- i-altermagnetism Inikezwa njengesigaba esisha samagnetism esinezici eziyingqayizivele neziguquguqukayo.
- Lesi simo singaguqula ubuchwepheshe obufana ama-spintronics futhi i i-quantum computing.
- Abacwaningi basebenzise i-MnTe ukuze baqinisekise izakhiwo ze-altermagnetism.
- Ukutholwa kuthembisa amadivaysi asheshayo, asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi asimeme ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwe-magnetism.
I-Magnetism ibilokhu ingenye yezinsika ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje., kusukela kuma-hard drive kuya kumishini kagesi ethuthuke kakhulu esinayo nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, okutholwe kamuva nje kuye kwanyakazisa izisekelo zalo mkhakha ngokutholakala kwesigaba esisha ngokuphelele sikazibuthe esingase sichaze kabusha i-physics nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe: i-altermagnetism.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akuthembisi nje kuphela ukuguqula izici zethiyori, kodwa futhi kufaka isandla esibalulekile izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezindaweni ezifana ne ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo, i-spintronics kanye ne-quantum computing. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzikhandla wamaqembu esayensi yamazwe ngamazwe, lesi simo, kuze kube manje sisezingqondweni kuphela, siye sabonwa ngokuhlolwa, siphawula ngaphambi nangemuva emlandweni wezinto zikazibuthe.
Iyini i-altermagnetism?
I-Altermagnetism ingumqondo ohluke ngokuphelele ezinhlotsheni zendabuko zamagnetism. njenge-ferromagnetism noma i-antiferromagnetism. Esikhundleni sokuthembela ekuqondaneni kwe-unidirectional noma ephikisana ne-antiparallel yezikhathi zikazibuthe zama-athomu, lesi sigaba esisha sibonakala ngohlelo oluzungezisiwe oluphikisana ne-parallel olususelwe esakhiweni sekristalu sento.
Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi, nakuba ingekho magnetization, iyakwazi ukushintsha ama-spin currents ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenza i-altermagnetism ibe yindawo ebalulekile ye-spintronics, ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obusebenzisa i-spin yama-electron ukucubungula ulwazi, ukunikeza. ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kanye nokulawula okuphumelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zamanje.
Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zalesi sigaba esisha sikazibuthe
Amandla wezobuchwepheshe we-altermagnetism makhulu kakhulu. Imishini kagesi okwamanje ethembele ezintweni ezivamile kazibuthe, njenge-cobalt ne-nickel, ingazuza ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezisimeme nezingenabuthi obuncane be-altermagnetic.
Esinye sezici ezijabulisa kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-magnetism lungakwazi ukwandisa isivinini semishini yedijithali kuze kufike izikhathi eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu kumelela ukweqa kwe-quantum ezindaweni ezifana isitoreji ubuhlakani bedijithali noma bokwenziwa, lapho ikhono lokuphatha inani elikhulu ledatha ngokushesha kubalulekile.
Ukwengeza, ama-altermagnetics ahambisana kakhulu nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile obufana ukuqhuba kahle futhi i ama-insulators e-topological. Lokhu kuvula amathuba okudala amadivayisi ayingxube anezici ezihlukile ezihlanganisa ukulinganisa nokonga amandla.
Izinto ezibalulekile: MnTe
Ukutholwa kokuhlolwa kwe-altermagnetism kwenziwa kusetshenziswa into ebizwa ngokuthi MnTe (manganese telluride). Le nhlanganisela ilungele ucwaningo ngenxa yobuningi bayo obuhlobene kanye nesakhiwo sayo esicwebezelayo esivumela ukubuka amaphethini kazibuthe ayinkimbinkimbi ahlotshaniswa nalesi sigaba esisha sikazibuthe.
Elabhorethri ye-MAX IV e-Sweden, ososayensi basebenzisa amasu e-X-ray athuthukisiwe ukuze benze imephu yokuhlelwa kazibuthe ku-MnTe. Lokhu kuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kusivumele ukuthi sibuke ukulungiselelwa okufana ama-vortices kazibuthe nezindonga zesizinda, umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe owawungenakwenzeka kuze kube manje ngezinto ezivamile.
UDkt Oliver Amin, omunye wabaholi bephrojekthi, ugcizelele ukuthi "lokhu kuhlola akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ubukhona be-altermagnetism, kodwa futhi kubonisa ukusebenza kwayo Izicelo ezingokoqobo kumadivayisi kazibuthe athuthukile. Leli zinga lokunemba livule indlela yocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
Isinyathelo ukusuka kuthiyori ukuya ekusebenzeni
Ithiyori ye-altermagnetism yasungulwa ngo-2022 ithimba labacwaningi elihlanganisa u-L. Šmejkal, J. Sinova no-T. Jungwirth. Ezifundweni zabo, bachaze ukuthi lesi sigaba sikazibuthe sikwephula kanjani ukulinganisa kokuhlehla kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza i-net magnetization, enikeza izakhiwo eziwusizo kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe.
Kodwa kwakungowezi-2024 lapho kutholakala khona ubufakazi bokuqala bokuhlola. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kujenali Imvelo alugcinanga nje ngokuqinisekisa izibikezelo zetiyori, kodwa futhi lunikeze indlela yokulawula ukulungiselelwa kazibuthe kusetshenziswa imiklamo ene-microstructured kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akukaze kwenzeke futhi kusondeza i-altermagnetism ekusebenziseni kwayo kumadivayisi asebenzayo.
Umthelela kukhompyutha kanye ne-spintronics
Emkhakheni we-spintronics, i-altermagnetism ingase imele ukushintsha kwe-paradigm yangempela ngokuhlanganisa ikhono lama-ferromagnets okubhala nokufunda idatha nokuzinza okungokwemvelo kwama-antiferromagnets. Lokhu kuzovumela ukwakhiwa kwamadivayisi ahlala isikhathi eside futhi amelana ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni we-quantum computing, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-altermagnetic nama-superconductors kuveza ikusasa elithembisayo. Amandla ayo okwenza imephu yokucushwa kazibuthe enembayo ephezulu kanye nokumelana kwayo nokuphazamiseka kuyenza ibe ikhandidethi elifanele lezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-quantum.
Imibono yesikhathi esizayo
Ukutholakala kwe-altermagnetism kumelela kuphela isiqalo sendlela ende yocwaningo nentuthuko. Njengoba izici zayo eziyingqayizivele ziqondwa kangcono, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kungenzeka zivele eziguqula zonke izimboni, kusukela kubathengi be-electronics kuya kubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe be-quantum.
Ngenxa yemizamo yabacwaningi kanye nokwesekwa kwamasu okuhlola athuthukile njengalawo asetshenziswa elabhorethri ye-MAX IV, indlela eya ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwe-altermagnetism icace kunangaphambili. Le ntuthuko iqokomisa indlela isayensi engaqhubeka ngayo isimangalisa, ngisho nasezindaweni ezazibonakala ziqinile njengozibuthe. Lesi simo akuseyona eyezwe lethiyori kuphela, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo sekusondele ekuhlanganisweni nezimpilo zethu zansuku zonke kunalokho esasikucabanga ngaphambili.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.