Iyini i-SDK, ingeyani futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?

Uma uhamba emhlabeni wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, maduze nje uzohlangana nethemu I-SDK. Lawa ma-akhronimi akhona ezingxoxweni eziningi zobuchwepheshe, amadokhumenti, namathuluzi, kodwa akuhlali kucace ukuthi asho ukuthini noma kungani abaluleke kangaka. Kulesi sihloko sizokuchazela ngendlela ecacile neningilizayo Iyini i-SDK, ingeyani, ihlanganisani futhi kungani iwusizo kakhulu kubo bobabili abathuthukisi nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe?.

Sizophinda sihlukanise umehluko phakathi kwe-SDK ne-API, futhi sihlole izibonelo ezithile ezimele abantu ukuze uqonde ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ezindaweni zomhlaba wangempela. Ukwengeza, sizothatha leli thuba ukucacisa imibuzo evamile futhi sikunikeze umbono obanzi waleli gama elibalulekile endaweni yesofthiwe yesimanje.

Yini i-SDK?

I-SDK imele Ikhithi Yokuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware, okungukuthi, Isoftware Kit. Kuyisethi yamathuluzi, ikhodi, imibhalo, nezinye izinto ezihlinzekwe ukusiza ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza endaweni ethile, kungaba isistimu yokusebenza, isixhumi esibonakalayo, noma ihadiwe ethile.

Lawa makhithi aklanyelwe ukunika amandla onjiniyela ukuthi basebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngokuhlanganisa izici eseziklanyelwe kakade, ukonga isikhathi emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo noma eyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni akufani nokulwakha usebenzisa i-SDK esivele ihlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa, ukuxhumana namaseva, noma ukufinyelela kuzinzwa zedivayisi.

Izingxenye ezijwayelekile ze-SDK

I-SDK ephelele ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene asiza ezigabeni ezihlukene zomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ngezansi, sichaza izici eziyinhloko ngokuvamile eziyingxenye ye-SDK:

• Amalabhulali ekhodi: Amazwibela ekhodi achazwe ngaphambilini akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi uwadale kusukela ekuqaleni.
• Ama-API: Nakuba evame ukudideka nama-SDK, ama-API angenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwekhithi. Bavumela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuthi luxhumane namanye amasistimu noma amasevisi.
• Ama-debugger: amathuluzi asiza ukuthola amaphutha kukhodi futhi aqonde ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luziphatha kanjani ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Abadidiyeli noma otolika: Baguqulela ikhodi yomthombo oyibhala olimini olungase lusetshenziswe uhlelo.
• Amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe: imihlahlandlela, amamanyuwali kanye nezibonelo ezichaza indlela yokusebenzisa ithuluzi ngalinye nokuthi umsebenzi ngamunye wenzani.
• Izibonelo zekhodi: Amazwibela ekhodi esebenzayo abonisa ukuthi imisebenzi ethile yenziwa kanjani kusetshenziswa i-SDK.
• Abaphrofayili: amathuluzi okuhlaziya ukusebenza akutshela ukuthi ucezu lwekhodi luthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza noma ukuthi ludla inkumbulo engakanani.
• I-IDE (indawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe): Ezimweni eziningi, ama-SDK eza ehlanganiswe nomhleli okhethekile osevele ehlanganisa wonke amathuluzi angenhla.
• Amathuluzi okusebenzisa: izinsiza zokupakisha bese wethula uhlelo lokugcina endaweni oyifunayo (Android, iOS, Windows, Njll).

Zonke lezi zingxenye zenzelwe sheshisa futhi wenze lula imisebenzi evamile yokuthuthukisa, ukunciphisa ijika lokufunda, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nezinkundla ezintsha.

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Kungani kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-SDK?

Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-SDK ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ugxile kulokho okubaluleke ngempela: ukuqonda nokuklama kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuthi usungule kabusha isondo ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho udinga ukuxhumana nesistimu yangaphandle. Futhi, ikunikeza ukufinyelela ezicini ezithuthukisiwe ngendlela ejwayelekile nevikelekile.

I-SDK enhle ayisheshi nje ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amaphutha abantu futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ama-SDK ngokuvamile ahlolwa kahle onjiniyela bawo futhi athola izibuyekezo ezilungisa iziphazamisi noma ezithuthukisa ukusebenza.

