Ama-Lasers ukudubula ama-drones: ukuthi azishintsha kanjani izimpi zesimanje

Ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwama-drones ezingxabanweni zanamuhla kuye kwaletha ushintsho olukhulu endleleni izimpi ezilwiwa ngayo. I-Ukraine, iGaza, noLwandle Olubomvu namuhla kuyisikhungo sezempi. lapho umuntu ebona nsuku zonke ukuthi izisetshenziswa ezincane ezingenamuntu, eziningi zazo ezishibhile futhi ezicishe zenziwe ekhaya, zibeka izinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibiza izigidi ngezintambo.

Ebhekene nalesi simo, amabutho emhlabeni wonke aqalise umjaho wezobuchwepheshe wokuthola izikhali ezikwazi ukudubula ama-drones ngokushesha, ngokunembile, nangeshibhileFuthi yilapho amasistimu wamandla aqondisiwe, ikakhulukazi ama-laser anamandla amakhulu, eqala ukusebenza, ethembisa ukuguqula lokho okubonakala njengenganekwane yesayensi kube ithuluzi langempela elishintsha umdlalo enkundleni yempi.

Kungani ama-lasers abe yi-anti-drone obsession entsha

Eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwabonakala lokho I-Kamikaze kanye nama-drones okuhlola ayingozi njaloAndizela phansi, aqondise ngokushesha, angasebenza ngoswebezane, futhi, okukhathaza kakhulu, abiza ingxenyana yalokho okufanele umcibisholo wesimanje wokulwa nendiza.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amazwe amaningi ayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zendabuko zokuzivikela, njengezikhali ezicitshwayo eziqondiswayo noma izikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Inkinga ukuthi ukwethula umcibisholo ojikijelwayo obiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane noma ngisho nezigidi zamaRandi ngokumelene ne-drone eshibhile kakhulu akwenzeki.Ngokwesibonelo, iButho Lasemanzini Lase-United States, liye lachitha cishe i-$1.000 bhiliyoni lithenga imicibisholo ukuze linqande izinsongo ezindaweni ezinjengoLwandle Olubomvu, ngenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-2,1 zamaRandi ngokuqalisa, okuwumbudane wangempela uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ngezinye izikhathi ebiza kancane kunemoto.

Ama-laser anamandla amakhulu avezwa njengenye indlela enengqondo: Ishothi ngalinye libiza ama-euro ambalwa nje noma amasentiAbazisebenzisi izinhlamvu zomzimba futhi bangahlasela okuqondiwe okuningi ngendaba yamasekhondi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza inzuzo ecace kakhulu yamaqhinga: azikhiqizi ukuqhuma noma izingcezu, zehlisa ukulimala okubanjiswayo futhi zisebenza ngokunemba okusondele kokuhlinzwa.

Njengoba kuyimisebe yokukhanya, imishayo ye-laser ihamba ngomugqa oqondile ngesivinini sokukhanya, okusho ukuthi, uma isikhishiwe, ayikho indlela yokuwavimba noma ukuwaphambukisa ekundizeniUma isistimu yokuphokophela ikwazi ukulandelela okuqondiwe, i-laser ingagxilisa amandla endaweni encane futhi "ithose" izinzwa zayo, amamotho, noma amasistimu kagesi ngaphandle kokudinga ukuwacekela phansi ngendlela emangalisayo.

Le nhlanganisela yezindleko eziphansi ngokudubula ngakunye, ukukhomba ukunemba, kanye nokulandelana okuncane kwesibambiso Lokhu kuphendule izikhali ze-laser zaba yinto egxile kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamandla ezempi, ajaha ukuzikhipha elabhorethri futhi aziyise olwandle, emhlabeni futhi, esikhathini esizayo, emoyeni.

