethwe kwe-imeyili, noma amadokhumenti, bese ithumela lolu lwazi kuseva elawulwa umhlaseli.

Ngaphakathi kwe-spyware kukhona okukhethekile okukhethekile: ama-keylogger aqopha ukuchofoza, ama-trojan asebhange avimba ukuthengiselana namabhange kanye nabathengisi, ama-infostealers akhipha okuqukethwe kweziphequluli kanye nabaphathi be-imeyili, noma ama-stalkerware agxile ekuhloleni ngokweqile omakhalekhukhwini (indawo, izingcingo, imiyalezo, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, izithombe…).

Ama-Cryptostealers kanye ne-clipper malware , aklanyelwe ukweba ama-cryptocurrencies, afanelwe ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile . Ngokuvamile aqapha ibhodi lokunamathisela futhi, uma ethola ikheli lesikhwama semali, alishintshe ngelinye elilawulwa umhlaseli, ngaleyo ndlela aqondise kabusha ukudluliselwa konke ngaphandle kokuqaphela komsebenzisi.

I-Ransomware, ama-wiper kanye ne-cryptojacking

I-Ransomware ibhala amafayela kudivayisi noma ivimbele ngokuphelele ukufinyelela ohlelweni, bese ifuna inkokhelo (ngokuvamile nge-cryptocurrency) ukuze ithole ukhiye wokususa ukubethela noma isithembiso sokungashicileli idatha eyebiwe. Namuhla, amaqembu e-ransomware ahlanganisa ukubethela, ukwebiwa kwedatha, kanye nokuphanga komphakathi.

I -wiper ifana ngokushaya, kodwa umgomo wayo akukhona ukuqoqa isihlengo, kodwa kunalokho ukusula idatha ngobuningi futhi unomphela . Ibonakale ekuhlaselweni okubhekiswe ezinhlanganweni ezibalulekile kanye nengqalasizinda, ngezinye izikhathi ezimweni zokungqubuzana phakathi kwezifundazwe.

Ukuntshontsha i-Crypto (noma ukuntshontsha i-crypto okunonya ) kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-CPU noma i-GPU yakho ukumba i-cryptocurrency ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Ingasebenza njengohlelo ohlelweni lwakho noma njengesikripthi sesiphequluli . Igcwalisa izinsiza, ishise kakhulu ikhompyutha yakho, futhi ikhuphule kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla noma kwebhethri, ngaphandle kokunikeza umsebenzisi izinzuzo.

Ama-Rootkit, ama-rogueware, nezinye izinsongo ezikhethekile

Ama-Rootkit ayisethi yamathuluzi enzelwe ukufihla ukuba khona kwamanye ama-malware futhi enze kube lula ukulawula uhlelo okuqhubekayo. Angafihla amafayela, izinqubo, ukuxhumana , noma okhiye bokubhalisa. Amanye afaka izindlela zokuzivusa: uma uzama ukubulala inqubo eyodwa, enye izoyiqalisa kabusha kungakapheli ama-millisecond.

I-Rogueware izenza sengathi i-antivirus, i-antispyware, noma amathuluzi okuhlanza, kodwa empeleni iyi-malware. Ivame ukusebenzisa amaqhinga e-scareware , ibonise izexwayiso ezingamanga mayelana nokutheleleka okukhulu ukuze iluthe abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhele inguqulo "egcwele", okungcono kakhulu, engenzi lutho futhi, okubi kakhulu, ifake ikhodi enonya kakhulu.

Siphinde sithole izinsongo eziqondile kakhulu njengezidayeli ( ezazidayela izinombolo zezinga le-premium enkathini yesimanje), izigebengu zesiphequluli , i-web skimming (ikhodi efihliwe ezitolo eziku-inthanethi ukuze kwebiwe idatha yekhadi lesikweletu), noma i-malware engenamafayela , esebenza kwimemori kuphela futhi engashiyi mkhondo kudiski.

Indlela i-malware kanye ne-malware ezisakazeka ngayo

I-Malware, okuhlanganisa ne-madware, ingangena ezinhlelweni ngeziteshi ezahlukahlukene. Nakuba i-imeyili enezixhumanisi noma izinamathiselo ezinonya (i-malspam) ihlala ivame kakhulu, akuyona yodwa. I-Malware isatshalaliswa nangokulandwa okukhohlisayo, amawebhusayithi asengozini, izikhangiso ezinonya, amadrayivu e-USB athelelekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula eziguquliwe, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-software supply chain.

Esimweni esithile se-madware, indlela evamile ukufakwa ngokuzithandela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifihla amamojula okukhangisa anolaka . Amaningi alandwa ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni zangaphandle, kodwa ngisho nezindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni zingagcina izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinama-SDK okukhangisa angabazekayo aqoqa idatha eningi kunokudingekile noma abonise izikhangiso eziphazamisayo. Ukulanda okukhohlisayo kumapulatifomu emidlalo kuyisibonelo sendlela isofthiwe ebonakala isemthethweni engase ibe sengozini ngayo.

Ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kuziphequluli , ama-plugin, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma izinsizakalo eziveziwe nakho kuyi-vector ebalulekile. Abahlaseli basebenzisa ama-exploits kanye nama-automated exploits kits ukuthola izinhlelo ezindala futhi bazibeke engcupheni ngaphandle kokufuna ukuthi isisulu senze okungaphezu kokuvakashela iwebhusayithi noma ukuvula idokhumenti.

Ezinye izindlela zokusabalalisa zifaka phakathi amanethiwekhi okwabelana ngamafayela e-P2P, amadrayivu e-USB axhunywe kumakhompyutha amaningi, i-SMS kanye nemiyalezo esheshayo enezixhumanisi eziya kumakhasi mbumbulu , noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinsizakalo ezisemthethweni njengezifinyezo ze-URL, isitoreji samafu , kanye namanethiwekhi omphakathi.

Amasu okufihla nokugwema athuthukile

Ukuze iphile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokutholakala, i-malware isebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zamasu okufiphaza nokugwema . Eziningi zalezi zindlela zihilela ukubethela ikhodi yayo noma ukuyishintsha njalo ukuze amasignesha e-antivirus avamile angakwazi ukuyibona.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezibethelwe, ezi-oligomorphic, ezi-polymorphic, kanye nezi-metamorphic . Kokuqala, ingxenye kuphela yekhodi ebethelwe, futhi imojuli encane inesibopho sokuyisusa ekukhumbuleni. Ezinhlotsheni ze-polymorphic, le mojuli ishintsha njalo ngenxa yenjini yokuguqulwa ehlanganisiwe. Izinhlobo ze-metamorphic ziya phambili nakakhulu, zibhala kabusha cishe wonke umzimba wazo phakathi kokutheleleka, zigcina ukuziphatha okufanayo kodwa ngekhodi ehluke ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziningi zibhala ngemfihlo yonke ithrafikhi yazo yangaphandle, zisebenzisa amaphrothokholi okushintshana ngokhiye njenge-Diffie-Hellman , futhi zisebenzisa i-DNS enamandla, ama-algorithms okukhiqiza isizinda , noma i-domain shadowing ukuze kufakwe ingqalasizinda yomyalo nokulawula (C&C) okunzima kakhulu ukuyivimba ngohlu olulula lwabamnyama.

Elinye isu ukufihla ukuxhumana kwabo ngaphakathi kwezinsizakalo ezidumile: amanethiwekhi omphakathi, amabhulogi, amapulatifomu evidiyo, noma izinsizakalo ze-Google . Abanye bashiya imiyalelo noma amakheli e-C&C afihliwe ezincazelweni zevidiyo, kumazwana, kumakhalenda omphakathi, noma ngisho nasezithombeni besebenzisa amasu e-steganography; izinkinga ezihlobene nobuthakathaka kanye nokuxhashazwa zibhalwe phansi kumapulatifomu evidiyo afana ne-YouTube.

Akukho ukushoda kwamasu okuthola izindawo zokuhlaziya : i-malware ihlola ukuthi isebenza yini emshinini obonakalayo, ebhokisini lesanti, noma endaweni yelebhu, futhi uma ithola eyodwa, ishintsha ukuziphatha kwayo ukuze kubonakale kungenangozi noma kumane kungasebenzi. Eminye imindeni igcina ngisho nohlu olumnyama lwama-IP okuhlaziya ukuze yabelane ngalolu lwazi neminye imikhankaso.

Ubugebengu be-inthanethi njengesevisi: lapho i-malware iqashiswa

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yonke yobugebengu be-inthanethi njengesevisi (i-CaaS) iye yachuma . Amaqembu ahleliwe anikeza amadeshibhodi asekelwe efwini lapho noma ubani, onolwazi oluncane lobuchwepheshe, angaqala khona imikhankaso ye-malware: khetha uhlobo lokuhlasela, ulayishe uhlu lwemeyili, uphathe izinkokhelo zesihlengo, ubuke izibalo... konke ngokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufakiwe.

Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo, kuvela izinhlobo ezikhethekile, njenge- MaaS (i-malware njengesevisi) , i-RaaS (i-ransomware njengesevisi) , i-DDoSaaS (i-DDoS njengesevisi) , nezinye. Abathuthukisi banesibopho sokugcina nokuthuthukisa ikhodi (ukufihla okukhulu, izici ezintsha, ukubethela okungcono), kuyilapho izinkampani ezisebenzisana nazo zisingatha ukusatshalaliswa. Inzuzo yabelwana ngokwamaphesenti avunyelwene ngawo kusengaphambili.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimali ze-crypto, izinkundla ezingaphansi komhlaba, amanethiwekhi okungaziwa njenge-Tor, kanye namasu okuhlanzwa kwemali kusho ukuthi, uma ingqalasizinda isilungisiwe, ingozi ebonakala yabahlaseli iphansi , kuyilapho inzuzo engaba khona ingaba phezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni kwe-ransomware okuqondiswe ezinkampanini ezinkulu.

