Inika amandla i-ReBAR (I-BAR Ekwazi Ukukhulisa Usayizi) ku-UEFI: Ukuhambisana, Ama-Mods, kanye Nezingozi

Uma ufunda mayelana nokusebenza kwegeyimu isikhashana, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile nge-Resizable BAR noma i-SAM. Kalula nje, inketho evumela iphrosesa yakho ukuthi ibone futhi isebenzise yonke imemori yekhadi lakho lezithombe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kokuyihlukanisa ibe amawindi amancane. Empeleni, lokhu kungahumushela ku i-FPS embalwa eyengeziwe kanye namabhodlela ambalwa, nakuba umthelela wayo uhluka kakhulu kuye ngesihloko.

I-nuance eyinhloko, kanye nesihloko salesi sihloko, ukuthi konke lokhu kunikwe amandla ku- i-firmware yemishiniYebo, kufanele ungene kumenyu yesistimu futhi wenze kusebenze izinto ku-UEFI (lokho abaningi bethu abasakubiza ngokuthi i-BIOS ngokujwayelekile). Futhi kukhona izwe lesibili elithakazelisayo: Ama-mods akuvumela ukuthi uvule i-Resizable BAR kumapulatifomu amadala okuyinto ngombono ongayisekeli, ngamagama okungenzeka usuwazi, njenge-ReBarUEFI noma i-NVStrapsReBar.

Iyini i-Resizable Bar (SAM) futhi kungani ibalulekile

I-Resizable BAR imele iRejista Yekheli Lesizinda Esishintshayo. Ngamagama alula, ivumela i-CPU ukuthi ifinyelele kuyo yonke i-VRAM ye-GPU ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphambilini, ukufinyelela kwakwenziwa ngo 256 MB amabhulokhi, okuphoqe isistimu ukuthi ilawule lezi zingcezu ukuze ihambise ukuthungwa okusindayo nedatha.

Abanye abakhiqizi bachaza lo mkhawulo ngenye indlela: kwathiwa lokho isilingi esisebenzayo esingu-~1 GB yenkumbulo yezithombe ezibonakalayo ku-CPU kanyekanye. Nge-Resizable BAR, leso sithiyo siyaqedwa, ngakho-ke kuba nohambo oluncane lokubuya phakathi kwe-CPU ne-GPU lapho igeyimu ilayisha okuqukethwe okukhulu.

Leli khono likhona kusukela enkathini ye I-PCI Express 2.0, kodwa iqale ukuxhashazwa muva nje, lapho i-AMD ne I-NVIDIA Baqala ukusebenzisa amaphrofayili nokusekelwa kubalawuli babo kanye hardware yesimanje. Kungakho uzobona imiphumela ehluke kakhulu phakathi kwemidlalo: ezinye izihloko azikuqapheli, kuyilapho ezinye zibonisa ngokusobala ukweqa.

Kutholwa malini? Kuya ngecala ngalinye. Kube nezimo nge ukuthuthukiswa okuphakathi kuka-5% no-25% Emidlalweni ethile, ukukhuphuka okumaphakathi okubikiwe cishe ku-6%. Akuwona umlingo, kodwa uma umfushane ku-FPS noma uthanda ukushelela, konke okuncane kuyasiza.

Ukuhambisana okusemthethweni kanye nemikhawulo ngesizukulwane

Ngasohlangothini lwe-AMD, ukusunduza okuqinile kufike ne- Ryzen 5000 kanye nemidwebo Radeon RX 6000Ezizukulwaneni ezedlule, ayizange inikwe amandla ngokusemthethweni, nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo babukhona. Kungakho uzobona imihlahlandlela eminingi ikhuluma nge-SAM (Smart Access Memory) kumakhompyutha amasha.

En Intel Isithombe siyefana: ukuhambisana ngokusemthethweni kuvela kumapulatifomu esimanje, ngenkathi ama-CPU angaphambi kwe-10th gen (Comet Lake) zibhekwa njengezingasekelwa. Futhi kwa-AMD, ngokufanayo, okulandelayo kucashunwe njengokungasekelwe: ngaphambi kwe-Ryzen 3000 (Zen 2) lapho sikhuluma ngokusekela okuqondile nokulula, ngaphandle kwama-mods.

Ku-ecosystem ye-NVIDIA, ukwenza kusebenze kwendabuko nokuqondile kuhloselwe I-GeForce RTX 30 nangaphezuluLokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho ngamakhadi amadala, kodwa kudinga izixazululo ezikhethekile, esizozibheka kamuva, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kudinga ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-firmware yesistimu.

Inothi elibalulekile: ukuze i-Resizable BAR isebenze, okokusebenza kwakho kufanele kuhlangabezane nenani eliphansi elivamile lokuhambisana phakathi GPU, CPU kanye motherboardUma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ingasebenzi, ungagcina unenketho engekho kumenyu ye-UEFI noma uyivule ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebonakalayo.