I-DragonFire: i-laser yaseBrithani eziqhenya ngokunemba nezindleko eziphansi

Enye yamaphrojekthi afisa kakhulu kulo mkhakha I-DragonFire, uhlelo lwelaser olunamandla amakhulu olwakhiwe e-United KingdomLolu wuhlelo olwaqalwa ngo-2017 ngesabelomali sokuqala esingaba izigidi ezingu-38 zamaRandi, okubandakanya i-Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), inkampani ecitshwayo i-MBDA, i-Leonardo UK kanye nefemu yezobuchwepheshe bezokuvikela i-QinetiQ.

UMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseBrithani wenze izivivinyo ezikhungweni zamasosha eScotland, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zokudubula zase-Hebrides Islands, ngemiphumela emangalisa kakhulu. I-DragonFire ikwazile ukulandelela nokudubula ama-drones anesivinini esikhulu efinyelele isivinini esingafika ku-650 km/h, cishe kabili isivinini esiphezulu semoto ye-Formula 1, futhi yenze kanjalo nangaphezu komkhathizwe wesistimu, into ebaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zasolwandle.

Ngokusho kwamasosha abebambe iqhaza emibhikishweni, Ukunemba kwe-laser beam ngokwezwi nezwi kuyashesha ngombani.Kuye kwashiwo nokuthi uhlelo lungashaya uhlamvu lwemali eyiphawundi elilodwa ukusuka ebangeni elingamakhilomitha, okuyindlela ecacile yokuchaza ukuthi angakanani amandla angagxila endaweni encane ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sendiza engenazindiza noma olunye uhlobo losongo lwasemoyeni.

I-DragonFire ihlanganisa i-laser beam enamandla nohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokulandela umlilo nokulawula. Umgomo wabo awukona njalo ukushaya i-drone ibe izingcezu.kodwa kunalokho ukulimaza izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile: izinzwa ezibonakalayo, i-navigation electronics, izixhumanisi zokuxhumana, noma izindawo eziyinhloko. Ngokukhubaza lezi zingxenye, indiza ayisakwazi ukulawula futhi ekugcineni iphahlazeke ngaphandle kokubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu.

Lolu hlelo, olwakhiwe yi-MBDA nabalingani bayo, lwaqale lwenzelwe i I-Royal Navy, lapho izofakwa khona ku-Type 45 ababhubhisi kusukela ngo-2027eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kohlelo lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseBrithani awukuvimbi ukuthi kungenzeka ukulungisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo kamuva ezimotweni ezihlomile noma ezinye izinkundla zomhlaba.

Inkontileka esayinwe ne-MBDA UK ibiza cishe u-316 million pounds sterling. (cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-358-360), okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside ekufakeni izikhali zamandla aqondisiwe ekuvikelweni kwezwe nokubeka i-United Kingdom phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwe-NATO.

Ukhiye we-DragonFire: ukwehlisa ama-drones ngemali engaphansi kwezindleko zokudla

Ngale kwesici sekusasa, lapho i-DragonFire yenza khona umehluko ngempela kumnotho wokulwa. Ukudubula kwe-laser kubiza cishe amaphawundi ayi-10., ngaphezudlwana kwama-euro angu-11, futhi uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseBrithani ufinyelela ezingeni lokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser ngaphansi kwama-euro angu-12 isibhamu ngasinye kwezinye izimo.

Ukukunikeza umbono: Ukuvula i-DragonFire imizuzwana eyishumi kubiza okufanayo nokuvula ukushisisa kwekhaya lakho ihora.Uma kuqhathaniswa namakhulu ezinkulungwane (noma izigidi) zama-euro kubiza ukwethula umcibisholo oqondisiwe, ukonga kukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isitha sisebenzisa ama-drones ashibhile ngobuningi bezimboni.

Impi yase-Ukraine kanye nokuhlasela kwezindiza ngamabhomu ezindaweni ezifana noLwandle Olubomvu kubonise ukuthi izinhlelo zendabuko zokuzivikela zingagcina seziwumgodi ongenamkhawulo wemali. Uma i-missile yezigidigidi isetshenziselwa ukudubula phansi i-drone eyenziwe ngokhuni, i-polystyrene, ne-electronics engekho eshalofini, umhlaseli useyinqobile impi yezomnotho.ngisho noma ngilahlekelwa idivayisi.

