Indlela yokwenza ngokuzenzakalela ama-backups ku-Linux nge-rsync kanye ne-cron

Uma uphatha amaseva noma usebenza nsuku zonke ne- LinuxKuzodingeka ukuthi ucabangele lokho maduze Indlela yokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-backups athembekile ngaphandle kokwenza impilo yakho ibe nzimaYilapho engena khona. rsyncIthuluzi elidala, elicwebezelisiwe kakhulu futhi elifanele ukudala ama-backups asheshayo, asheshayo, futhi okulula ukuwahlela nge cron.

Kulo mhlahlandlela uzobona, ngemininingwane eminingi futhi ngaphandle kokushaya i-bush, indlela yokusebenzisa i-rsync ukwenza ama-backups endawo, akude, agcwele, ahlukile kanye nawakhuphukayo , indlela yokwenza konke kube ngokuzenzakalela nge-cron, indlela yokukuhlanganisa ne-SSH ngaphandle kokucela iphasiwedi, ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha ajwayelekile okufanele uwagweme nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ezizokusindisa ezimangazweni ngosuku lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Kuyini i-rsync futhi kungani isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-backups?

I-Rsync iyithuluzi lomugqa womyalo elenzelwe ukuvumelanisa amafayela neziqondisi phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili: zingaba kukhompyutha efanayo, kumaseva ahlukene, noma ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezahlukene njenge-Linux, i-Unix , noma i-macOS.

Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko kunemiyalo elula efana cp o scp kunjalo Ayikopishi yonke into ngokuqondile, kodwa ikopisha kuphela lokho okushintshile phakathi komthombo nendawo okuyo.Ukuze wenze lokhu, iqhathanisa izinhlangothi zombili bese isebenzisa i-algorithm ethumela umehluko kuphela, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko. el tiempo ikhophi kanye nomkhawulokudonsa kusetshenzisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rsync iyiqonda kahle imethadatha yesistimu yamafayela : ingagcina izimvume, abanikazi, amaqembu, izitembu zesikhathi, izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso, noma amadivayisi, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kuma-backups ezingeni lesistimu kanye nokufuduka phakathi kwamaseva.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuhlanganiswa kwayo okungenamthungo ne-SSH , okuthola ukubethela nokuqinisekiswa kwale protocol. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usethe uhlelo lokusekela olukude oluvikelekile ngaphandle kokudinga ama-VPN noma izinsizakalo ezengeziwe, ngokusebenzisa nje ukufinyelela kwe-SSH osuvele usebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Ukufaka nokuqinisekisa i-rsync ku-Linux

Kuma-distribution amaningi anamuhla, i-rsync iza ifakwe kusengaphambili . Noma kunjalo, kuhlale kufanelekile ukuhlola inguqulo futhi, uma kudingeka, ukufaka noma ukubuyekeza iphakheji kusuka ezindaweni zokugcina ezisemthethweni.

Hlola ukuthi i-rsync ifakiwe yini

Kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian noma ku-Red Hat, ungenza into elula njengokuthi:

rsync --version

Uma umyalo ubuyisa ulwazi lwenguqulo, usuvele uyatholakala. Uma ubona umlayezo othi "umyalo awutholakalanga" noma into efanayo, kuzodingeka uwufake kusuka kumphathi wakho wephakheji.

Faka i-rsync ku-Ubuntu, i-Debian kanye ne-derivatives

Kuhlelo lwe-Ubuntu noma lwe-Debian, mane nje:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install rsync

Lokhu kuzokunikeza inguqulo enikezwe ukusatshalaliswa kwakho, okwanele amakhophi endawo nakude kanye nokwenza i-cron ngokuzenzakalela ezimweni eziningi.

Faka i-rsync ku-Red Hat, i-CentOS, i-Rocky Linux nokunye okufanayo

Ezindaweni ezisekelwe ku-Red Hat, i-CentOS, i-Rocky Linux noma i-AlmaLinux ungasebenzisa:

sudo dnf install rsync

Umphathi uzofaka i-rsync uma ingekho futhi uzohlola izibuyekezo uma usunayo kakade , ukuze ugcine inguqulo yakamuva kokubili emthonjeni nasendaweni oya kuyo.

