I-VoidLink Malware: Uhlaka oluthuthukisiwe olusongela i-Linux kanye nefu

I-VoidLink isibe ngelinye lamagama enza umsindo omkhulu emhlabeni we Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwe-Linux kanye nefu. Asibhekene negciwane elilula elicasulayo, kodwa sinohlaka lwe-malware oluthuthuke kakhulu, olwenzelwe ukungena kumaseva e-Linux asekela izinsizakalo ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ezitsheni, kanye nengqalasizinda enkulu yamafu lapho izinkampani nezinhlangano zomphakathi zithembele khona.

Usongo luvelele ngoba luhlasela ngqo ingqalasizinda yesimanje.: amaseva e-Linux asetshenzisiwe ku-Amazon Web Services (AWS), -Google Ipulatifomu Yamafu (i-GCP), iMicrosoft Azure, kanye nabanye abahlinzeki abakhulu. Nakuba imikhankaso eminingi enonya ibilokhu igxile kakhulu ku- WindowsI-VoidLink iphawula ushintsho olukhathazayo oluya ezindaweni ezihlala emafwini kanye nezinhlelo ezigcina amabhange, abaphathi, izibhedlela kanye namapulatifomu aku-inthanethi azo zonke izinhlobo zisebenza.

Iyini i-VoidLink futhi kungani ibangela ukukhathazeka okungaka?

I-VoidLink iyi-modular, i-cloud-native malware framework eyenzelwe i-Linux.Leli thuluzi eliyingozi litholakale futhi lahlaziywa yithimba le-Check Point Research, isigaba sobunhloli bezingozi se-Check Point Software Technologies. Abacwaningi bathole leli thuluzi ngokubuyekeza amasampula e-malware agcinwe ku-[igama lewebhusayithi/lepulatifomu elingekho]. yolwaziFuthi ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi babengabhekene nanoma iyiphi ikhodi.

Esikhundleni sokuba uhlelo olulodwa olunemisebenzi ehleliwe, i-VoidLink isebenza njenge-ecosystem ephelele izingxenye ezingahlanganiswa ukuze zivumelane nomgomo ngamunye. Uhlaka luhlanganisa amamojula angaphezu kuka-30 ahlukene, ngalinye linamakhono athile: kusukela ekuhloleni nasekuqoqweni kolwazi kuya ekukhuleni kwamalungelo, ukunyakaza okuseceleni ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, kanye namasu athuthukile okufihla.

Okukhathazayo ngempela yifilosofi yokuklama. Okusemuva kwale malware: yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okuthule nokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ezinhlelweni ze-Linux ezisebenza emafwini omphakathi nasezindaweni zezitsha. Ayenzelwe ukuhlasela okusheshayo nomsindo, kodwa kunalokho ukuze ihlale ifihliwe, ihlole, izulazule, futhi ikhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile ngaphandle kokuphakamisa izinsolo.

Abahlaziyi be-Check Point bakhomba ukuthi izinga lokuhlela, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nekhwalithi yekhodi Kukhumbuza umsebenzi wabasongi abangochwepheshe, oxhumene nemikhankaso yobunhloli be-inthanethi kanye nemisebenzi ehlelekile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, lolu hlaka lusathuthukiswa, okusho ukuthi amakhono alo azoqhubeka nokukhula futhi acwengisiswe. el tiempo.

Nakuba kungekho mikhankaso yokutheleleka kwabantu abaningi ngeVoidLink ebhaliwe kuze kube manje.Umklamo wayo usikisela ukuthi isilungele ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yangempela. Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi uma ithuluzi elinjalo livela emalabhorethri, ngokuvamile kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba liqale ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaselweni okuqondiwe.

I-Malware eyenzelwe ingqalasizinda yamafu ne-Linux

I-VoidLink imele ushintsho olucacile kusuka ekugxilweni kwendabuko kwabahlaseliIyayeka umgomo wakudala wama-desktop e-Windows futhi igxile ngqo kungqimba yengqalasizinda esekela i-inthanethi kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu. I-Linux iyisisekelo samaseva amaningi ewebhu, izizindalwazi, amapulatifomu e-microservices, kanye namaqoqo e-Kubernetes, ngakho-ke noma yiluphi usongo oluqondiswe ngqo kule ndawo lungaba nomthelela omkhulu.