Enye inzuzo enkulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo, njengamanethiwekhi omphakathi, izinkundla zokukhokha, izinzwa zedivayisi yeselula, njll. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izixazululo ezibanzi kalula kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zama-SDK akhona

Ama-SDK angahluka kakhulu kuye ngenjongo yawo noma indawo azosetshenziswa kuyo. Nazi izibonelo ezivamile:

• Ama-SDK Eselula: njenge-Android SDK noma i-iOS SDK, ekuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zama-smartphone namathebulethi.
• Ama-SDK wehadiwe: yakhelwe amadivayisi athile njengezibuko zangempela ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, amadivayisi IoT noma abafundi be-NFC.
• Ama-SDK ewebhu: ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise ukusebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi usebenzisa izilimi ezinjengeJavaScript, Python noma i-PHP.
• Ama-SDK omshayeli (DDK): esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa abashayeli noma abashayeli for izinhlelo ezisebenzayo eziqondile, njengalezo ze-Microsoft noma ze-Apple.
• Ama-SDK obunikazi nomthombo ovulekile: Eyangaphambili idinga ilayisense, kuyilapho yokugcina ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululekile futhi ilungiswe, kuye ngelayisensi yabo (GPL, LGPL, MIT, njll.).

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Umehluko phakathi kwe-SDK ne-API

Kujwayeleke kakhulu ukudida le miqondo emibili, ngoba ezimweni eziningi isetshenziswa ndawonye noma iyahambisana. Nokho, kunomehluko ocacile kakhulu:

I-API (I-Application Interface) Ukuhlela Yezicelo) ivumela izinhlelo ezimbili ukuthi zixhumane. Isibonelo, uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ludinga ukuxhuma ku- -Google Amamephu, uzosebenzisa i-API yayo ukuze uthole amakheli, izixhumanisi noma imizila.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-SDK iyisethi ebanzi engafaka phakathi i-API eyodwa noma ngaphezulu., kanye nemibhalo, izibonelo namathuluzi engeziwe. Okusho ukuthi, i-API ifana nesitini se-LEGO, kuyilapho i-SDK iyisethi yonke yokwakha, okuhlanganisa imanyuwali.

Izibonelo ze-SDK ezidumile

Kunama-SDK amaningi adumile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe lanamuhla. Abanye baziwa kakhulu kangangokuthi cishe wonke unjiniyela uke wasebenza nabo esikhathini esithile:

• I-Android SDK: isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kumadivayisi we-Android.
• I-iOS SDK: esetshenziselwa izicelo iPhone y iPad.
• .NET SDK: I-Microsoft toolset yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-ecosystem yayo.
• Facebook I-SDK: ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izici zomphakathi njengokuthi "Like", ukwabelana, ukungena ngemvume komphakathi, njll.
• I-Unity SDK: igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwe imidlalo yevidiyo ipulatifomu eminingi.
• I-Stripe Payments SDK: esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokukhokha kuwebhu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.

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Izici ezingokomthetho nezobuchwepheshe okufanele zicatshangelwe

Akuwona wonke ama-SDK amahhala. Eqinisweni, abaningi bangaphansi amalayisense anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo, ukuguqulwa noma ukusatshalaliswa kwawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uthuthukisa isofthiwe yokuhweba noma yomthombo ovulekile.

Isibonelo, i-SDK enelayisensi ye-GPL ingase ukubeka imikhawulo ekuphoqa ukuthi ukhiphe ikhodi yakho, kuyilapho onelayisensi ye-LGPL ngokuvamile evumela kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi i-SDK ihloselwe yini ukusabalalisa kabusha noma ukuthuthukiswa kuphela, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izengezo zesistimu yokusebenza ezingakwazi ukufakwa ngokuqondile emkhiqizweni wakho wokugcina.

Izinzuzo zezinkampani namathimba okuthengisa

Ngaphezu kwabahleli bezinhlelo, Amathimba okukhangisa nawo ayazuza ngokusebenzisa ama-SDK. Ngenxa yalawa mathuluzi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zingafinyelela imakethe ngokushesha okukhulu, okuzisiza ukuthi zithole abasebenzisi ngokushesha kunabaqhudelana nabo.

I-SDK eklanywe kahle iphinde ihumushele kuhlelo lokusebenza oluzinzile olulinganiselwe kangcono abasebenzisi. Futhi lokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala ku ukubonakala okungcono ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphezulu i-ascargas kanye negama elingcono lomkhiqizo.

Enye inzuzo eyengeziwe ukuthi kungenzeka Hlanganisa izibalo, ukulandelela umkhankaso, izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza, nezinye izici zokumaketha ngokuqondile kusuka ku-SDK, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha ebalulekile ngokuziphatha komsebenzisi.

Ama-SDK angabambisene beqiniso bentuthuko yamanje. Zikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokushesha, ngokuvikeleke kakhulu, nangempumelelo kakhudlwana, kanye nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi nezinketho ezinhlelweni zethu. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwala makhithi kungenza umehluko phakathi komkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi kanye nesixazululo esiklanywe kahle, esiqinile, futhi okulula ukusinakekela. Futhi ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi, ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-SDK atholakalayo, kuhlala kuneyodwa elingana nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho.

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Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.