I-syntax eyisisekelo kanye nezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-rsync

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lomyalo luqondile kakhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukuthola i-syntax ukuze ugweme ukudideka ngezindlela:

rsync ORIGEN DESTINO

Ukuze uvumelanise neseva ekude nge-SSH, yikuphi ukushintsha kombhalo wendawo oya kuyo noma indlela yomthombo:

rsync /ruta/local usuario@servidor:/ruta/remota

Ezinye izinketho eziyisisekelo ozosebenzisa njalo yilezi:

• -a: imodi yefayela. Ihlanganisa izinketho eziningana (-r, -l, -p, -t, -g, -o, -D) ye dlula ezinhlokweni ezingezansi bese ulondoloza izimvume, abanikazi, amaqembu, izikhathi, izixhumanisi, namadivayisi.
• -vImodi enemininingwane: Ibonisa lokho okukopishwayo. Iwusizo ekuqondeni yini eyenziwa yi-rsync kuphasi ngalinye.
• -z: icindezela idatha ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, okuyinto Londoloza umkhawulokudonsa kuzixhumanisi ezihamba kancane noma eziminyene.
• --progress: ikhombisa inqubekela phambili yesikhathi sangempela yamafayela adluliselwayo.
• --delete: isusa amafayela endaweni lapho kungasekho khona emthonjeni, igcina umfanekiso ofanayo.
• --exclude: Ivumela khipha amafayela noma izincwajana ngokwezindlela zokubhala, isibonelo --exclude="*.log" o --exclude="tmp/".
• -e ssh: icacisa igobolondo elikude, ngokuvamile I-SSH yokusekelayo okuphephileNgokuvamile akucaci uma usebenzisa indawo oya kuyo usuario@host:kodwa kungashiwo ngokucacile.
• --dry-run: imodi yokulingisa, ikhombisa ukuthi yini ebingenzeka ngaphandle kokukopisha noma ukususa noma yini. Ilungele ukuhlola imiyalo ngaphambi kokuyethula empilweni yangempela..
• --log-file=/ruta/log: ubhala imininingwane yokusebenza kufayela lelogi ukuze kuhlolwe noma kuhlolwe.

Izibonelo zokuqala ezisebenzayo ze-rsync

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi i-rsync iziphatha kanjani, kungcono ukubheka izibonelo ezilula kokubili endaweni kanye nokude bese ubona umphumela wezinketho ezithile ezibalulekile.

Kopisha isiqondisi endaweni

Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba ukuphinda isiqondisi ngaphakathi kweseva efanayo:

rsync -av /origen/ruta/ /destino/ruta/

Lowo myalo uzokopisha okuqukethwe yi- /origen/ruta/ a /destino/ruta/ukulondoloza imethadatha. Qaphela ukulahlwa okulandelayo komthombo: kubonisa ukuthi ufuna ukuvumelanisa okuqukethwe kwesikhombisi hhayi uhlu lwemibhalo uqobo.

Vumelanisa neseva ekude nge-SSH

Uma ufuna ukuthumela idatha kwenye iseva ngokuphephile, mane nje ufake igama lomsebenzisi, ikheli le-IP leseva noma isizinda, kanye nendlela ekude:

rsync -avz /local/dir/ [email protected]:/backup/remote/dir/

Inketho ye --z ingeza ukucindezela , okuwusizo kakhulu kumanethiwekhi ahamba kancane noma ane-latency ephezulu. Uma usuvele unokufinyelela kwe-SSH, i-rsync izoyisebenzisa ngqo ngaphandle kokucushwa okwengeziwe.

Hlola ngaphambi kokugijima nge--dry-run

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinketho ezibucayi ezifana --deleteKunengqondo ukusebenzisa ukulingisa:

rsync -avz --dry-run /local/dir/ usuario@remoto:/destino/

Ngale ndlela ungabona ukuthi yimaphi amafayela angakopishwa, abuyekezwe, noma asuswe ngaphandle kokuthinta idatha. Kuyindlela enhle yokuphepha uma ulungisa kahle umyalo wakho.

