Izinhlobo Eziyi-10 Zokuxhuma Ku-inthanethi Ezisebenzayo ngo-2021

Nakuba kuqinisekile ukuthi unayo endlini yakho uxhumano kwenethiwekhi, cishe awazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi umhlinzeki wakho akunikeze zona, nokuthi ziyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezici ezifana nesivinini, amaphakheji okudlulisela, njll...

Ukukhetha ezinye izindlela eziningi kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni ofuna ukukunikeza i-inthanethi yakho, ngoba azizona izimfuno ezifanayo zomsebenzisi owenza ukuthunyelwa kwe Ukusakaza, komunye osebenzisa inethiwekhi kuphela ukubuka amanethiwekhi omphakathi.

▷ Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo koku: Lungisa Iphutha Alukho Uxhumo Lwe-inthanethi ku-W10 ▷

Kuyini Uxhumano Lwe-inthanethi?

Lolu uhlobo lokuxhumana oluvumela amadivayisi namakhompyutha (i-PC, omakhalekhukhwini, amathelevishini, amaphilisi, amakhonsoli egeyimu) ukuthi axhume kunethiwekhi. imidlalo yevidiyo, njll…) xhuma ku-inthanethi ukuze uphequlule esikwazi ngokuthi Iwebhu yomhlaba jikelele.

Nokho, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi Futhi zisebenzela ukusungula izixhumanisi namaseva futhi zithumele noma zamukele idatha, efana nama-imeyili, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imiyalezo esheshayo, izivumelwano ze-FTP, phakathi kwezinye eziningi.

Izinhlobo ezingu-10 Zokuxhunywa Kwe-inthanethi Okusetshenziswa Kakhulu

Ngokwenani ledatha elingathuthwa ngenethiwekhi nendlela esetshenziswayo, idatha ingahlukaniswa. izinhlobo zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi esetshenziswa kuwo wonke umlando, kusukela kweziyisisekelo kuya kulezo esingazisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo namuhla.

1. Inethiwekhi yocingo eshintshiwe (PSTN) - Ayisebenzi

Kulezi zinsuku, lolu hlobo lokuxhumana seluyinto engokoqobo kumisiwe ngokunganeli lapho uthutha idatha. Eqinisweni, i- Ushintshe Inethiwekhi Yocingo Ivumele kuphela umkhawulokudonsa ongu-56kbps ukuthi uthuthwe esiteshini esifanayo, ngakho kuthathe imizuzu embalwa ukulanda ifayela elingu-1mb.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumana kwe-RTC kwakwaziwa njengohlelo olususa amasignali athunyelwa ngamakhompyutha, ukuze imodemu. (isixhumanisi) ingadlulisela ngendlela ye-analogi amasignali atholwe ikhompuyutha.

Idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa nokudluliswa kwezwi akukwazanga ukusetshenziswa nalezi zinhlobo zokuxhuma, ngaphandle nje kokuthi Kwahamba kancane, ngakho yayisetshenziswa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku kanye nemisebenzi ethile.

2. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) – Ayisebenzi

La Inethiwekhi Yedijithali yezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe Ngolunye oseluphelelwe yisikhathi, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi lwaluyiphayona ekuhlanganiseni izici izixhumanisi ze-PSTN ezingenazo, njengokudlulisa izwi nedatha ngeziteshi ezimbili ezizimele.

Ngokufanayo, i-ISDN yasebenza nemigqa yocingo, kodwa esikhundleni sokuyisebenzisa ngokufanisayo, yathathelwa indawo eyedijithali eyayidinga i-adaptha yenethiwekhi ekhethekile hhayi imodemu, kanye nesakhiwo esithile.

3. I-Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Isasetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe futhi ubuchwepheshe bayo sebuthuthukisiwe ukuze bufake amasistimu amakhebula anamandla, afana ne-fiber optics. I imigqa yokubhalisa yedijithali Basebenzisa imigqa yocingo yedijithali ukuthutha idatha, ngemodemu noma router.

Ngokwayo, singathola izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhunywa kwe-inthanethi kwe-DSL ezihluka phakathi kwazo nge izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuthutha idatha. Ukwengeza, lolu uxhumano olusebenzisa iziteshi ezimbili ezihlukene, esisodwa sezwi nesinye sedatha (i-inthanethi).

I-SHDSL

Lokhu ukuxhumana okusebenzisa amapheya amabili ethusi ukuthumela idatha ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngokulinganayo. Okusho ukuthi, isivinini sokulayisha nokulanda kuyefana komunye nomunye, ngokungafani nokuxhumeka kwe-asymmetric.

ADSL

Kunezinguqulo eziningana zobuchwepheshe be-ADSL futhi zingakwazi ukuthutha inani elikhulu ledatha, kodwa indlela ye-asymmetrical. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamanethiwekhi lusebenzisa isivinini esitholakalayo okwamanje, ukuze lunikeze idatha eyengeziwe ukuze ilayishwe noma ilandwe.

I-HTTH

Kuthatha ithuba lobuchwepheshe obufanayo namanethiwekhi e-DSL, kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izintambo zethusi noma ezinye izinto ukuthutha idatha, esikhundleni se-fiber optics kusukela kukhompuyutha emaphakathi kuya ekhaya, okuqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu sokulinganisa kanye nezinzile

4. Imodemu yekhebula

Ngoba izintambo ezisetshenziswa amasevisi kamabonakude wekhebula (coaxial) zivumela inani elikhulu ledatha ukuthi lithuthwe, ukuxhumana okwaziwa ngokuthi imodemu yekhebula abasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinto.

