Isifundo: Vectorize ku-Inkscape - Umhlahlandlela ophelele

Ungathanda ukufunda nge-vectorization ku-Inkscape? Lapha sizochaza konke okuhlanganisayo Vectorize ku-Inkscape ngendlela evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzofunda izinto ozithakaselayo ezijwayelekile ze-vectorization. Sikumema ukuthi uhlale nathi.

Iyini i-vectorization?

Kuyisenzo sokuguqula isithombe esichazwe ngamachashazi anemibala (i-bitmap, okungukuthi, isithombe "esivamile") sibe isithombe esichazwe amafomula ezibalo abizwa ngokuthi "ama-vectors": imigqa, amajika, njll. Lesi sifundo sizokufundisa indlela yokwenza i-vectorize ku-Inkscape kalula.

Lapha ungafunda mayelana: 8 Izinhlelo Zokudala Izithombe Ze-Vector

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-vectorizing ku-Inkscape

Ventajas:

1. Ungakwazi ukukhulisa isithombe esine-vector cishe ngokungapheli, sibe ngusayizi oyifunayo futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa.
2. Izithombe zithatha isikhala esincane kune-bitmaps.

Izithiyo

1. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphatha imibala eyinkimbinkimbi; Ngakho-ke, i-vectorization ifaneleka kuphela ukudweba imigqa noma ukufaka imibala ngezindawo eziyisicaba (isibonelo: amahlaya "endabuko" (hhayi imibala yesimanje eyinkimbinkimbi), i-manga engenafreyimu (ungabeka amazinga ampunga ngakolunye uhlangothi), njll.)
2. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezithombe zakho zeholide ngokushesha!

Indlela 1: Ungayifaka kanjani i-vector ku-Inkscape?

Njengesibonelo, sizothatha lo mdwebo womugqa. Njengoba ubona, Umdwebo “womugqa”.: Imnyama noma imhlophe, azikho izikali ezimpunga, imibala noma izikrini.

Ake sibone ubuso bakhe:

Ake sithi ufuna lobu buso, kodwa obukhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu. Yini ongayenza?

Nabu ubuso obukhuliswe ngokuthi «kubukhulu".

1. I-Paso 1: Ngakho-ke, ake sizame indlela engcono kakhulu etholakala ku-Photoshop, okungukuthi leyo ebizwa ngokuthi «i-bicubic«. Nakhu elikunikezayo:

Kuyadida.

QAPHELA: I-Photoshop ayilukhulisi kahle lolu hlobo lwesithombe. Kuyadabukisa. Yini-ke okufanele uyenze? Ngesibukeli sesithombe, esibizwa I-IrfanView, enezihlungi zokushintsha usayizi ezithuthuke kakhulu, zingalinganiswa kodwa noma kunjalo zingafakwa kwi-vector.

Isihlungi se-Lanczos

Nabu ubuso obukhulile ngenxa «Isihlungi se-Lanczos".

Ngeshwa, nakuba lesi sihlungi sinjalo ngempumelelo ngokwedlulele ezithombeni ihlanzekile futhi ihlanzekile, ijwayele ukukhulisa ama-artifacts okucindezela kwe-Jpeg.

I-B-Splines

Nabu ubuso obukhule ngesu "b-spline".

Kungcono kakhulu, kodwa ngokuzumayo... kubukeka kufiphele.

Umbono ocabangayo

Uma kubhekwa ubunzima nekhwalithi ephansi yokwanda okungase kube khona, abantu baye bacabanga ngakho, futhi bacabange into efana nale:

Njengoba wonke umdwebo wakhiwe imigqa, singayithola yini le migqa bese siyikhulisa? Ngaleyo ndlela besingeke sibe nazo zonke lezi zinkinga!

BuenoYebo, singazithola lezi zici. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-vectorization", futhi sizobona ukuthi isebenza kanjani manje.

Indlela 2: Vectorize ku-Inkscape

Ukuze wenze lokhu, silanda isofthiwe ebizwa I-Inkscape.

Kungani singasebenzisi isofthiwe yobuchwepheshe, njenge-Illustrator? Izizathu yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Kumahhala
2. Iqukethe imojuli ye-vectorization yamahhala nenamandla.
3. Isebenza ku-PC, Mac y Linux.

Yilande futhi uyifake. Ukufakwa kude, kujwayelekile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, gcina isithombe sobuso obusayizi ojwayelekile ekhoneni le-hard drive yakho uzosidinga ukuze sihlolwe.