Phindaphinda iziqondisi ezimbili 1:1

Uma umgomo uwukuthi indawo oya kuyo ibe yisibuko esiqondile somthombo, okuhlanganisa nokususwa, ungasebenzisa:

rsync -av --delete /fuente/ /destino/

Ngale ndlela, noma yini enyamalala emthonjeni izosulwa endaweni oya kuyo . Kuhle kakhulu kumakhophi ahlose ukuba yikhophi ethembekile, kodwa ayisebenzise ngokuhlakanipha.

Izinhlobo zamakhophi ane-rsync: okugcwele, okuhlukile, kanye nokukhuphukayo

Uma usuwazi kahle izisekelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani ama-backups akho. Nge-rsync ungasebenzisa ama-backups aphelele, ahlukile, kanye nangokwengeziwe ngaphandle kwamathuluzi engeziwe, yize kufanelekile ukuhlola ezinye izindlela ezifana nesifundo se-Resti se-Linux.

Ikhophi ephelele kusetshenziswa i-rsync

Ikhophi egcwele idlulisela wonke amafayela kusuka kufolda yomthombo kuya endaweni oya kuyo, kufaka phakathi amafolda angaphansi:

rsync -a /ruta/al/directorio/fuente/ /ruta/al/directorio/destino/

Lena iphethini ozoyisebenzisa ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuqala usetha ikhophi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukugijima okulandelayo kuzokopisha izinguquko kuphela , kodwa ngomqondo zihlala "ziphelele" ngomqondo wokuthi indawo okuyo igcina inesithombe esigcwele somthombo.

Ikhophi ehlukile ene- –delete

Uma ufuna indawo lapho uya khona ibonise ngokunembile isimo samanje somthombo, kufaka phakathi amafayela asusiwe, ungangeza:

rsync -a --delete /ruta/al/directorio/fuente/ /ruta/al/directorio/destino/

Inketho ethi `-delete` igcina indawo lapho uya khona ivumelaniswe kahle nomthombo. Amafayela amasha noma aguquliwe kuphela azodluliselwa, futhi amafayela angasekho emthonjeni azosuswa endaweni oya kuyo, asebenze njengekhophi eqhubekayo yokuhlukanisa.

Ikhophi eyengeziwe ene- –link-dest

Ukuze uqhubeke isinyathelo esisodwa futhi wonge isikhala esengeziwe, ungasebenzisa amakhophi akhuphukayo asekelwe kuzixhumanisi eziqinile usebenzisa inketho --link-dest.

Umqondo uwukuthi: unekhophi yangaphambilini (isibonelo, yosuku oludlule) futhi ufuna ukudala "isifinyezo" esisha sansuku zonke lapho amabhlogo ashintshayo kuphela agcinwa khona ngokomzimba , kuyilapho amafayela angashintshiwe emelelwa njengezixhumanisi zekhophi yangaphambilini.

Umyalo ojwayelekile ungabukeka kanje:

rsync -a --link-dest=/backups/dia-anterior/ /datos/ /backups/hoy/

Ngale ndlela, ku /backups/hoy/ Kubhalwa idatha entsha noma eguquliwe kuphela, kanti amanye amafayela ayizixhumanisi zekhophi yasenqolobaneni yangaphambilini.
ukonga isikhala esiningi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuba nezithombe eziphelele ngemihla.

Lungiselela ama-backups ngesandla nge-rsync

Ngale kwemiqondo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazisetha kanjani izibonelo zangempela zokusekelayo ngezindlela ezithile , kokubili endaweni kanye namadiski angaphandle noma amaseva akude.

Yenza isipele isiqondisi sakho somuntu siqu

Zicabange ufuna ukwenza ikhophi /home/usuario/ kudiski efakiwe /mnt/disco_backup:

rsync -av /home/usuario/ /mnt/disco_backup/

Lo myalo ugcina izimvume, abanikazi, amaqembu, kanye nezikhathi , futhi ugcina okuqukethwe kwediski yangaphandle kuvumelaniswa nohlu lwakho lwasekhaya.

