Ungabuyekeza kanjani i-UEFI isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi ophephile

Ukubuyekeza i-UEFI yekhompuyutha yakho kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ukukwenza ngendlela efanele kungaxazulula izinkinga zokuhambisana, ukuphepha, nokusebenza, kuyilapho kunweba ubude besikhathi sesistimu yakho. Uma unemibuzo noma ungenasiqiniseko mayelana nenqubo, lapha uzothola umhlahlandlela onemininingwane ephelele ukuze uqonde isigaba ngasinye, okuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zokuphepha, umehluko womkhiqizi, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle. Sichaza yonke into isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, siqoqa ulwazi olufanele kakhulu nolwakamuva oluvela kubakhiqizi abaphambili nochwepheshe be-PC.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene ekubuyekezeni i-UEFI (eyaziwa nangokuthi I-BIOS yesimanje), kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani, isetshenziselwa ini, yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo enazo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ngokuphepha. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizohamba nawe kuyo yonke inqubo, sihlukanisa indlela ngayinye kanye nokucaciswa okusekelwe esimweni sakho nohlobo lwemishini, kanye nokunikeza izincomo zomkhiqizo ngamunye.

Iyini i-UEFI futhi ihluke kanjani ku-BIOS?

I-UEFI (I-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) iyi-firmware ethatha indawo ye-BIOS endala kumakhompyutha esimanje. Inesibopho sokubhutha isistimu yokusebenza futhi, ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuqalisa kanye nokucushwa okuyisisekelo kwazo zonke izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukusuka ku-RAM kuye ku-CPU, okuhlanganisa nama-peripherals.

Nakuba i-BIOS yakudala yayinomkhawulo, ihamba kancane, futhi inokuphepha okuncane, i-UEFI ivumela ukuphathwa kwediski okukhulu, izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, nezici ezifana ne-Secure Boot. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakhelwe ukuthola izibuyekezo ngokunethezeka futhi ngokuvamile inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula.

Kungani kufanele ubuyekeze i-UEFI yakho?

Ukubuyekeza i-UEFI akuyona into efiselekayo, kodwa kungabaluleka kwezinye izimo. Isibuyekezo se-UEFI silungisa ubungozi bokuphepha, sithuthukisa ukuhambisana nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezintsha (njengamaphrosesa esizukulwane esilandelayo noma amamojula e-RAM), sixazulula iziphazamisi, futhi sandise ukusebenza kwebhodi lomama.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuvuselela i-UEFI yilezi:

• Xazulula ukungahambisani nehadiwe entsha, njengama-CPU akamuva noma i-RAM ibhodi lakho lomama elingayazi.
• Thuthukisa ukuzinza nokusebenza kwesistimu, kusetshenziswa amapheshana abakhiqizi.
• Sebenzisa ukulungiswa kwezokuphepha ekuphenduleni ubungozi obutholiwe.
• Engeza izici ezithuthukile noma ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuye ngomkhiqizi noma imodeli.

Kunini lapho AKUKHO isidingo sokubuyekeza i-UEFI?

Akunconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ubuyekeze i-UEFI "uma kwenzeka". Uma ikhompuyutha yakho isebenza kahle, awuhleli ukungeza noma yiziphi izingxenye ezintsha, futhi asikho isibuyekezo esibalulekile esinconyelwe ngokukhethekile imodeli yakho, kungcono ukuyishiya injengoba injalo. Izibuyekezo ze-UEFI/BIOS azifani nesistimu yokusebenza noma izibuyekezo ze-firmware. abashayeli, lapho kunconywa ukuthi kube nokwaziswa kwamuva.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele ucabangele ukuthuthukisa kuphela uma:

• Umkhiqizi ukhiphe isibuyekezo esibalulekile semodeli yakho.
• Uhlele ukufaka izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingasekelwe yinguqulo yakho yamanje ye-UEFI.
• Ubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuzinza noma ezinye iziphazamisi ezingaxazululwa kuphela ngesibuyekezo se-firmware.

Izinyathelo zokuqapha ngaphambi kokubuyekeza i-UEFI

Ukubuyekeza i-UEFI kunezingozi zako, ngakho-ke kunezinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha okufanele uzilandele ngokuqinile. Ukucima kukagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-firmware engalungile, noma iphutha phakathi nenqubo kungenza i-PC yakho ingasebenziseki (okwaziwa ngokuthi "izitini"). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi:

• Gcina idatha yakho ebalulekile: Inqubo ngokwayo ayisusi lutho, kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ungase ulahlekelwe ukufinyelela kusistimu yakho.
• Qiniseka ukuthi i-PC yakho ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla ozinzileUma kuyikhompyutha ephathekayo, qiniseka ukuthi ibhethri ishajwe okungenani ngo-50% futhi ixhunywe kugesi.
• Vala zonke izinhlelo futhi umise noma yimiphi imisebenzi yasemuva ngaphambi kokuqala isibuyekezo.
• Kuhlole kabili lokho i-ascargas ngqo ifayela le-firmware lemodeli yakho yebhodi lomama. Ungasebenzisi amafayela asuka kwenye imodeli, ngisho noma afana.
• Yiba nezikhiye zakho ze-BitLocker eziseduze uma usebenzisa ukubethela kusigcinalwazi sakho, njengoba zingase zicelwe ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi ku- amalaptop.
• Uma une-overclocking, ikhubaze futhi ubhale phansi noma yiziphi izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphambilini, njengoba i-UEFI ngokuvamile ibuyela kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-UEFI enginayo?