Inqubo yokwenza i-vectorize ku-Inkscape

1. I-Paso 1: Ivule nge-Inkscape. Unelungelo lokugxeka inkhulumomphendvulwano yokuvula, ngeshwa okuyi-monstrosity e-ergonomic. Kufanele uthole okuthile okufana nalokhu:

2. I-Paso 2: Thatha ithuluzi «ukukhethwa» (umcibisholo omnyama) bese uchofoza esithombeni ukuze usikhethe:

3. I-Paso 3: Khona-ke kufanele uye Indlela-> Vectorize bitmap kanye sithola ibhokisi lengxoxo elihle:

4. I-Paso 4: Sizosebenzisa imodi yokuqala. Chofoza ku-«buyekeza»ukuhlola kuqala ukwenziwa kwe-vector, bese udlala ngomkhawulo wokukhanya.

QAPHELA: Njengoba kunemininingwane eminingi emincane, singaya kokuthi «izinketho»ukwazi ukuzigcina.

KUBALULEKILE: I-Inkscape iyisofthiwe eningi kakhulu, ngisho. Ngenxa yalokho, awukwazi ukubeka amaphuzu (awacatshangelwa). Valelisa ekubhaleni ikhiphedi yezinombolo...

Ngaphandle kokuzama kanzima, futhi ngemva kokuzama okumbalwa, ungathola izilungiselelo ezibukeka zizinhle.

Ngokwami ​​nalesi sithombe, ngithanda nalokhu:

1. Umkhawulo wokukhanya: 0.500
2. Susa umsindo: 1
3. Amakhona abushelelezi: 1.00
4. Lungiselela imizila: 0.10

Konke lokhu kuncike ngokuphelele esithombeni sakho, ungangabazi ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi.
Noma kunjalo, ukuze ube nokuthile ngempela”limpio”, isithombe kuzomele sisetshenzwe kabusha.

Nasi isithombe esivezwe nge-vector kanye nesithombe esijwayelekile side by side ku-Inkscape (ngokuzenzakalelayo ziyagqagqana, sebenzisa umcibisholo omnyama ukususa owodwa, nansi i-bitmap):

Qaphela ukuthi silahlekelwe imininingwane, ikakhulukazi entanyeni noma ezintweni ezincane kakhulu.

Manje sesingakwazi ukuthekelisa isithombe sethu njenge-bitmap, ngosayizi esiwufunayo, ngokukhetha isithombe nokwenza Ifayela -> Khipha i-bitmap:

Sinentshisekelo kuphela ku-“izilinganiso ze-bitmap".

Ungakhohlwa ukuchofoza «qinisekisa»ukuthekelisa ngempela, futhi akufani "qinisekisa" ukhetha igama lefayela.

Nakhu esikutholayo:

Besingenza kangcono ngokunikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokusetha.

Abakaki kufomethi esetshenziswa yi-Inkscape

Ungagcina izithombe ze-Inkscape ngefomethi ye-SVG, okwamanje engavulwa nge-Opera, Firefox, Chrome, Safari (kodwa hhayi i-IE), kanye ne-OpenOffice, I-Gimp nabanye abaningi.

Ulwazi lwalabo abathanda ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani

Uyazi ukuthi i-XML isemfashinini? Hhayi-ke, hlela ifayela le-svg ngomhleli wakho wombhalo oyintandokazi… Kuyamangalisa! I-XML! Uzokwazi ukuhlela izithombe zakho kukhonsoli ngaphansi kwe-Linux nge-VI noma i-Emacs!

Lokhu kukhetha kunikeza izinzuzo ezine:

1. Ifomethi esezingeni futhi evulekile, ngakho-ke izinzile el tiempo kanye nokuqaliswa kwamahhala.
2. Izithombe ezitholiwe zicindezelwe kahle kakhulu (kukhona ngisho nephrojekthi yefomethi ecindezelwe ngokomdabu ene-GZip, i-.svgz)
3. Singakwazi ukubuyisela ingxenye enhle yefayela uma yonakele.
4. Ungenza izinguquko eziqondile efayeleni le-XML bese ushintsha isithombe ngawo wonke amathuluzi aphatha i-XML. Ngokwesibonelo, singacabanga "ngethebula le-pivot" ku-SVG + Javascript.