Ukuyivula ku-UEFI: izinketho ezibalulekile ezivame ukungenelela

Iphuzu lokuqala lihlala lifana: faka i-UEFI yebhodi lomama bese uthola izinketho ezihlobene nayo Usayizi Kabusha IBHA Usekelo kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhala sekheli le-64-bit kumadivayisi we-PCIe. Kubakhiqizi abaningi, uzobona nesilungiselelo esibizwa Ngaphezulu kokukhishwa kwe-4G (noma okuhlukile kweSpanishi), okufanele kunikwe amandla ukuze yonke into ilingane.

Ngaphezu kokuvumela i-Re-size BAR ku-firmware, kufanelekile ukuhlola imodi ye ibhuthini yohlelo. Abasebenzisi abaningi bafika nge Windows efakwe kwimodi Ifa (CSM) esikhundleni sokuthi I-UEFI yomdabuKulapho ukungabaza kuphakama khona: isigaba se-Boot sishintshelwa ku-UEFI ku-BIOS, kodwa iWindows isabika ukuthi ayikho ku-UEFI.

Icala elijwayelekile elomuntu osebenzisa ipuleti elifana nele I-Aorus Pro AC B550I-BIOS isivele iku-UEFI, kodwa isistimu yokusebenza yafakwa ku-Legacy, yingakho i-SAM/Resizable BAR ingasebenzi. Ushintsho olulula kumenyu yokuqalisa alwanele; i-OS kufanele ibe kudiski ehlukaniswe kahle futhi iqale ku-UEFI.

Lesi akusona isifundo sokufuduka, kodwa umqondo ojwayelekile ucacile: hlola ukuthi idiski yesistimu isilungele yini qala ku-UEFI nokuthi asincikile ku-CSM. Uma lokho sekuxazululiwe, ukunika amandla Ukukhipha Ikhodi Kwe-4G kanye Nosayizi Kabusha BAR ku-UEFI ngokuvamile kuyindaba yokuchofoza okumbalwa, inqobo nje uma inhlanganisela yehadiwe ihambisana.

Uma isikhulu singafiki: I-ReBarUEFI yamapulatifomu amadala

Yilapho ubumnandi buqala khona. Nakuba izinkundla eziningi ezindala zingabonisi ukwesekwa kumenyu, umphakathi uthole indlela faka ukuhambisana kwe-firmware ngokwayoEnye yamaphrojekthi aziwa kakhulu yi-ReBarUEFI, umsebenzi we-xCuri0 futhi yashicilelwa ku-GitHub.

Lenzani ngempela? I-ReBarUEFI yengeza futhi iguqule izingxenye zemvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza se-UEFI, edumile I-DXE (Indawo Yokwenza Umshayeli), okuyisigaba lapho abashayeli abaningi beqalwa khona ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale uhlelo lokusebenza. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ithatha indawo yengxenye I-PreprocessController i-del I-PciHostBridgeResourceAllocationProtocol ngohlelo oluhlola ukuhambisana kwe-Resizable BAR futhi lunike amandla ukukhulisa usayizi.

Usayizi wewindi le-ReBAR usethwe ngokungeza a imojuli ethile ngaphakathi komshayeli we-DXE ye-firmware. Ngalezi zinguquko, uhlelo lukholelwa futhi lubonise ukuthi inkundla iyahambisana ne-Resizable BAR nakuba umenzi engakayivuleli ngokusemthethweni leso sizukulwane.

Okugqama kakhulu ukuthi kukhonjisiwe ukuthi isebenza nayo I-Intel Sandy Bridge (2011) kanye namaprosesa I-Ivy Bridge (isizukulwane sesi-3)Futhi ngokombono, inqobo nje uma i-motherboard isebenzisa i-UEFI, i-mod ingasebenza kumamodeli amaningi. Ngasohlangothini lwe-AMD, kunolwazi oluncane lomphakathi ngalezi zivivinyo ezithile, futhi impumelelo ayiqinisekiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Mayelana nokusebenza, eminye imibiko ibeka ukuthuthukiswa okumaphakathi nxazonke 6% emidlalweniAkukhona ukweqa okukhulu, kodwa kumakhompuyutha amadala kungase kube umfutho olungile wokuzinzisa okuhlangenwe nakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ubungozi, noma kunjalo: sikhuluma ngokulungisa i-firmware ye-motherboard.