Amathuluzi nemibono ehlobene ne-malware

Imiqondo eminingi namathuluzi agxile ku-malware okufanele iqondwe ngoba isetshenziselwa kokubili ukuhlasela nokuzivikela . Ezinye izibonelo ezibalulekile:

• Iminyango yangemuvaEzinye izindlela zokufinyelela uhlelo oludlula ukuqinisekiswa okuvamile. I-Malware ingazifaka ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwesikhathi esizayo.
• Shayela ngokulandaUkulanda buthule okwenzeka lapho uvakashela iwebhusayithi esengozini, ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubonakalayo komsebenzisi.
• botnets: amanethiwekhi amadivayisi e-zombie alawulwa kude asetshenziselwa ukuthumela ugaxekile, ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, ukumba imali yedijithali, noma ukusabalalisa i-malware eyengeziwe.
• Izimbiza zoju kanye ne-honeynet: izinhlelo zogibe noma amanethiwekhi aklanyelwe ukuheha ukuhlaselwa nokufunda amaqhinga ezigebengu ze-inthanethi.
• Ama-Exploit kitsAmathuluzi ahlanganisa izinto eziningi ezilungele ukusetshenziswa, enzelwe kokubili abaphenyi kanye nezigebengu.
• Izikena ze-Port kanye nobuthakathakaIzinsiza (ezifana ne-nmap noma i-OpenVAS) ezivumela ukuhlonza izinsizakalo eziveziwe kanye namaphutha okuphepha angasetshenziswa yi-malware.
• Izinsizakalo zokuxazulula i-CAPTCHA kanye nezifinyezo ze-URL: ingqalasizinda i-malware engayisebenzisa ukuzenzakalela ukubhaliswa, ukufihla izixhumanisi ezinonya, nokuqoqa izibalo zezisulu.

Kukhona futhi umhlaba wonke wamathuluzi okuzivikela : i-antivirus yendabuko kanye ne-antimalware, i-antispyware, ama-firewall, izinhlelo zokuthola nokuvimbela ukungena (i-IDS/IPS), ukutholwa kwe-endpoint kanye nempendulo (i-EDR), ukutholwa nokuphendula okunwetshiwe (i-XDR), kanye nezixazululo zokuphathwa kwemicimbi yokuphepha (i-SIEM) kanye ne-orchestration (i-SOAR) ezenza ngokuzenzakalelayo impendulo yezehlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-AI ekuhlaziyeni i-malware nokuthuthukisa ukutholwa.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi utheleleke yi-malware noma i-madware

Ezimweni eziningi, uzobona izimpawu ezicacile zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ukusebenza kwedivayisi kuyinkomba yokuqala: uma konke kwehla ngokuzumayo, ifeni iqalisa ngaphandle kwesizathu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ziphahlazeka, noma isiphequluli sithatha isikhathi ukuvula amathebhu alula, kufanele ube nokungabaza.

Uma kwenzeka i-madware kanye ne-adware ephazamisayo, kuvamile ukubona amafasitela avele njalo, ukuqondisa kabusha kumawebhusayithi angajwayelekile , amabha wamathuluzi amasha kusiphequluli, izinguquko ekhasini lasekhaya noma enjinini yokusesha ngaphandle kokuthi uzilungise, ngisho nezaziso zesistimu ezinikeza "ukuhlanza ikhompyutha" noma ukufaka isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane eyisimangaliso.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka zifaka phakathi ukulahleka kwesikhala sediski okungachazeki , ukwanda kwedatha noma ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri kumadivayisi eselula, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo kakhulu ngisho noma ungenzi lutho, ukubonakala kwezinhlelo ongakhumbuli ukuzifaka, noma ukuvala i-antivirus ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuthi uyithinte.

Uma inkinga kuyi-ransomware noma i-wiper, izimpawu zinkulu kakhulu: ulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kumafayela akho, ubona imiyalezo ye-ransomware esikrinini , noma uhlelo aluqedi ngisho nokuqalisa kabusha. Kulezi zimo, ukwenza ngokushesha nangokuhlakanipha kwenza umehluko phakathi kokululama okuhlelekile kanye nenhlekelele enkulu.