Lolu hlaka lwaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze luhambisane nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amafuI-VoidLink ingabona ukuthi isebenza ezindaweni zamakhonteyina njenge-Docker noma ama-orchestrator afana ne-Kubernetes, futhi ilungise ukuziphatha kwayo ngokufanele. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ihlanganiswe kalula nezakhiwo zesimanje, isebenzisa ubunzima kanye nokuguquguquka kwalezi zindawo ukuze ihlangane kahle.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zeVoidLink yikhono layo lokubona umhlinzeki wefu. lapho umshini othintekile uphethwe khona. I-malware ibuza imethadatha yesistimu ngama-API adalulwe ngumhlinzeki (njenge-AWS, GCP, Azure, Alibaba Cloud, noma i-Tencent Cloud) futhi, ngokusekelwe kulokho ekutholayo, ivumelanisa isu layo lokuhlasela.

Abacwaningi bathole nobufakazi bokuthi abathuthukisi bohlaka bahlela ukwandisa lolu sizo.ukufaka ukutholwa okuthile kwezinye izinsizakalo ezifana Huawei Ifu, i-DigitalOcean, noma i-Vultr. Lokhu kuqondiswa kwefu okuqinile kwenza kucace ukuthi i-VoidLink yakhiwe ngesimo engqondweni lapho cishe wonke amabhizinisi enhlangano eqhutshwa ngaphandle kwezikhungo zayo.

Empeleni, sikhuluma ngethuluzi elenzelwe ukuguqula ingqalasizinda yamafu ibe yindawo yokuhlaselaEsikhundleni sokuzikhawulela ekufakeni iseva eyodwa engcupheni, i-malware ingasebenzisa lelo phuzu lokuqala lokungena njengendlela yokuhlola yonke inethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ukuhlonza ezinye izinsizakalo ezisengozini, nokwandisa ubukhona bayo ngasese.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Modular kanye namakhono athuthukile e-VoidLink

Inhliziyo yeVoidLink ukwakheka kwayo okune-modularEsikhundleni sokulayisha yonke imisebenzi ku-binary eyodwa, uhlaka lunikeza amamojula angaphezu kuka-30 azimele angasetshenziswa, angasebenzi, engezwe, noma asuswe kuye ngezidingo zabahlaseli ngesikhathi somkhankaso othile.

Le ndlela "yommese we-Swiss Army" ivumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu kwamakhono e-malware.Umsebenzisi angagxila ekuhloleni ingqalasizinda kuqala, kamuva asebenzise imisebenzi yokuqoqa iziqinisekiso, futhi, uma amathuba etholakala, aqalise amamojula anikezelwe ekunyakazeni okuseceleni noma ekukhuphukeni kwamalungelo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo futhi enekhono lokushintsha ukucushwa ngokushesha.

Amamojula amboza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene: kusukela ohlwini oluningiliziwe lwesistimu (hardware(isofthiwe, izinsizakalo ezisebenzayo, izinqubo, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi) ekuhlonzeni amathuluzi okuphepha akhona emshinini, okusiza i-malware ukuthi inqume ukuthi iziphathe kanjani ukuze igweme ukutholakala.

Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu ukuphathwa kweziqinisekiso nezimfihloI-VoidLink ihlanganisa izingxenye ezikwazi ukuqoqa okhiye. ssh agcinwe ohlelweni, amaphasiwedi alondolozwe yiziphequluli, amakhukhi eseshini, amathokheni okuqinisekisaOkhiye be-API kanye nedatha eminye evumela ukufinyelela kumasevisi angaphakathi nangaphandle ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa ubuthakathaka obusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlaka luhlanganisa imisebenzi yohlobo lwe-rootkitLezi zindlela zenzelwe ukufihla izinqubo, amafayela, kanye nokuxhumana okuhlobene ne-malware ngaphakathi komsebenzi ojwayelekile wesistimu. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ihlale isebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokutholakala kalula yizixazululo zokuphepha noma abaphathi.

I-VoidLink ayigcini nje ngokuhlola, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukunyakaza okuseceleni ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi esengoziniUma isingaphakathi kweseva, ingaskena izinsiza zangaphakathi, ifune eminye imishini efinyelelekayo, ihlole izimvume, futhi isebenzise iziqinisekiso ezibiwe ukuze yandise ubudlelwano kuma-node amaningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kunezimo eziningi ze-Linux ezixhunyiwe.

Uhlelo olushintshashintshayo olunama-API onjiniyela abanonya

Esinye isici esithukuthelisa abahlaziyi ukuthi i-VoidLink ayizivezi nje kuphela njenge-malware, kodwa futhi njengohlaka lwangempela olunwebekayo.Ikhodi etholakele ifaka i-API yokuthuthukisa elungiselelwe ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwe-malware kumakhompyutha anegciwane, eyenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukudalwa kwamamojula amasha noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezengeziwe ngababhali bayo noma abanye abasongeli.