Nge-DragonFire, ingqondo ibuyiselwe emuva: Izindleko zokubhidliza ngakunye ziyehla Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina ama-patrol okuvikela aqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuqeda isabelomali sezinhlamvu. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokuwusebenzisa njengesivikelo se-frontline ngokumelene ne-kamikaze drones nokunye okuhlosiwe okuncane, ukugcina imicibisholo ebizayo yezinsongo ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-beam yokukhanya kuqeda inkinga yezingcezu ze-shrapnel nama-projectiles aphuthelwe inhloso yawo. Uma i-laser ihluleka, imane iqhubeke nokuhamba kuze kube yilapho umkhathi udonsa futhi uhlakaze amandla.ngaphandle kokudala ukuqhuma okungahleliwe emhlabeni noma olwandle. Lesi sici sizifanele kahle izimo ezinengqalasizinda eseduze yabantu noma imizila ematasa yokuhweba.

 

Izinzuzo Military izikhali laser phezu imicibisholo ezivamile

Ama-Lasers afana ne-DragonFire noma i-Apollo ayabhekwa izikhali zokuzivikela ezisezingeni eliphezuluBangasabela ngokushesha ekusongeleni, kodwa ngokwendalo yabo abakulungele ukuqhuma amabhomu emadolobheni noma ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu kude nenkundla yempi.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo ezicacile yijubane lokuphendula. Ilaser ayidingi ukusheshisa noma ukulandela indlela egobile.Ithinta cishe ngokushesha kulokho okuhlosiwe. Ezimweni lapho i-drone isondela ngesivinini esikhulu, leyo mizuzwana embalwa ingasho umehluko phakathi kokuyinqamula noma ukuyibuka ifinyelela lapho iqondiswe khona.

I-cross-section ye-beam ngokuvamile i-minuscule, ngokulandelana kwamamilimitha ayisikwele ambalwa. Lokho kuyivumela ukuba iziphathe cishe njenge-scalpel ezandleni zikadokotela ohlinzayo.Ingxenye ye-drone ikhethiwe (isibonelo, inzwa yokubona, iphiko, noma i-antenna yezokuxhumana) futhi amandla agxiliswa lapho aze ahlakazeke. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokuhlanzekile, ngaphandle kokuqhunyiswa okukhulu noma imvula yezingcezu ezivame ukuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwemicibisholo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi ama-lasers anzima kakhulu ukuwaphikisa. Izinyathelo ezivamile zokuphikisa, ezifana nokwethula ama-decoy noma ukuzama ukukhohlisa isistimu yokuqondisa ye-missile, ziba yize. lapho "i-projectile" iwumsebe wokukhanya okumsulwa. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yangempela yokwenza ukucasha (isibonelo, ngemuva kwentuthu eminyene noma esimweni sezulu esibi) noma uzame ukuvala isistimu ngenani elikhulu lokuhlosiwe.

Ngokomlando, ama-laser ayevele esetshenziswa enkundleni yempi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuqokwa okuqondiwe, ukuthola ububanzi, noma ukubuka. Okusha manje ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo njengesikhali esiqondile kuyakhonjiswa.ekwazi ukulimaza noma ukucekela phansi izinhlelo zesitha ngaphandle kwesidingo se-projectile ebonakalayo. Ukugxuma kusuka ekubeni "ngamehlo esistimu" kuya ekubeni "isibhakela" sayo.

Imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe: isithende se-Achilles sezibhamu ze-laser

Naphezu kwawo wonke umdlandla, ama-laser anamandla amakhulu awaphelele. Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zomkhathiInkungu, imvula, umswakamo ophezulu, noma ukuvunguza komoya kungamunca, kusabalalise, noma kuhlanekezele umsebe, kunciphise ububanzi bayo obusebenzayo kanye nenani lamandla afinyelela lapho kuhlosiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usebenza ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu amandla, i-beam ngokwayo ingaxhumana nomoya, iwushise futhi ikhiqize izenzakalo ezithinta ukusakazeka kwayo. Ukuthola ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwamandla, ubude begagasi, umumo we-beam, nobude besikhathi sokudubula Kokubili kuyinselelo yesayensi kanye nobunjiniyela.