Isipele sokulungiselela uhlelo

Ukuze umboze umhlane wakho lapho ulungiselela iseva, ungakopisha /etc/ emzileni wendawo noma okude:

rsync -avz /etc/ usuario@servidor-remoto:/backup/etc/

Ngale ndlela uzohlala unesithombe samuva samafayela okucushwa , esiwusizo kakhulu ekubuyiseleni ngokushesha noma ekuqhathaniseni izinguquko ngemva kokubuyekezwa.

Isipele esiphelele esikude se-/home

Isimo esijwayelekile kumaseva anabasebenzisi abaningi ukukopisha konke /home/ komunye umshini:

rsync -avz --delete /home/usuario/ usuario@servidor-remoto:/ruta/backup/

Ngokukhethwa kukho –delete iqinisekisa ukuthi isipele siyikhophi enembile. Kuhlanganiswe ne -z Ukuze kucindezelwe, izinga lokudlulisa elifanele lifinyelelwa ngisho nasemanethiwekhi angasheshi kakhulu.

Khipha amafayela nezinhlu zemibhalo ezingadingekile

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, ukukopisha konke akunangqondo: amalogi, amafayela esikhashana, noma ukuncika okungalandwa ngokuvamile akudingeki. Ngalokho, ungasebenzisa:

rsync -av --exclude='*.tmp' --exclude='node_modules/' /proyecto/ /backup/proyecto/

Ngale ndlela ugcina okubalulekile futhi awugcwalisi idiski ngomsindo ongawuvuselela kalula.

Ukuvumelanisa kabusha nge-SSH ngaphandle kwephasiwedi: ukulungiselela imvelo

Ukuze uhlelo lokusekelayo oluzenzakalelayo lube lula ngempela, i-rsync idinga ukukwazi ukuxhuma kuseva ekude ngaphandle kokucela iphasiwedi isikhathi ngasinye . Indlela ejwayelekile yokufeza lokhu ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kokhiye womphakathi we-SSH.

Khiqiza ukhiye we-SSH emshinini womthombo

Kuseva lapho uzoqala khona ama-backups, sebenzisa:

ssh-keygen -t ed25519

Qhafaza Faka Kuzo zonke imibuzo, sebenzisa amanani azenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuzodala ukhiye wangasese kanye nowomphakathi kufolda yakho. ~/.ssh/, ukuthi Zizosetshenziswa ukukukhomba kuseva ekude ngaphandle kwephasiwedi..

Kopisha ukhiye womphakathi kuseva yokusekelayo

Uma usunayo i-key pair, okusele nje ukukopisha ukhiye womphakathi kuseva yendawo oya kuyo:

ssh-copy-id [email protected]

Esikhundleni backup kanye nekheli le-IP legama lakho lomsebenzisi neseva ethile. Ngemva kokufaka iphasiwedi kanye, ukhiye uzoqoshwa ku- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys kuseva ekude.

Zama ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwephasiwedi

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi konke kuyasebenza, zama ukuxhuma nge-SSH:

ssh [email protected]

Uma ungena ngqo ngaphandle kokucelwa iphasiwedi, usuvele ungasebenzisa i-rsync non-interactively , efanele ukubizwa kusuka kuma-scripts kanye nemisebenzi ye-cron.

Yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-backups nge-cron kanye ne-rsync

Uma umyalo wakho we-rsync usulungisiwe kahle futhi ukuqinisekiswa kokhiye sekulungile, isinyathelo esilandelayo semvelo ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugijima nge-cron ukuze ukhohlwe ngokusebenzisa ama-backups ngesandla.