Ukuthola inguqulo yakho yamanje ye-UEFI (noma i-BIOS) kulula futhi isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ngaphambi kokufuna noma yiziphi izibuyekezo. Ungakwenza ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ngohlelo lolwazi Windows: Cindezela i-Windows+R, thayipha msinfo32 futhi uthole isigaba "senguqulo ye-BIOS" noma "inguqulo/usuku lwe-BIOS".
• Kusuka kumenyu ye-UEFI ngokwayo: : qala kabusha i-PC futhi uyifinyelele ngokucindezela ukhiye obonisiwe (ngokuvamile u-Del, F2, F10, F12 noma u-Esc kuye ngomkhiqizi).
• Esikrinini sokuqalisa: : Inguqulo ye-UEFI/BIOS nemodeli yebhodi lomama ngokuvamile ivela kafushane.
• Usebenzisa i- ngokushesha komyalo: yenze cmd bese ubhala Ama-wmic bios athole i-smbiosbiosversion.
• Izicelo zabantu besithathu njenge-CPU-Z futhi ikhombisa inguqulo ye-UEFI efakiwe.

Ungalanda kuphi i-firmware ye-UEFI ebuyekeziwe?

Ukulanda isibuyekezo esifanele kubalulekile, futhi kufanele wenze njalo kusukela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yebhodi lakho lomama noma umkhiqizi we-PC.

• Okwama-PC anegama (Dell, Asus, HP, Lenovo, Njll): Yiya kuwebhusayithi yosekelo esemthethweni, faka imodeli yekhompuyutha yakho ngqo noma inombolo ye-serial, bese ubheka esigabeni se-BIOS/UEFI/firmware.
• Okwamakhompyutha akhiwe ngokwezifiso (noma uma uwazi umkhiqizo wakho webhodi le-motherboard): bheka imodeli yangempela ekulandisweni komkhiqizi noma esigabeni sosekelo lobuchwepheshe (ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, ASRock, njll.).

Vele ulande ifayela le-UEFI lemodeli yakho ngqoUngalokothi usebenzise i-firmware esuka kwenye i-motherboard, noma ngabe umehluko wegama ubonakala umncane.

Izindlela zokuvuselela i-UEFI isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvuselela i-firmware kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nemodeli. Ngezansi ngichaza ezivame kakhulu neziphephile:

1. Buyekeza kusuka ku-Windows (usizo olusemthethweni)

Abakhiqizi abaningi bamakhompiyutha ebhodi lomama namagama omkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi iDell, Asus, Lenovo, HP) banikeza izinsiza ezikuvumela ukuthi Buyekeza i-UEFI ngokuqondile ku-WindowsLena indlela elula, inqobo nje uma usebenzisa ithuluzi elisemthethweni kuphela futhi ungenazo izinkinga zokuzinza ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

• Landa uhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi (ingabizwa nge-BIOS Update Utility, SupportAssist, MyASUS, Lenovo Vantage, njll.).
• sebenzisa ithuluzi futhi ulandele izinyathelo. Ngokuvamile izobona imodeli yakho, ilande inguqulo yakamuva, futhi iqalise kabusha i-PC yakho ukuze uqedele inqubo.
• Ungayivali ikhompuyutha Ungasiphazamisi isibuyekezo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo size siqede.

2. Buyekeza usebenzisa idrayivu ye-USB efomethwe ku-FAT32

Kuyindlela evamile futhi enconyiwe lapho isistimu yokusebenza ingaqali, umkhiqizi uyayiphakamisa, noma ufuna ubuningi ukuthembeka. Ifinyeza izinyathelo:

• Fometha inkumbulo USB en FAT32 bese ukopisha ifayela le-UEFI elilandiwe kumkhombandlela wezimpande.
• Xhuma i-USB nge-PC icishiwe futhi ufinyelele imenyu ye-UEFI/BIOS (ngokucindezela inkinobho ehambisanayo ngemva kokuvula ikhompyutha).
• Bheka inketho yokuvuselela ye-BIOS/UEFI (Flash Utility, EZ Flash, Q-Flash, M-Flash, USB BIOS Flashback…) bese ukhetha i-USB flash drive kanye nefayela lokubuyekeza.
• Qinisekisa futhi uvumele inqubo iqedeI-PC izoqala kabusha izikhathi ezimbalwa, futhi ngemva kokuqeda, uzoba nenguqulo yakamuva efakiwe.