Le API ivumela uhlaka ukuthi luthuthuke ngokusheshaukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, amasu okuthola ukuzivikela, noma izidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Uma abavikeli beqala ukuvimba iphethini ethile yokuziphatha, abahlaseli bangashintsha noma bashintshe amamojula athile ngaphandle kokudinga ukubhala kabusha yonke i-malware kusukela ekuqaleni.

Abacwaningi be-Check Point bagcizelela ukuthi izinga lobuchwepheshe balo mklamo alivamile kumaqembu angewona ama-amateur.Konke kukhomba kuphrojekthi ehleliwe yesikhathi eside, enezinsizakusebenza eziningi futhi enomhlahlandlela ocacile, into ehambisana nezinhlangano zobunhloli be-inthanethi noma amaqembu obugebengu ahlelekile athuthukile anamakhono aqinile obuchwepheshe.

Izinkomba ezitholakala kukhodi zikhomba onjiniyela abaxhumene neShayinaKodwa-ke, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo kulolu hlobo lokuhlaziya, ukubiza ngokungangabazeki ukuthi umlobi uvela kumuntu othile osebenza esifundazweni noma eqenjini kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi akunakubhekwa njengokuvaliwe ngokusekelwe kuphela kulawa ma-lead. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwezinhloso ezingaba khona (ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, izinsizakalo zamafu, izindawo ezinenani eliphezulu) kuyahambisana nemisebenzi yobunhloli obukhulu kanye nokuqapha.

Kuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi, ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, abukho ubufakazi bomphakathi bokuthi imikhankaso emikhulu iyasebenza kusetshenziswa i-VoidLinkLeli thuluzi litholakale futhi lafundwa esigabeni sokuqala somjikelezo walo wokuphila, okunikeza ithuba labavikeli nabathengisi bezixazululo zokuphepha lokuthuthukisa imithetho yokuthola, izinkomba zokuyekethisa, kanye namasu okunciphisa ngaphambi kokuba lisetshenziswe kabanzi.

Umthelela ongaba khona emabhizinisini, kohulumeni, kanye nasezinkonzweni ezibalulekile

Ingozi yangempela ye-VoidLink ayigcini nje kuseva ethile ekwazi ukuyithelela.Njengoba ihloselwe ezindaweni zamafu kanye nengqalasizinda ye-Linux esebenza njengomgogodla wezinsizakalo ezibalulekile, umthelela ongaba khona uhlanganisa wonke amanethiwekhi ezinhlelo ezixhunyiwe, kokubili emikhakheni yangasese kanye neyomphakathi.

Namuhla, ingxenye enkulu yezinkampani ziphatha ibhizinisi lazo cishe ngokuphelele efwini.Kusukela kuma-startup akha izinhlelo zawo zokusebenza kuma-container kuya kumabhange, ezibhedlela, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisebenzisa amapulatifomu azo abalulekile ku-AWS, GCP, Azure, noma abanye abahlinzeki abakhulu, ukufaka iqembu leseva ye-Linux kulezi zindawo kusho ukuthi kufanele kube nesisekelo sedatha ebucayi, izinsizakalo ezibalulekile, kanye nezinqubo zangaphakathi ezibucayi kakhulu.

I-VoidLink ihambisana kahle nalesi simo.Ingakhomba ukuthi iphethwe yimuphi umhlinzeki wamafu, inqume ukuthi isebenza emshinini ojwayelekile noma ngaphakathi kwesitsha, bese ilungisa ukuziphatha kwayo ukuze ithole inzuzo ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphakamisa noma yimaphi ama-alamu. Ngokombono womhlaseli, iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu lokuzulazula ezingqalasizinda eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Phakathi kwezenzo engayenza ukuqapha inethiwekhi yangaphakathi nokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezinye izinhlelo ezifinyelelekayo.Ukuhlanganisa lokhu nekhono lokuqoqa iziqinisekiso nezimfihlo kungaholela ochungechungeni lokuyekethisa olusuka kusevisi luye kwenye, kusukela kuseva kuya kwenye, ekugcineni luhlanganise ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda yenhlangano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokugxila ekuqhubekeni kwesikhathi eside, i-VoidLink ikhanga kakhulu imisebenzi yobunhloli.Esikhundleni sokubhala ngemfihlo idatha bese ucela isihlengo (njenge- i-ransomware yendabuko), lolu hlobo lohlaka lufaneleka kakhulu emikhankasweni efuna ukuthola ulwazi oluyisu, ukuqapha ukuxhumana, ukukhipha izizindalwazi eziyimfihlo, noma ukuphatha izinhlelo ngokukhetha ngaphandle kokutholwa izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