I-NVStrapsReBar: Iletha i-ReBAR ku-GeForce RTX 20 kanye ne-GTX 16

Elinye igama ozohlangana nalo i-NVStrapsReBar, a UEFI umshayeli ephishekela umgomo ofanayo: ukunika amandla IBHA Enokusizwa kabusha ezinhlanganisela lapho, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ingatholakali. Intshisekelo yayo inkulu ngoba ivula umnyango I-GeForce RTX 20 ne-GTX 16, imindeni ekuqaleni eyayikhishiwe ekusekelweni okusemthethweni kwe-NVIDIA.

Ukhiye osebenzayo ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-NVStrapsReBar kufanele Flash isithombe se-UEFI esilungisiwe ebhodini lomama. Kungani i-vBIOS yekhadi lezithombe ingashintshiwe? Ngoba ku-NVIDIA, i-vBIOS ivamise ukusayinwa futhi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kokuyenza ingavumelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-firmware ye-motherboard, nakuba nayo isayiniwe, ngokuvamile ivumela ukuguqulwa ngezithiyo ezimbalwa.

Njengasesimeni sangaphambilini, kunezidingo ezibalulekile: faka i-UEFI futhi wenze kusebenze Ngaphezulu kokukhishwa kwe-4G Ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi inqubo, hlola ukuhambisana nehadiwe yakho ethile bese ulandela imiyalo endaweni yokugcina ye-GitHub igxathu negxathu. Phakathi nalokhu kusebenza, kungcono ukuthi uqhubeke kancane futhi ucace ngalokho okushintshayo.

Umklomelo ongase ube khona uwukuthuthuka okubambekayo kokudlala kwegeyimu kumasistimu anamandla e-RTX 20 noma e-GTX 16 abengeke azuze ku-Resizable BAR. Lokho kusho, kunezingozi: Ukuthinta i-BIOS kuyingozi, futhi akekho ofuna ukusala nepuleti elingenamsebenzi ngenxa yokunqamuka kukagesi noma ukungahambi kahle.

Ukusebenza kwangempela: kusuka kumaphesenti kuya kulokho okubona esikrinini

Uma sikhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa okungu-5% kuya ku-25% kumageyimu athile noma isilinganiso esingu-6% nezinhlanganisela ezithile, kubalulekile ukukubeka kumongo. Ezihlokweni ezinezinkulu amasethi of textures kanye Ukusakaza yedatha I-Aggressive, I-Resizable BAR ingakwazi ukushelela ukuntula okuncane futhi inikeze i-FPS ethile ezinzile.

Uma i-GPU yakho isivele iku-99% futhi i-CPU ingeyona ibhodlela, ungase uqaphele kancane. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni lapho ukuxhumana kwe-CPU-GPU kwakuwumkhawulo, ukuvula ukufinyelela kuyo yonke i-VRAM kuyasiza. Lapha kulapho amaphrofayili i-AMD ne-NVIDIA abalungiselele izihloko ezahlukahlukene, ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza isici ngokufanelekile.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ucwaningo ngalunye luzilungiselela ngendlela yalo, futhi akuzona zonke izinjini ezizuza ngokulinganayo ku-Resizable BAR. Yingakho uzobona ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kuncike emdlalweni: Kwezinye, kuzobonakala njengoshintsho oluncane; kwezinye, izokhanya ntambama yakho.

Ukuhambisana okungokoqobo: yini evame ukwenza umehluko

Ngaphandle kokumaketha, okungokoqobo komsebenzisi kuhamba ngezihlungi ezintathu. Okokuqala, i umama: ene-UEFI ene-Re-Size BAR kanye nezinketho Zokukhipha Ikhodi Ngaphezu kwe-4G ezibonakalayo noma okungenani ezingalungiseka. Okwesibili, i CPU: Ezizukulwaneni ezindala ngaphandle kokusekelwa okusemthethweni, kuzodingeka uphendukele kumaphrojekthi afana ne-ReBarUEFI.

Okwesithathu, i GPUKu-AMD, amakhadi emifanekiso esimanje e-Radeon asebenza kahle ne-SAM; ku-NVIDIA, kuqondile ukuqala ngochungechunge lwe-RTX 30, futhi ku-RTX 20/GTX 16, kunezinye izindlela ezifana ne-NVStrapsReBar. Inhlanganisela yalezi zici ezintathu inquma ukuthi ibhokisi lokuhlola le-UEFI livuliwe noma cha.

Uma ukuleso simo lapho "i-BIOS ithi i-UEFI" kodwa iWindows iphikelela ukuthi ayikwenzi, ubheka ukufakwa kwesistimu yemodi Yefa. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka faka kabusha noma hambisa i-boot ngefomethi efanele ukuze konke kuhlanganiswe. Akuyona into ejabulisa kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa inani lokukhokhela i-SAM/Resizable BAR ukuze isebenze ngokuhlanzekile.