Isingeniso esisheshayo ku-cron

cron Yisihleli semisebenzi esijwayelekile sezinhlelo ze-Unix. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze imiyalo noma izikripthi ngezikhathi ezichaziwe (njalo ngeminithi, njalo ngehora, nsuku zonke, njalo ngeviki, njll.). Umsebenzisi ngamunye unetafula lakhe elinemisebenzi ehleliwe, elitholakala nge:

crontab -e

Okufakiwe kulandela le fomethi:

MIN HORA DIA-MES MES DIA-SEMANA comando-a-ejecutar

Hlela isipele sansuku zonke nge-rsync

Ake sithi ufuna ukwenza ikhophi yansuku zonke /var/backups/ kuseva ekude ngo-2:00 ekuseni:

0 2 * * * rsync -avz /var/backups/ [email protected]:/mnt/servidor_backups/

Lo mugqa ku-crontab yakho uzonakekela ukwethula umyalo nsuku zonke ngo-02:00 ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla , usebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SSH okungenaphasiwedi.

Sebenzisa izikripthi emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu

Njengoba izidingo zakho zikhula, kungaba lula kakhulu ukufaka i-logic ku- script , kunokufaka konke emgqeni owodwa we-crontab. Isibonelo:

vi /usr/local/sbin/rsync_backup.sh

Ngaphakathi kweskripthi ungaba nokuthile okufana nalokhu:

#!/bin/bash
rsync -avz --delete /home/your_user/ [email protected]:/backups/home/ --log-file=/var/log/rsync-home.log

Ngemuva kwalokho uwenza usebenze nge:

chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/rsync_backup.sh

Futhi ku-crontab umane wengeze:

0 23 * * * /usr/local/sbin/rsync_backup.sh

Ngale ndlela uzohlukanisa ngokucacile i-logic yokusekelayo kuhlelo , okwenza ukulungiswa nokulungisa amaphutha kube lula.

I-Rsync njenge-daemon: amakhophi agciniwe efayela avikelwe ngephasiwedi

Nakuba inhlanganisela ye-rsync + SSH ivame ukuba lula kakhulu, ungasetha futhi iseva ye-rsync njenge-daemon bese uqinisekisa ngamafayela ephasiwedi esikhundleni sezinkinobho ze-SSH.

Ukusetha okuvamile kuzobandakanya ukuhlela /etc/rsyncd.conf ukuchaza amamojula wedatha, umsebenzisi, iqembu, kanye nokuziphatha kokufunda kuphela, isibonelo:

pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
uid = backup-user
gid = backup-user
read only = yes

path = /path/to/backup
list = yes
auth users = backup-user
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.passwd

Ifayela lephasiwedi lichazwe ku- /etc/rsyncd.passwd ngokuqukethwe okufana nalokhu:

backup-user:mi-pass-secreta

Futhi ivikelwe nge:

chmod 0600 /etc/rsyncd.passwd

Kuklayenti ungasebenzisa:

rsync -a --password-file=/etc/rsyncd.passwd backup-user@source-server-ip::data /destino/path/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)/

Lena yindlela amafolda okusekelayo akhiqizwa ngayo , ahlelwe nge-date , agcina idatha ifundwa kuphela kuseva yomthombo ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa ngengozi.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu kanye nohlu lokuhlola lwama-backups nge-rsync

Ukusetha ikhophi yokusekelayo esebenzayo kulungile, kodwa ukusetha ehlala iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokukubangela inkinga kudinga ukulandela imikhuba emihle kakhulu eyisisekelo.

Okufanele ukufake kumakhophi akho

Uma ucabanga ngalokho okufanele ukugcine, ungazigcini nje ngokubheka imibhalo esobala. Kubalulekile ukumboza:

• Idatha ebalulekile: yolwazi, izincwajana zezinhlelo zokusebenza, amafayela amakhasimende, ama-oda, njll.
• Izilungiselelo zesistimu: /etc/, amafayela okucushwa kwesevisi, ama-virtual host, njll.
• Amafayela aqinile: izithombe, okuqukethwe kwewebhu, izinto ze-multimedia.

Idatha ebucayi kakhulu ivame ukuba yingxube yedatha yebhizinisi kanye nokucushwa , ngoba ivumela ukwakhiwa kabusha okusheshayo kwendawo yokusebenza.