Indlela i-VoidLink esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi kwezindawo zamafu ne-Linux

Ukuziphatha kweVoidLink ngemva kokutheleleka ohlelweni lwe-Linux kulandela ukulandelana okunengqondo okuhlose ukunciphisa umsindo.Ngemva kokusebenza okokuqala, i-malware iqala indawo yayo, ilungiselele i-API yangaphakathi, futhi ilayishe amamojula adingekayo esigabeni sokuhlola.

Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, uhlaka lugxile ekuqoqeni ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. mayelana nohlelo olusengozini: Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okusetshenzisiwe, inguqulo ye-kernel, izinsizakalo ezisebenzayo, ama-port avulekile, isofthiwe yokuphepha efakiwe, izindlela zenethiwekhi ezitholakalayo, nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olungasiza abahlaseli ukwakha imephu enemininingwane yendawo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-VoidLink ihlola imethadatha enikezwe umhlinzeki wefuKusetshenziswa ama-API athile epulatifomu, uhlelo lunquma ukuthi umshini uku-AWS, GCP, Azure, Alibaba, Tencent, noma ezinye izinsizakalo lapho kuhlelwa khona ukwesekwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kutholwa kunquma ukuthi yimaphi amamojula asebenzayo nokuthi yimaphi amasu asetshenziswa ukuhambisa noma ukwandisa amalungelo.

Uma uhlaka selunesithombe esicacile sendawo ezungezile, lungasebenzisa amamojula okukhulisa izimvume. ukusuka kumsebenzisi onamalungelo ambalwa kuya koyedwa onokulawula okucishe kuphelele kwesistimu, kusizakala ngokulungiselelwa okubuthakathaka, iziqinisekiso eziphethwe kabi noma ubuthakathaka obuqondene nendawo.

Ngamalungelo aphezulu, i-VoidLink isebenzisa amakhono ayo okunyakaza ohlangothiniLokhu kuhilela ukuhlola inethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ukuzama ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo ze-Linux noma izinsizakalo ezibalulekile, nokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezibiwe ukufinyelela imishini emisha. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi amamojula ayimfihlo nanjenge-rootkit esebenza ukufihla umsebenzi ononya phakathi kwezinqubo ezisemthethweni.

Kuyo yonke le nqubo, uhlaka lugcina ukuxhumana okuyimfihlo nengqalasizinda yokulawula kanye nokulawula yabahlaseli.ukuthola imiyalelo yokuthi yimaphi amamojula okufanele uwasebenzise, ​​yiluphi ulwazi okufanele lubekwe phambili, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe. Uhlobo lwe-modular luvumela ngisho nokwethulwa kwezingxenye ezintsha ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe ukusebenza ukuze kuhambisane nezinguquko emvelweni noma ukuzivikela okungase kuhlangatshezwane nakho.

Kungani i-VoidLink ikhombisa ushintsho ekugxileni ku-Linux

Sekuyiminyaka, indaba evelele ku ukuphepha kwe-cyber ijikeleze amafasitelaikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-ransomware kanye ne-malware eqondiswe kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwe-VoidLink kuqinisekisa umkhuba osulindelwe ochwepheshe abaningi isikhathi eside: intshisekelo ekhulayo yabahlaseli ku-Linux futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ezindaweni ezisekelwe efwini ezisekelwe kulolu hlelo lokusebenza.

I-Linux isekela ingxenye enkulu ye-inthanethi, amaseva ezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nengqalasizinda yamafu.Kodwa-ke, ngokwesiko ibilokhu ibhekene nengcindezi encane evela ekuhlaselweni okukhulu kwe-malware uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Windows. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ibingenakuhlaselwa, kodwa kunalokho abahlaseli bagxile kakhulu kumthamo (abasebenzisi bedeskithophu) kunasekhwalithini noma enanini lezinhloso.

Njengoba ifu lihlanganiswa njengeplatifomu eyinhloko yamabhizinisi ezinhlangano, ukukhanga kweLinux njengenhloso ebaluleke kakhulu kuye kwanda kakhulu.I-VoidLink ifanelana kahle nalesi simo esisha: yenzelwe ukusebenza ngamaqoqo, izitsha, amaseva okukhiqiza kanye nezimo lapho idatha nezinsizakalo eziphathwayo zibalulekile ekuqhubekeni kokusebenza.

