Izinhlobo Eziyi-10 Zokuxhuma Ku-inthanethi Ezisebenzayo ngo-2021

Nakuba kuqinisekile ukuthi unayo endlini yakho uxhumano kwenethiwekhi, cishe awazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi umhlinzeki wakho akunikeze zona, nokuthi ziyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezici ezifana nesivinini, amaphakheji okudlulisela, njll...

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinketho eziningi kuzoncika ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunikeza i-inthanethi yakho, ngoba izidingo zomsebenzisi osakaza azifani nezomunye osebenzisa inethiwekhi ukuze abuke amanethiwekhi omphakathi kuphela.

▷Ungase ube nentshisekelo naku: Ukulungisa Iphutha elithi "Akukho Ukuxhumeka Kwe-inthanethi" ku-Windows 10 ▷

Kuyini Uxhumano Lwe-inthanethi?

Lolu uhlobo lokuxhumana oluvumela amadivayisi namakhompyutha (ama-PC, omakhalekhukhwini, amathelevishini, amathebulethi, amakhonsoli emidlalo yevidiyo , njll.) ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi ukuze uphequlule lokho esikwaziyo njenge- World Wide Web.

Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kusetshenziselwa futhi ukusungula izixhumanisi namaseva nokuthumela noma ukwamukela idatha, njenge-imeyili, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imiyalezo esheshayo, amaphrothokholi e-FTP, phakathi kwezinye eziningi.

Izinhlobo ezingu-10 Zokuxhunywa Kwe-inthanethi Okusetshenziswa Kakhulu

Ngokwenani ledatha elingathuthwa ngenethiwekhi kanye nendlela esetshenziswayo, izinhlobo zokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi ezisetshenziswa kuwo wonke umlando zingahlukaniswa, kusukela kokuyisisekelo kakhulu kuya kulezo esingazisebenzisa njengamanje.

1. Inethiwekhi yocingo eshintshiwe (PSTN) - Ayisebenzi

Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka selunqanyuliwe ngenxa yokuthi alunawo amandla okudlulisa idatha. Eqinisweni, i -Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ivumele kuphela ama-56 kbps we-bandwidth esiteshini esisodwa, okusho ukuthi kuthathe imizuzu embalwa ukulanda ifayela elingu-1 MB.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumeka kwe-PSTN kwakwaziwa njengohlelo oluhlukanisa izimpawu ezithunyelwa ngamakhompyutha, ukuze imodemu (isixhumanisi) ikwazi ukudlulisa ngendlela ye-analog izimpawu ezitholwe yikhompyutha.

Idatha kanye nokudluliselwa kwezwi ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakungeke kusetshenziswe ngalolu hlobo lokuxhumana, futhi kwakungavamile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwakusetshenziswa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku kanye nemisebenzi ethile.

2. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) – Ayisebenzi

I- Integrated Services Digital Network ingenye esivele iphelelwe yisikhathi, yize ngaleso sikhathi yayiyiphayona ekufakeni izici ezazingenazo izixhumanisi ze-PSTN, njengokudlulisa izwi nedatha ngeziteshi ezimbili ezizimele.

Ngokufanayo, i-ISDN yasebenza nemigqa yocingo, kodwa esikhundleni sokuyisebenzisa ngokufanisayo, yathathelwa indawo eyedijithali eyayidinga i-adaptha yenethiwekhi ekhethekile hhayi imodemu, kanye nesakhiwo esithile.

3. I-Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Isasetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ubuchwepheshe bayo buthuthukisiwe ukuze bufake izinhlelo zekhebula ezinamandla kakhulu, njenge-fiber optics. Izintambo zababhalisile bedijithali zisebenzisa izintambo zocingo zedijithali ukudlulisa idatha nge-modem noma i-router.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi ye-DSL, ezihlukile ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ukudlulisa idatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka lusebenzisa iziteshi ezimbili ezihlukene: eyodwa yezwi kanye nenye yedatha (i-inthanethi).

I-SHDSL

Lokhu kuxhuma kusebenzisa amabhangqa amabili ethusi ukuthumela idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu nangokulinganayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivinini sokulayisha nokulanda siyafana , ngokungafani nokuxhumeka okungalingani.

ADSL

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zobuchwepheshe be-ADSL, futhi zingathwala idatha eningi, kodwa zingalingani. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi lawa manethiwekhi asebenzisa isivinini esitholakalayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, enikeza idatha eyengeziwe kusivinini sokulayisha noma sokulanda.

I-HTTH

Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo namanethiwekhi e-DSL, kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izintambo zethusi noma ezinye izinto zokudlulisa idatha, isebenzisa i-fiber optics kusukela emishinini ephakathi kuya ekhaya, iqinisekisa isivinini esiphezulu, esilinganayo, nesizinzile.

4. Imodemu yekhebula

Ngenxa yokuthi izintambo ezisetshenziswa yizinsizakalo zethelevishini yekhebula (i-coaxial) zivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha eningi, kwadalwa ukuxhumana okwaziwa ngokuthi amamodemu ekhebula asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinto.

Abahlinzeki be-inthanethi bafaka ukuxhumana kwe-fiber-to-the-home, izintambo ze-coaxial, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga imodemu ekhethekile ekwazi ukuhumusha ulwazi olutholiwe.