Imvamisa yokusekelayo

Akuyona yonke idatha okudingeka yethulwe ngesivinini esifanayo. Umthetho ofanele ungaba:

• Idatha ebucayi kakhulu (izizindalwazi zokukhiqiza, izinhlelo zokukhokha): amakhophi ansuku zonke noma njalo emahoreni ambalwa.
• Idatha enezinguquko ezimaphakathi: amakhophi ansuku zonke noma amasonto onke kuye ngokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani.
• Cishe idatha engaguquki (izinto ezigciniwe, amalogi amadala): amakhophi angase aphindaphindeke kakhulu noma izithombe zanyanga zonke.

Khumbula ukuthi i-rsync, uma ihlelwe kahle, ivumela ama-backups asheshayo akhuphukayo , ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza iphutha bese wenza ama-backups kaningi kunokuhluleka.

Ukujikeleza nokugcina ezindaweni eziningi

Akunasizathu sokuqoqa amakhophi kuze kube yilapho idiski igcwele. Isu elivamile ukugcina inani elilinganiselwe lamakhophi (isibonelo, izinsuku ezingu-7 zokugcina) bese ususa amadala njengoba kudalwa amasha.

Kubalulekile futhi ukusabalalisa ama-backup akho ezindaweni ezahlukene : idiski yendawo, iseva ekude, mhlawumbe isitoreji samafu . Ngale ndlela awuxhomekile endaweni eyodwa ebonakalayo.

Ukubethela nokuvikela amakhophi

Uma idatha ebucayi igcinwa kuma-backup (futhi lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo), kufanele ucabangele ukuwabethela ngamathuluzi afana ne-GPG noma ukuwagcina kumavolumu abethelwe . Akunangqondo ukuba nenqubomgomo yokusekela ngokucophelela uma othile ethatha idiski ehhovisi futhi angayifunda kalula.

Ukuqapha imisebenzi nokubhalisa

Isipele esihluleka buthule asisizi ngalutho. Kubalulekile:

• Qopha ukubulawa kumafayela elogi nge --log-file.
• Buyekeza amalogi njalo noma ukuhlanganisa izexwayiso (nge-imeyili, ukuqapha, njll.).
• Yenza izivivinyo zokuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze qiniseka ukuthi amakhophi ayasebenza ngempela.

Amaphutha avamile lapho usebenzisa i-rsync nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani

I-rsync ithembekile kakhulu, kodwa kunezingibe eziningana zakudala okufanele uziqaphele ukuze ugweme ukuphambanisa izinto ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu.

Izimvume ezinganele

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzisi osebenzisa i-rsync akanazo izimvume ezanele zokufunda kusukela emthonjeni noma ukubhala uye endaweni oya kuyo. Uma uhlangabezana nokuthi "Imvume iyaliwe", hlola ukuthi:

• Umsebenzisi unokufinyelela kokufunda esihlahleni ofuna ukusikopisha.
• Indlela eya lapho uya khona ingabhalwa yilowo msebenzisi.
• Uma kudingeka, sebenzisa sudo ohlangothini lwemvelaphi/lwendawo.

Uma uxhuma kude, qiniseka ukuthi umsebenzisi we-SSH oyisebenzisayo ulungile. Inezimvume phezu kwemizila oya kuyo (futhi, uma kudingeka, lungiselela) sudo lapho futhi).

Ukudideka ngezindlela ezihlobene neziphelele kanye nemigqa elandelanayo

Izindlela ezihlobene zingaholela ekungaqondani, ikakhulukazi ezikripthini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa njalo izindlela eziphelele eziqala ngo-"/" ukuze ugweme ukumangala kuye ngokuthi umyalo usetshenziswa kuphi.

Ngokuphathelene nemingcele yokugcina, khumbula:

• /origen/ → kopisha okuqukethwe kwaleyo ncwajana.
• /origen → ikopisha isiqondisi uqobo endaweni oya kuyo.