Indlela yokususa i-malware kanye ne-madware kumadivayisi akho

Uma usola ukuthi uthelelekile, isinyathelo sokuqala ukunqanda inkinga : nqamula idivayisi yakho kunethiwekhi (exhunywe ngocingo kanye ne-Wi-Fi) ukuze uvimbele i-malware ukuthi ingasabalali, yebe idatha eyengeziwe, noma ithole imiyalo eyengeziwe. Uma kungenzeka, yeka ukusebenzisa idivayisi kuze kube yilapho isiskenwe ithuluzi elithembekile.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuskena uhlelo ngesofthiwe enhle yokulwa ne-malware . Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezibuyekeziwe futhi, uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa amaskeni usuka endaweni ehlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, isibonelo, ngokuvula imodi ephephile noma ukusebenzisa i- medium ebhuthayo yokubulala amagciwane .

Ngemva kokususa izinsongo ezitholakele, kungcono ukususa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisolisayo (ikakhulukazi kumaselula ane-madware), ukuhlanza amafayela esikhashana , ukuhlola izandiso zesiphequluli bese ubuyisela, uma kudingeka, ezinye izilungiselelo kumanani asefektri (isibonelo, kuziphequluli ezithinteke kakhulu yi-adware).

Ezimweni zokutheleleka okukhulu (ama-rootkit anamandla, i-critical ransomware, ama-wiper, noma ukuyekethisa okujulile), inketho ephephile ngokuvamile ukufometha ikhompyutha bese uyifaka kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni , bese ubuyisela idatha evela kuma-backups aqinisekisiwe. Kungase kubonakale kukhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyisiqinisekiso sangempela sokuhlanza okuphelele.

Uma konke sekuhlanziwe ngamagciwane, sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha amaphasiwedi nokubuyekeza izindawo zokufinyelela : i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, amabhange aku-inthanethi, izinsizakalo zamafu, ama-VPN ezinkampani , njll. Uma usola ukwephulwa kwedatha okubucayi, cabanga ngenkuthalo ngezinyathelo ezengeziwe njengokwazisa ibhange lakho, ukuvumela i-2FA, noma ngisho nokuvimba amakhadi.

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela i-malware, i-adware, kanye ne-madware

Ukuvimbela akulona iphutha, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi. Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kubalulekile ukugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza, iziphequluli, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini njalo , ukufaka isofthiwe evela emithonjeni esemthethweni kuphela (izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqashelwayo, amawebhusayithi abakhiqizi), futhi uqaphele "izivumelwano" ezibonakala zinhle kakhulu ukuba zingaba yiqiniso.

Kumadivayisi eselula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukufaka ama-APK avela emithonjeni engaziwa , ubuyekeze izimvume ezicelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza (ithoshi alidingi ukufinyelela koxhumana nabo noma indawo yakho ngaso sonke isikhathi ), hhayi ukujailbreak noma ukugxumela ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi kuhilelani, bese ususa ngokushesha noma yini ebonisa ukukhangisa okuhlukumezayo ngokucacile.

Kunconywa futhi ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile, ahlukile kusevisi ngayinye, okungcono kakhulu ngosizo lomphathi wephasiwedi, nokuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Uma uphequlula, qaphela izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili, imiyalezo yombhalo, noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi ugweme ukuchofoza izikhangiso ezivusa inkanuko noma ezikhanga kakhulu.

Ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixazululo zokuphepha ezinezigaba : i-antivirus/EDR kuma-endpoints, ama-firewall esizukulwane esilandelayo, izihlungi zokuqukethwe kwewebhu, izixazululo ze-imeyili ezinokuvikelwa kwe-phishing, i-SIEM yokuhlanganisa imicimbi kanye, ngokuya, amapulatifomu e-XDR ahlanganisa ukubonakala phakathi kwabasebenzisi, inethiwekhi, i-imeyili kanye nefu.

Okokugcina, abukho ubuchwepheshe obungathatha indawo yokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwe-cyber . Izigameko eziningi ezimbi ziqala ngokuchofoza okungekuhle esinamathiselweni noma kusixhumanisi. Ukuchitha isikhathi ekufundiseni abantu ukubona ama-imeyili asolisayo, amawebhusayithi mbumbulu, ama-pop-up e-malware, noma imikhuba eyingozi kungenye yezinyathelo ezingabizi kakhulu noma iyiphi inhlangano engazithatha.

Nakuba isimo se-malware, i-adware, i-madware, kanye nezinsongo ze-cyber ngokuvamile singase sibonakale sinzima, ukwazi izinhlobo zayo, ukuqonda ukuthi isakazeka kanjani, ukuthi ifihla kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezishiya ngemuva kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinengqondo kakhulu : ukukhetha kangcono lokho okufakayo, indlela ophequlula ngayo, ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi okuphepha owasebenzisayo, futhi, uma kudingeka, indlela osabela ngayo esigamekweni ukuze unciphise umonakalo empilweni yakho yedijithali kanye neyenkampani yakho.