Abahlinzeki be-inthanethi bafaka uxhumo lwe-fiber optic ekhaya, izintambo ze-coaxial, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha. Nakuba lokhu imodemu ekhethekile iyadingeka ekwazi ukuhumusha ulwazi olutholiwe.

Ukuxhumeka kwekhebula, kanye nokuxhumeka kohlobo lwe-DSL Zimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla emhlabeni jikelele futhi enye yezinzile kakhulu ekhona.

5. Imitha ye-Ethernet

Aziwa njengamanethiwekhi ezinsiza eziningi, axhumano olusebenzisa i- amanethiwekhi ezindawo zamadolobha amakhulu ukunikela ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi. Lokhu kwakha imigqa yethusi noma i-fiber optic, nakuba ungase futhi usebenzise amanethiwekhi omsakazo atholakalayo.

Imitha ye-Ethernet Iwuhlobo lwakamuva lokuxhumana futhi luhlotshaniswa negama elithi 'Smart City', ngoba lingasebenzisa izingcingo ze-IP noma amasistimu wevidiyo ukusakaza bukhoma, nokuguquguquka okulandelanayo okushiwo yilokhu.

Noma kunjalo, i-ethernet engaphansi komhlaba izinzile kakhulu futhi ingathwala isivinini esikhulu se-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa kufika ku-10Gbits/s, ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho esikutholayo ngezintambo ze-DSL noma ze-Cablemodem.

6. Ukudluliselwa kozimele

Ukudluliselwa kozimele Ngobunye ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa namuhla, nakuba ama-prototypes awo okuqala asetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1988. Ukuze asizakale, isebenzisa ukushintsha kwephakethe ukuthutha izingcezu ezinkulu zedatha ngesikhathi esifushane.

Ngokulandelayo, lolu hlobo loxhumano lwe-inthanethi luneziteshi ezihlukene zezwi nedatha, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela ezinzile kumasevisi abukhoma. Yebo, kudinga izindleko ezincane zokufakwa kanye nengqalasizinda ukusebenza.

7. Inethiwekhi yomakhalekhukhwini

Ukuxhumana ngocingo lweselula akukona okwakamuva kakhulu, yize kusaqhubeka nokukhula ngobuchwepheshe obusha obufinyelela isivinini esikhulu, njenge-4G ne-5G, kusetshenziswa kuphela amaza omsakazo Ezweni ngalinye.

Inethiwekhi yocingo lweselula ithutha idatha nezwi ngokuhlukana ukubethela kwe-TCP/IP, kodwa idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kungqalasizinda edlulisa amasignali ukuze atholwe amadivayisi aphethe lolu hlobo lokuxhuma.

8. I-inthanethi yesathelayithi

Isidingo sokuletha i-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude sidinga ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwezinsizakalo. Kulokhu, zisetshenziswa i-parabolic i-terrestrial, ethumela ukuxhumana kusathelayithi bese ithuthwa ibuyiselwe kumathuluzi okwamukela abasebenzisi.

El i-inthanethi yesathelayithi Ibiza kakhulu kunokuxhumana kwangaphambilini, ngaphandle kokuthi idinga ingqalasizinda ephakeme. Konke lokhu kungase kunganele kubasebenzisi emadolobheni anensada yezinhlobo ze-inthanethi, ngoba ayikwazi ngisho nokufinyelela isivinini esikhulu.

Futhi akufanele i-inthanethi yesathelayithi iphanjaniswe nefrikhwensi yomsakazo, ngoba lokhu kwakamuva kudinga ama-node nama-antenna atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile izakhiwo, kuyilapho isathelayithi idinga lokho ngokuqondile, amasathelayithi.

9. I-inthanethi engenantambo noma yomsakazo

Lapha izintambo ze-coaxial, i-fiber, ithusi noma izintambo zocingo ziyenqatshwa ngokwengxenye ukusebenzisa amasignali noma amaza omsakazo. Nakuba kubalulekile ukutshala ingqalasizinda yokudlulisa izimpondo, ezihambisa isignali kuze kube yilapho ukuthola izimpondo babambe.

El I-inthanethi ye-radio frequency Kungaba ithuba kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude lapho ubuchwepheshe bangaphambili bungakwazi ukufinyelela khona, kodwa futhi kuyabiza futhi ngokuvamile akuzinzile.

10. I-Power Line Communications (PLC)

Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lwakamuva futhi luwusizo kakhulu uma kuziwa ekwehliseni izindleko zokufakwa, ngoba aludingi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezintsha zokufaka izintambo, kodwa kunalokho lisebenzisa ukuxhunywa kukagesi wendawo.

Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lwezintambo olukhona endaweni yokufaka yilona olusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uxhumano. Yebo, imishini ekhethekile iyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe idatha futhi ingakwazi finyelela izivinini ezinhle.

▷Funda: I-Ipv6 Ngaphandle Kokufinyelela Ku-inthanethi Ku-Windows 10. Izixazululo ▷

Iziphetho

I-inthanethi iyilungelo lomuntu okufanele sonke silifinyelele, ngakho izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zitshale imali ekwakhiweni kwemithombo yezindaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene letha ukuxhumana okubalulekile, ezindaweni ezicashe kakhulu emhlabeni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngamaza omsakazo, kusetshenziswa amasathelayithi, ukusebenzisa izintambo zikagesi, izintambo zikamabonakude ze-coaxial, i-fiber optics noma ithusi lendabuko, kodwa ngezilungiselelo ezithile ngokusebenza kwayo okulungile.