Inkinga enkulu ngale nqubo ukuthi ikhombisa imikhawulo yayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Isithombe kufanele siphelele, sibe mnyama kakhulu kumhlophe kakhulu, singabi nemininingwane emincane kakhulu, singabi nemibala (futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ngaphandle kwama-gradients), njll.
Futhi, kufanele uhlele isithombe ngemuva kweqiniso ukuze ube nokuthile okuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyasiza ukukwazi ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithombe ku-Inkscape.

Indlela yesi-3: Vectorize ku-Inkscape ngokuhlukanisa imibala

Manje, ake sifunde isici esithokozisayo sesoftware ye-Inkscape: i-vectorization yesithombe se-bitmap ngokuqhuma imibala ngezingcezu. Umgomo wenqubo uwukwenza isithombe sibe yi-vector ngenkathi sisika ezindaweni ezimbalwa eziyisicaba zemibala ehlukene. Sizobona lokhu ukusebenza kucishe kuzenzekele ku-Inkscape.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuzothatha imizamo embalwa ukuthola izilungiselelo ezifanele, kodwa umbala ogqamile ngokwawo ulula.

Vectorize ngemibala ehlukanisayo ye-Inkscape

1. I-Paso 1: Vula isithombe sakho ku-Inkscape.
2. I-Paso 2: Vectorize it usebenzisa imenyu » Umzila " bese »Vectorize i-bitmap".

3. I-Paso 3: Khetha inketho » Imibala» bese ukhombisa inani lamaphasi owafunayo (sebenzisa ukubuka kuqala okubukhoma ukuze unqume inani lamaphasi ngokusekelwe kumphumela oyifunayo).

4. I-Paso 4: Hlukanisa umphumela (chofoza kwesokudla bese uthi «khipha iqembu«) bese ususa imibala eqinile engenamsebenzi (kuzoba khona ngempela).

5. I-Paso 5: Londoloza ifayela lakho ngefomethi ye-SVG.

Indlela yesi-4: Vectorize ku-Inkscape (pictogram)

Lo msebenzi uzosetshenziselwa ukusizakala kwemizila yomphumela we-vectorization ukuze usetshenziswe. Uma ulindele ukuthola isithombe esifanayo, kodwa ku-vector, uzodumala.

Ngokufanelekile, lesi sici siveza ama-silhouette amnyama kungemuva elikhanyayo kahle kakhulu. Kukhona inketho engafaka umbala, kodwa i-Inkscape izodala izendlalelo eziningi njengoba kunemibala. Bese ugcina usunezinto ezimbalwa ezinamathiselwe ngaphansi kwenye. Okungaba yinkimbinkimbi ukuyilungisa.

Ukuze wenze isithombe se-vectorize:

1. I-Paso 1: Ngemenyu Ifayela > Ngenisa, ngenisa isithombe esilula se-bitmap.
2. I-Paso 2: Khetha isithombe ngethuluzi Ukukhethwa.
3. I-Paso 3: Qalisa umyalo wokuguqula I-Chemin > Vectorize Bitmap.
4. I-Paso 4: Ibhokisi lengxoxo liyavela elikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngcono izinketho.
5. I-Paso 5: Uma wenelisekile ngomphumela wokubuka kuqala, chofoza Qinisekisa. Umphumela ubonakala ngokushesha kukhanvasi. Itholakala ngenhla kwesithombe sakho.

Sizochaza ngezinketho zaleli thuluzi elikhulu. Ithebhu yokuqala iqukethe Amamodi amaningana:

1. Imodi yomkhawulo wokukhanya. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, lokhu kudala indlela yohlobo lwe-silhouette yomumo ofana ne-pictogram.
2. Imodi yokuthola unqenqema. Iwusizo uma ufuna ukwenza i-vectorize yohlaka lomumo.
3. Ukwandiswa Kombala. Iwusizo uma ufuna umphumela onemibala.

Okukhethwa kukho Amaphasi amaningi izovumela umphumela omuhle kakhulu, kodwa izodala izinto eziningi njengokudlula.

Ngakwesokudla sengxoxo, ungakhohlwa ukubuyekeza ukubuka kuqala ngoshintsho ngalunye futhi uqinisekise ukuze uthole umphumela.

Indlela yesi-5: Vectorize ku-Inkscape: Rasterize

I-Inkscape ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule izithombe ze-raster, wenze umzila (isici ) ifakwe emdwebeni wakho we-SVG. Le ndlela izokusiza ukuthi uqalise ukusebenzisa ithuluzi.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi inhloso yokulandelela ngaleli thuluzi akukhona ukukhiqiza impinda ncamashi yesithombe sokuqala, noma ukukhiqiza umphumela wokugcina. Alikho ithuluzi le-automatic vectorization elingakhiqiza lokhu. Uzothola isethi yamajika ongayisebenzisa njengezinsiza emdwebeni wakho.