Kwamanye amabhodi omama asezingeni eliphezulu, ungakwazi ukubuyekeza i-UEFI ngisho nangaphandle kwe-CPU noma i-RAM exhunyiwe, usebenzisa inkinobho ebonakalayo ethi "BIOS Flashback", uma unaleso sici.

3. Buyekeza kusuka kumenyu ye-UEFI uqobo (nge-inthanethi noma endaweni)

Amapuleti amaningi amanje avumela buyekeza ngokuqondile ku-UEFI graphical interfaceUngakwazi ukusesha ifayela ku-USB flash drive noma ulidawunilode ku-inthanethi uma ibhodi lakho lomama lilisekela.

• Faka i-UEFI (Del/F2 ebhuthini) bese ubheka ithuluzi elikhanyayo (EZ Flash, Q-Flash, njll.).
• Khetha umthombo (I-USB noma inethiwekhi, njengoba kungaba njalo).
• Landela imiyalo esesikrinini kuze kuqedwe ukubuyekezwa.

4. Buyekeza nge-Windows Update

Amanye ama-PC, ikakhulukazi amasha, angathola izibuyekezo ze-UEFI/Bios njengengxenye I-Windows Update, njengomshayeli.

• Iya kokuthi Izilungiselelo > I-Windows Update futhi uhlole izibuyekezo. Uma i-firmware itholakala, izovela njengento ozikhethela yona (isibonelo, "Isibuyekezo se-Dell Firmware" noma "i-Asus BIOS").

Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu, kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi imodeli yakho iyahambisana nokuthi iyinguqulo efanele.

Izincomo kanye nezinyathelo ezithile ngokusho komkhiqizi

Ibuyekeza amakhompyutha akwa-Dell

• Sebenzisa UDell SupportAssist, isifaki se-Dell Update ngokwaso noma landa ifayela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngemva kokuhlonza imodeli yakho.
• Landela iwizadi, qala kabusha uma utshelwa futhi imisa okwesikhashana i-BitLocker uma idiski yakho ibethelwe.
• Unganqamuli noma yini noma uvale idivayisi ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza.

Thuthukisa kuma-motherboards e-ASUS

• Hlola imodeli yakho ngqo ku-Windows (msinfo32) noma ku-UEFI ngokwayo.
• Ngaso sonke isikhathi landa ifayela ku- Isikhungo Sokulanda se-ASUS.
• Inqubo ingenziwa nge I-EZ Flash (kusuka ku-UEFI kusetshenziswa i-USB), I-AI Suite 3 (kusuka ku-Windows) noma, uma unenketho, ngenkinobho ebonakalayo I-BIOS Flashback.
• Uma ikhompuyutha yakho iyikhompuyutha yakwa-Asus, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza I-MyASUS ukwenza isibuyekezo ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Buyekeza kwezinye izinhlobo (HP, Lenovo, MSI, Gigabyte…)

• Inqubo ifana kakhulu: landa ifayela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, landela imiyalelo ethile bese ukhetha indlela ye-USB uma unokungabaza.
• Umkhiqizi ngamunye ubiza umsebenzi wakhe wokubuyekeza ngendlela ehlukile: I-Q-Flash (Gigabyte), I-M-Flash (MSI), njll. Sicela ubheke imanuwali ukuze uthole imininingwane ngokuya ngemodeli yakho.

Ngenzenjani uma kukhona okungahambi kahle noma i-PC yami ingaqali ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-UEFI?

Ungethuki uma ikhompuyutha yakho ingeke iqale ngemva kokubuyekeza i-UEFI. Amapuleti amaningi esimanje ahlanganisa izindlela zokubuyisela, nakuba kungezona zonke eziqinisekisa ukululama. Nazi ezinye izixazululo ezivamile:

• Nqamula noma imaphi amadivaysi angaphandle (I-USB, amadiski, iziteshi zokudokha) bese uyazama futhi.
• Hlola ku setha kabusha i-BIOS/UEFI ukukhipha ibhethri ebhodini lomama imizuzu embalwa noma usebenzisa i-jumper Setha kabusha.
• Sicela ubheke imanuwali yokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani "" umsebenzi.Okubili kwe-BIOS«,«Ukubuyiselwa kwe-BIOS"Noma"I-USB BIOS Flashback»uma imodeli yakho iyifaka.
• Uma konke kwehluleka, xhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe umkhiqizi.

Kumakhompuyutha aphathekayo namadeskithophu anebhrendi, qiniseka ukuthi ibhethri liku-50% noma ngaphezu kwalokho futhi ishaja ixhunyiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuzama kabusha isibuyekezo ku-USB kungaxazulula inkinga.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungafinyelela kanjani futhi ubuyekeze izilungiselelo ze-firmware (i-BIOS/UEFI) kusuka ku-Linux usebenzisa i-systemctl ne-systemd

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.