Iqiniso lokuthi uhlaka oluphelele kangaka luvela ngalesi sikhathi libonisa ukuthi abenzi bezingozi bandisa ngokucacile ukugxila kwabo.hhayi nje ukuhlasela izinhlelo ze-Linux ezihlukanisiwe, kodwa nokusebenzisa leyo mishini njengendlela yokungena ezingqalasizinda eziphelele kanye namapulatifomu amafu aqasha abantu abaningi lapho idatha evela ezinhlanganweni eziningi ihlangana khona.

Kulesi simo, abaphathi bezokuphepha abasakwazi ukubuka i-Linux njengendawo "yesibili" maqondana nokuvikela.Ngokuphambene nalokho, kumele bacabange ukuthi sekuyinto eyinhloko yokulwa kwezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwanamuhla, nokuthi izinsongo ezifana ne-VoidLink zizokwanda futhi zibe yinkimbinkimbi.

Izindlela ezibalulekile zokuvikela izinhlelo ze-Linux ku-VoidLink

Nakuba i-VoidLink iyingozi eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuziphatha kwayo kunikeza izinkomba eziningana eziwusizo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukusiza abaphathi bezinhlelo kanye namaqembu ezokuphepha ukuqinisa ukuzivikela kwabo. Akuyona inhlamvu yomlingo, kodwa uchungechunge lwemikhuba enciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba uhlaka olunjalo luphumelele.

Enye yezindlela zokuqala zokuzivikela ukuhlolwa kwama-API nezinsizakalo eziveziwe.Njengoba i-VoidLink ithembele ekufinyeleleni ku-metadata kanye ne-interface yokuphatha enikezwa abahlinzeki bamafu, kubalulekile ukubukeza ukuthi yimaphi ama-endpoints afinyeleleka, avela kuphi, futhi ngawaphi ama-permission. Ukukhawulela ukufinyelela okungadingekile nokusebenzisa izilawuli eziqinile kungenza kube nzima isigaba sokutholwa kwe-malware.

Ukuqinisa iziqinisekiso kungenye into ebalulekile.Amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka, asetshenziswe kabusha, noma angavikelekile ayisipho kunoma yimuphi umhlaseli. Ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zephasiwedi eziqinile, ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi lapho kungenzeka khona, kanye nokuphatha kahle okhiye be-SSH, amathokheni, kanye nokhiye be-API kunciphisa inani lamamojula okuqoqwa kweziqinisekiso ze-VoidLink.

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezindawo zamafu kubaluleke ngokulinganayoIzinhlangano kumele zigcine amalogi emisebenzi anemininingwane, izexwayiso zokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, kanye namathuluzi akwazi ukuhlanganisa imicimbi kumasevisi namaseva ahlukene. Uhlaka oluhlose ukuhlala lungabonwa isikhathi eside luba sengozini enkulu uma kukhona ukubonakala okuhle kanye nokuhlaziywa komsebenzi okusebenzayo.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhawulo eqinile yemvume kokubili kubasebenzisi kanye neziqukathi.Umgomo welungelo elincane kufanele ube yinto evamile: umsebenzisi ngamunye, isevisi, noma isitsha kufanele sibe nezimvume ezibalulekile kuphela emsebenzini waso. Uma i-VoidLink iphazamisa ngisho nesethi yamalungelo alinganiselwe kakhulu, isikhala sayo sokuhamba sincishiswa kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, kufanelekile ukuqinisa eminye imikhuba yokuphepha evamile, njengokugcinwa njalo kwama-patches esistimu yokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi ukuvimbela ukungezwani ekusakazekeni ngokungalawuleki, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zokuphepha ezenzelwe ngqo i-Linux kanye nezindawo zamafu ezihlanganisa ukutholwa okusekelwe ekuziphatheni.

I-VoidLink iyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi i-malware ethuthuke kakhulu iya kuphi.Ngokuqondisa ngqo i-Linux kanye namapulatifomu amakhulu amafu, lolu hlaka luphoqa izinhlangano ukuthi zithathe ukuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda yazo ebalulekile ngokungathi sína, zidlulele ngale kwemishini yabasebenzisi bendabuko. Uma ukuzivikela kuqiniswa ngokushesha kule ndawo, abahlaseli bazoba negumbi elincane lapho amathuluzi afana nalolu hlaka ethuthela emikhankasweni yangempela.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuqaliswa kwe-CMOV nguLinus Torvalds kuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kwe-Linux

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.