Izingozi, izipele kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile

Ukushintsha i-firmware yebhodi lomama akufani nokulungisa izilayidi ezimbalwa ze-overclocking. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ungakwazi isitini motherboard, futhi akukho ukululama ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle komhleli wangaphandle. Ngamanye amazwi, akukona ukuhlola okumele kuphuthunyiswe noma kwenziwe ngaphandle kwenethi yokuphepha.

Ngaphambi kokucabangela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezijulile, qiniseka ukuthi unohlelo oluseduze. Ikhophi ye-BIOS, qonda inqubo ekhanyayo yemodeli yakho ethile, futhi, uma ibhodi lakho lomama likunikeza, yenza kusebenze izindlela zokuvikela (i-Dual BIOS, izipele, njll.). Umqondo awukona ukukwethusa, kodwa ukugwema izinkinga ezingadingekile.

Ingabe kuyafaneleka? Kwabanye abathanda, yebo: ukujabulela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenselele yobuchwepheshe kuyakufanelekela. Kwabanye, ngekhompuyutha esebenza kahle kakade, ingozi "ye-FPS embalwa" ayifaneleki. Kukhona abahleli nabasebenzisi abakukholelwa ngokukhululekile lokho akunxeshezeli umzamo lapho inzuzo inesizotha, futhi kuyisikhundla esinengqondo ngokuphelele.

Esikutshelwa yimiphakathi nolwazi lwangempela

Abaningi bethu bathole i-Resizable BAR ngokufunda ontanga nezinkundla zobuchwepheshe. Emaqenjini ashisekayo afana nalawa Xeon kanye modders Kuvamile ukubona amazwana anjengokuthi “Ngizothola amanye ama-FPS ambalwa” ngemva kokwenza isici sisebenze, ngezithombe-skrini zebhentshimakhi zangaphambili nangemuva.

Uzobona neminye imilayezo evamile: "Angidlali ngisho nemidlalo, kungani ngingangena kulokhu?" Akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukuminya okuningi ku-Hardware yakhe. Uma uqhutshwa ilukuluku lobuchwepheshe, i-ReBarUEFI ne-NVStrapsReBar inkundla yokudlala enhle; uma ufuna ukuzinza, ukumisa okusemthethweni kungenzeka kwanele.

Phakathi kwemidiya ekhethekile, uma ukhuluma ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa, kuvamile ukuncoma ukubukeza uhlu lwe ama-motherboards nama-processors zamanje uma ucabanga ukuthuthukisa inkundla yakho. Akuwona umqondo omubi: ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezindleko kanye el tiempo okubandakanya i-mod, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukugxumela kuhadiwe ngokusekelwa komdabu.

Imikhuba emihle uma unquma ukuzama

Sicela ubheke umthombo wephrojekthi (ReBarUEFI noma NVStrapsReBar) futhi ufunde umhlahlandlela othize we-chipset yakho kanye imodeli yepuleti lelayisenseKunomehluko ocashile phakathi kwabakhiqizi nezibuyekezo eziwusizo ukwazi ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yini.

Qinisekisa ukuthi wenze kwasebenza Ngaphezulu kokukhishwa kwe-4G Futhi, uma i-UEFI yakho ikunikeza, inketho Yokusekela Usayizi Kabusha BAR. Uma usebenzisa i-mod, hlala uhlola izimfuneko ezibhalwe umbhali endaweni yakhe yokugcina futhi ungaqedi noma yiziphi izinyathelo.

Uma ikhadi lakho kuyi-NVIDIA futhi uqondise i-RTX 20 noma i-GTX 16, cabanga ukuthi i-vBIOS isayiniwe futhi ayilungiswangaIndlela ihamba nge-firmware ye-motherboard (yingakho i-NVStrapsReBar idinga ukukhanya kwesithombe se-UEFI). Ungazihlanganisi izindlela zemihlahlandlela ehlukene, futhi sicela ubhale izinguquko ukuze uzibuyisele uma okuthile kungahambi njengoba bekulindelekile.

Into ethokozisayo nge-Resizable BAR akukhona nje ukwanda kwe-FPS, kodwa ukuthi umphakathi ukwazile kanjani ukwenza isici sibe khona njengoba i-PCIe 2.0 isizakala ngempela imishini endalaPhakathi kokuhambisana okusemthethweni ezizukulwaneni zakamuva namamodeli afana ne-ReBarUEFI noma i-NVStrapsReBar, ukunika amandla lesi sici esivela ku-UEFI manje sekuyithuba langempela kubasebenzisi abaningi, ngezinzuzo ezinesizotha kodwa ezibonakalayo kanye nobungozi obungenakugwemeka obuhambisana nokumosha nge-BIOS.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungafinyelela kanjani futhi ubuyekeze izilungiselelo ze-firmware (i-BIOS/UEFI) kusuka ku-Linux usebenzisa i-systemctl ne-systemd

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.