Ukuxhumeka kwekhebula, kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-DSL, kungokubili okusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele namuhla futhi kuphakathi kwezinto ezizinzile kakhulu ezitholakalayo.

5. Imitha ye-Ethernet

Ezaziwa ngokuthi amanethiwekhi ezinsizakalo eziningi, lawa ukuxhumana okusebenzisa amanethiwekhi endawo yedolobha ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi. Akha imigqa yethusi noma ye-fiber optic, yize futhi angasebenzisa amanethiwekhi emvamisa yomsakazo atholakalayo.

I-Metro Ethernet uhlobo olusha lokuxhumana futhi ihlotshaniswa negama elithi 'Smart City' ngoba ingasebenzisa ngisho nezinhlelo ze-IP telephony noma zevidiyo zokudlulisa bukhoma, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhambisanayo okushiwo yilokhu.

Noma kunjalo, i-metro Ethernet izinzile kakhulu futhi ingathwala isivinini esikhulu se-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa kufika ku-10Gbits/s, okuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho esikufezayo nge-DSL noma ikhebula le-modem cable.

6. Ukudluliselwa kozimele

I-Frame Relay ingenye ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo njengamanje, yize ama-prototype ayo okuqala esukela ngo-1988. Isebenzisa ukushintshana kwamaphakethe ukuthutha idatha enkulu ngesikhathi esifushane.

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi luneziteshi ezihlukene zezwi nedatha, kodwa alukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuthembekile kumasevisi okusakaza bukhoma. Kodwa-ke, ludinga ukufakwa okuncane kanye nengqalasizinda encane ukuze lusebenze.

7. Inethiwekhi yomakhalekhukhwini

Ukuxhumana kweselula akusekusha kakhulu, yize kuqhubeka nokukhula ngobuchwepheshe obusha obufinyelela isivinini esiphezulu, njenge-4G kanye ne-5G, kusetshenziswa amaza omsakazo wezwe ngalinye kuphela.

Inethiwekhi yocingo oluphathwayo ithutha idatha kanye nezwi ngokwehlukana isebenzisa ukubethela kwe-TCP/IP, kodwa idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda ukuze idlulise izimpawu ukuze zikwazi ukwamukelwa amadivayisi aphatha lolu hlobo lokuxhumana.

8. I-inthanethi yesathelayithi

Isidingo sokuletha i-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude siholele ekuveleni kwalezi zinhlobo zezinsizakalo. Lokhu kufezwa kusetshenziswa izitsha zesathelayithi zomhlaba , ezidlulisela uxhumano kwisathelayithi bese zilubuyisela emishinini yokwamukela yabasebenzisi.

I-inthanethi yesathelayithi ibiza kakhulu kunokuxhumeka kwangaphambilini futhi idinga ingqalasizinda eqinile. Lokhu kungase kunganeli kubasebenzisi emadolobheni anezinketho eziningi ze-inthanethi, njengoba ingakwazi ngisho nokufinyelela isivinini esiphezulu.

Futhi i-inthanethi yesathelayithi akufanele ididaniswe nemvamisa yomsakazo, ngoba lokhu kokugcina kudinga ama-node nama-antenna atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile izakhiwo, kuyilapho i-inthanethi yesathelayithi idinga lokho kanye: amasathelayithi.

9. I-inthanethi engenantambo noma yomsakazo

Lapha, izintambo ze-coaxial, i-fiber optics, izintambo zethusi, noma izintambo zocingo zishiywa kancane ukuze kusetshenziswe izimpawu zomsakazo noma amagagasi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala imali engqalasizinda yokudlulisa ama-antenna, athwala isignali kuze kube yilapho ithathwa ngokwamukela ama-antenna.

I-inthanethi yemvamisa yomsakazo ingaba yithuba kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude lapho ubuchwepheshe bangaphambilini bungafinyeleli khona, kodwa futhi iyabiza futhi ivame ukungazinzile.

10. I-Power Line Communications (PLC)

Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lusha futhi luwusizo kakhulu uma kuziwa ekunciphiseni izindleko zokufaka, ngoba aludingi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezintsha zokuxhuma, kodwa lusebenzisa ukuxhumana kukagesi kwendawo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo olunezintambo olukhona endaweni yokufaka lusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uxhumano. Yiqiniso, kudingeka imishini ekhethekile ukuze kunqunywe idatha, futhi isivinini esihle singatholakala.

▷Funda: I-IPv6 Ngaphandle Kokufinyelela I-inthanethi ku-Windows 10. Izixazululo ▷

Iziphetho

I-inthanethi iyilungelo lomuntu okufanele sonke silifinyelele, ngakho-ke izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zitshale imali ekudaleni izindlela ezahlukene zokuletha lolu xhumano olubalulekile ezindaweni ezifihliwe kakhulu emhlabeni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngamagagasi omsakazo, kusetshenziswa amasathelayithi, kusetshenziswa izintambo zikagesi, izintambo ze-coaxial zethelevishini, i-fiber optics noma ithusi lendabuko, kodwa ngezilungiselelo ezithile zokusebenza kwayo okufanele.