Ngokuvamile, amaphikseli amnyama kakhulu esithombeni esimaphakathi, i-Potrace ye-vectorization izokhiqiza kakhulu. Lapho i-vectorization inkulu, isikhathi senqubo sikhulu futhi indlela ewumphumela iba nkulu. Siphakamisa ukuthi uzame lokhu ngezithombe eziphakathi nendawo ezikhanyayo, zizenze mnyama ngendlela edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe usayizi oyifunayo nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwendlela ewumphumela.

1. I-Paso 1: Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi le-vectorization
2. I-Paso 2- Vula noma ngenisa isithombe
3. I-Paso 3: yikhethe bese ukhipha umyalo noma cindezela: Umzila ⇒ Vectorize raster object Shift + Alt + B

Uzobona izinketho ezintathu zokuhlunga ezitholakalayo:

Umkhawulo wokukhanya

Le nketho imane isebenzisa isamba sezingxenye ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, neziluhlaza (noma umthunzi wokumpunga) zephikseli ukuze inqume ukuthi kufanele yini ibhekwe njengemnyama noma emhlophe. Umkhawulo ungasethwa phakathi kuka-0,0 (omnyama) no-1,0 (omhlophe). Uma lo mkhawulo uphezulu, amaphikseli ambalwa athathwa “njengamhlophe” bese kuba mnyama isithombe esimaphakathi.

Ukutholwa komphetho

Le nketho isebenzisa i-algorithm yokuthola unqenqema ehlongozwe ngu-J. Canny, ukuze kutholwe ngokushesha ama-isoclines yokuqhathanisa okufanayo. Lokhu kukhiqiza isithombe esimaphakathi esibukeka sincane njengesithombe sokuqala kunomphumela womkhawulo wokukhanya, kodwa ngokuvamile esiqukethe amajika abengashaywa indiva.

I-threshold ebekwe lapha (0,0 ukuya ku-1,0) ilungisa umkhawulo wokukhanya ukuze inqume ukuthi i-pixel encikene nejika lokugqama kufanele ifakwe yini kumphumela. Ukulungiswa kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ubumnyama noma ukujiya kwemiphetho yomphumela.

Ukwandiswa Kombala

Umphumela walesi sihlungi uzoveza isithombe esimaphakathi esihluke kakhulu kuleso esikhiqizwe nezinye ezimbili, kodwa esingaba wusizo kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokubheka ama-isoclines wokugqama noma ukukhanya, bheka imikhawulo yokushintsha kombala, ngisho nokuhluka okungapheli noma ukukhanya.

• Isilungiselelo lapha, inombolo yemibala, sinquma inombolo yemibala isithombe esimaphakathi okufanele sibe nayo uma besinombala.
• Bese yenza ukuzimisela okumhlophe/okumnyama ngokuya ngenkomba elinganayo noma eyinqaba yemibala.

Kufanele uzame lezi zihlungi ezintathu futhi ubone imiphumela ehlukene eziyikhiqizayo yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe. Ngomfanekiso onikeziwe, kuzoba khona osebenza kangcono kunezinye.

Ngemuva kwe-vectorization, kufanele uzame ukusebenzisa umyalo endleleni ewumphumela, ukwehlisa inani lamanodi. Lokhu kungenza ukuhlela okukhiphayo kwe-Potrace kube lula kakhulu.

• Isibonelo, nasi isibonelo esijwayelekile se-vectorization “Ikhehla Elidlala Isiginci": Umzila ⇒ Yenza lula u-Ctrl + L

Khumbula inani elikhulu lamanodi emzileni. Ngemuva kokucindezela, lokhu kuwumphumela ojwayelekile: Ctrl + L

Ukumelwa kulukhuni kancane, kodwa umdwebo ulula futhi kulula ukuwuhlela. Khumbula ukuthi okudingayo akukhona ukumelela okuqondile kwesithombe kodwa isethi yamajika ongayisebenzisa emdwebeni wakho.

Isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, lezi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ongazisebenzisa ukuze wenze i-vectorize ku-Inkscape. Ngayinye yalezi zeluleko ingaba usizo esikhathini esizayo, khumbula nje ukuzilolonga ukuze umsebenzi wakho ubukeke uchwepheshe. Sithemba ukuthi sikusize ngalolu lwazi.