Enye inkinga enkulu iphakama lapho uhlelo lufakwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, njengomkhumbi olwandle olugubhayo noma imoto ehamba endaweni engalingani. Iqondise kancane kundiza-mkhathi encane, esheshayo isuka endaweni ehambayo Kufana ncamashi nokuzama ukushaya ithagethi ngenkathi umile ebhodini lebhalansi: noma yikuphi ukuxega okuncane kuholela ekuphambukeni kwe-beam.

Ukunciphisa lokhu, onjiniyela bahlanganisa amasistimu okuzinzisa athuthukile, ama-gyroscopes, nesofthiwe yokulawula enxephezela ukunyakaza kweplathifomu. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina "ichashazi le-laser" likhombe lapho kuhloswe khona ngesikhathi el tiempo ngokwanele ukuyilimaza Kusengenye yezinselelo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni amade.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokugcwele. Ukusebenzisa isikhali se-laser akuyona nje indaba yokudonsa isibhamu.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sezulu siluthinta kanjani uhlelo, indlela yokubeka phambili okuhlosiwe, indlela yokuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo zokuvikela, kanye nendlela yokuphatha amandla atholakalayo ukuze ungashiyi uhlelo "lomile" ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu.

I-Apollo: inganono ye-laser yase-Australia eyenzelwe izinkumbi zama-drones

Ngenkathi i-UK ishesha nge-DragonFire, i-Australia yenze ukubonga okunamandla kokungena I-Apollo, isikhali se-laser esinamandla amakhulu esakhiwe yi-Electro Optic Systems (EOS)Lolu uhlelo oluklanywe kusukela ekuqaleni lunosongo oluqondile engqondweni: inqwaba yama-drones abiza kancane ahlasela ngamagagasi.

I-Apollo ingafinyelela amandla afinyelela ku-150 kilowatts futhi, ngokusho kwenkampani ngokwayo, Iyakwazi ukwehlisa amandla afinyelela ku-20 ngomzuzuInto egqama kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza: kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibhamu ngasinye sibiza ngaphansi kwamasenti angu-10, inani elicishe lifane nomfanekiso uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlamvu zendabuko.

Ngokuya kobubanzi, isistimu ingakwazi bhubhisa ama-drones ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-3 futhi ungaboni noma uvale izinzwa ezibonakalayo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-15Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumbozwa kwayo kwe-360-degree kanye nekhono lokuthola okuhlosiwe kuma-millisecond angaba ngu-700 kuyenza ibe ikhandidethi elifanele lokumboza izindawo ezinkulu ngokumelene nokuhlaselwa kungazelelwe.

Enye yamandla ayo imodularity yayo. I-Apollo ingafakwa esitsheni esijwayelekile esingamamitha ayi-6 noma ezimotweniLokhu kusiza ukuthunyelwa okuguquguqukayo nokuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela komoya ezinengqimba. Ngakho-ke, ingabekwa eduze kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile, izisekelo, amakhonsathi ezimoto, noma izindawo zamasu ngaphandle kokudinga umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha.

I-NATO isivele yenza umnyakazo wayo futhi yaphothula ukuthengwa kohlelo, nge ukulethwa kokuqala kulindeleke ngo-2028Iphakethe eliphelele—elihlanganisa ukunakekelwa, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezingxenye ezihambisanayo—libiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-83. Izingxabano ezinjengalezo zase-Ukraine naseGaza zisebenze njengembangela, zicindezela abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi bafune izixazululo ezilungele ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuboshelwa ezigabeni ezingapheli zokuhlola.

Imikhawulo yokusebenza kwe-Apollo kanye nendima yayo ekuvikelweni komoya

Njenge-DragonFire, i-Apollo ayiyona intonga yomlingo ethatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo zokuzivikela. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu isimo sezulu.Imvula, inkungu, noma uthuli olumisiwe kunciphisa kakhulu ububanzi bayo namandla okugxilisa amandla.

Ibanga lokusebenza layo eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-1,6 no-4,8 ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle liyenza ifaneleke ngokumelene nama-drones nokunye okuhlosiwe okusondele kakhulu, kodwa Akulona ithuluzi elifanelekile lokubhekana nemicibisholo ecitshwayo noma izindiza ezivamile. ezisebenza ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu noma ezindaweni eziphakeme.

Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayavumelana nalokho Izibhamu ze-laser ngeke zithathe indawo yezikhali ezicitshwayo noma izikhali ezilwa nezindiza esikhathini esifushane.Kunalokho, zizohlanganiswa njengezengezo ezibalulekile zokubhekana nezinsongo ezingabizi kakhulu, zevolumu ephezulu, ukukhulula amasistimu abizayo ukuze kufezeke izinhloso zamasu ngempela.

Noma kunale mikhawulo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuhlala kuqinile. I-Pentagon, isibonelo, inikezela ngokuzungezile U-$1.000 bhiliyoni ngonyaka wokucwaninga ngezikhali zamandla aqondisiweNgenkathi i-Israel ihlela ukufaka isistimu yayo ye-laser, i-Iron Beam, eqala ngo-2025. Yonke into ibonisa ukuthi ama-laser azoba ucezu olubalulekile lwephazili yokuvikela umhlaba wonke.

ISpain kanye "nezinhlamvu zokukhanya": iphrojekthi ye-CLPU

ISpain nayo igxumela kubhande lokuvikela i-laser. Cishe iminyaka emihlanu manje, i- I-Pulsed Laser Center (CLPU) yaseNyuvesi yaseSalamanca Usebenzela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pulsed laser prototype okuhloswe ngayo ukuqeda ama-drones nezinye izinsongo zasemoyeni.

Ngokusho kukaRoberto Lera, usosayensi onguchwepheshe e-CLPU, Inhloso ukukhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe luyasebenza ezinhlelweni zokuvikela.Ngamanye amazwi, inhloso ukwakha uhlobo "lwenhlamvu yokukhanya" ekwazi ukulimaza indiza engenantambo ngokusebenzisa i-laser pulses enamandla kakhulu futhi emfushane.

Intshisekelo kule phrojekthi iye yanda ngenxa yempi yase-Ukraine kanye nokwanda kokuhlaselwa kwe-drone ezimeni ezihlukahlukene. Imboni yezikhali igxile kulolu phenyo, bayazi ukuthi bangabeka iSpain endaweni enenzuzo kakhulu ngaphakathi komkhakha wezikhali zamandla oqondisiwe.

Akuyona yonke imininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyenziwe yaba sesidlangalaleni okwamanje, kodwa indlela ye-laser pulsed ivula umnyango ezindleleni ezintsha zokunciphisa okuhlosiwe, okuhlukile ku-laser eqhubekayo esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-DragonFire noma i-Apollo. Uma i-CLPU ikwazi ukwenza umbonisi othembekileISpain ingadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuvikela i-laser yaseYurophu.

Wonke lo msebenzi ubeka izwe endleleni ecacile: bangagcini ngokuthenga izixazululo zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe babo. ezingahlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela zikazwelonke noma zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngawo wonke la maphrojekthi asetafuleni, umuzwa ojwayelekile wukuthi Ama-Lasers okudubula ama-drones awaseyona inganekwane yesayensi ukuze libe yithuluzi elibucayi kakhulu, elisondela ngokusondela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga elikhulu. Manje inselele isekucwengisiseni ubuthakathaka bayo, ukuyihlanganisa kahle nezinye izinhlelo zokuvikela, kanye nokuqeqesha amabutho ahlomile ukuze ayisebenzise ngokugcwele.