Uma wenza iphutha lapha, kulula ukugcina unemizila ebiyelwe ngendlela exakile, ngakho-ke bukeza ngokucophelela ukuziphatha okufiselekayo bese uncika --dry-run ukubheka.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyingozi kwe- –delete

--delete Kuyindlela enamandla kakhulu futhi ewusizo, kodwa futhi yilapho izinhlekelele eziningi zenzeka khona. Ngokuyisisekelo, itshela i-rsync ukuthi... Susa endaweni oya kuyo konke ongakuboni endaweni yokuqalaNgakho-ke, iphutha endleleni yomthombo lingathulula ifolda enhle kuseva yokusekelayo.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi:

• Hlola njalo umyalo nge --dry-run ngaphambi kokuyisusa.
• Hlola kabili imizila yokuqala kanye neyalapho uya khona.
• Ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu ungakhetha Ungasebenzisi i--delete kuzo zonke izindlelakodwa kuphela emisebenzini ethile.

Izinkinga ngobukhulu kanye nokungafakwa

Kuma-backup amakhulu kakhulu, kungaba usizo ukukhawulela okufakiwe kukhophi ngosayizi, usebenzisa izinketho ezifana --max-size o --min-sizeIsibonelo, ukukopisha amafayela aphakathi kuka-10 MB no-100 MB kuphela:

rsync -av --min-size=10M --max-size=100M /origen/ /destino/

Uma ihlanganiswe namaphethini okukhipha, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlunge amafayela angadingekile njengamalogi amakhulu, ama-cache, noma amafayela esikhashana , ukukhanyisa ama-backup nokubuyisela.

Amacala okusetshenziswa komhlaba wangempela lapho i-rsync ikhanya khona

Ngaphandle kwezibonelo ezijwayelekile, kunezimo eziningana lapho i-rsync icishe ingathathelwa indawo ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwejubane, ukuguquguquka, kanye nobulula.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-e-commerce nezebhizinisi

Ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, ama-ERP noma ama-CRM abanjwe kumaseva e-Linux, i-rsync ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha (usebenzisa ama-dump) namafayela angaguquki (izithombe zomkhiqizo, amadokhumenti amakhasimende, njll.) kuseva yokusekelayo noma kwenye isikhungo sedatha, okunciphisa ifasitela lokulahleka kwedatha.

Izitolo zezindaba, amabhulogi kanye nezingosi zezindaba

Kumasayithi anokuqukethwe okuningi kwe-multimedia kanye nenani elikhulu lezihloko, i-rsync yenza kube lula ukwenza lokhu:

• Vumelanisa iziqondisi zokuqukethwe ezingaguquki phakathi kwamaseva (isibonelo, phakathi kweseva eyinhloko kanye neseva eyisipele).
• Kopisha njalo ukuqoshwa kwezizindalwazi namafayela ayisihluthulelo kwisitoreji sangaphandle.

Ngokudlulisela kuphela lokho okushintshile, ukuqaliswa kokusekelayo kuyashesha, ngisho noma kunezithombe noma amavidiyo amaningi.

Izindawo zokuthuthukiswa kanye ne-CI/CD

Kumapayipi okuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo, i-rsync ivame ukusetshenziselwa:

• Vumelanisa ikhodi yomthombo kanye nezinto zobuciko ezihlanganisiwe kumaseva okukhiqiza noma okukhiqiza.
• Phindaphinda iziqondisi phakathi kwama-node ahlukene epulazini leseva.
• Buyekeza ingxenye eguquliwe yohlelo lokusebenza kuphela, ngaphandle kokuphinda ulayishe konke ekukhishweni ngakunye.

Inhlanganisela yayo yesivinini, ukwesekwa kwe-SSH, kanye nokugcinwa kwemvume kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalela ngezikripthi namathuluzi e-DevOps.

Uma ucabanga ngakho konke lokhu, i-rsync iba uhlobo lommese we-Swiss Army wokwenza isipele nokuvumelanisa amafayela: Isebenza kahle ngokufanayo ekwenzeni isipele sasekhaya sefolda yakho siqu njengoba isebenza nesu lokwenza isipele seqoqo lamaseva okukhiqiza.Uma uyihlanganisa nezinkinobho ze-SSH, i-cron, imikhuba emihle yokujikeleza, ukuhlolwa kokubuyisela okuvamile, kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile lapho usebenzisa izinketho ezifana --deleteUzoba nesistimu yokusekela enamandla, eguquguqukayo futhi eqinile kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka izixazululo ezisindayo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi.