Indlela yokuvula ifayela le-.md bese usebenza ne-Markdown isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma uhlangabezane nefayela elinesandiso se-. .md futhi awazi ukuthi ungayivula kanjaniUngakhathazeki, kuvamile impela. Lawa mafayela akhona yonke indawo: amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe, amaphrojekthi... uhleloAmanothi, ngisho nasezindaweni zokugcina izinto ezifana ne-GitHub. Ukuqonda ukuthi ayini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezingawavula kuzokusindisa ezinhlungwini eziningi.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzobona Iyini ngempela ifayela le-MD, futhi lisetshenziselwani? kanye nazo zonke izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyivula nokuyibuka kokubili Windows, njengaku-macOS, Linux noma ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli, kufaka phakathi izinketho zokuya ukubuka kuqala okusheshayoNgaphezu kwalokho, sizobuyekeza abahleli nababukeli (umthombo wamahhala novulekile ezimweni eziningi) okuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokunethezeka ngalolu hlobo lwedokhumenti.

Iyini ifayela le-.md futhi lisetshenziselwani?

Ifayela elinesandiso I-.md (noma i-.markdown) iyidokhumenti yombhalo ocacile Kubhalwe kusetshenziswa ulimi lwe-Markdown markup olulula. Okusho ukuthi, akulona ifayela eliyi-binary elingavamile noma into efana naleyo: ngaphakathi kwalo umbhalo ojwayelekile nje, kuphela nge-syntax elula kakhulu yokufometha.

I-Markdown yadalwa ngo-2004 yi- UJohn Gruber no-Aaron Swartz nomqondo owodwa ocacile: ukukwazi Bhala okuqukethwe ngombhalo ocacile okulula ukuwufunda Ngisho noma ungayinaki ifomethi, ungayiguqula kalula ibe yi-HTML noma i-XHTML yokushicilela kuwebhu. Yingakho, uma uvula ifayela le-.md, uzobona izimpawu njengezimpawu zamaphawundi, ama-hyphen, noma ama-asterisk abonisa izihloko, uhlu, noma ukugcizelela.

I-syntax ye-Markdown ibhekwa njenge- ulimi lwe-markup olulaEsikhundleni samathegi ayinkimbinkimbi njengaku-HTML, isebenzisa izinqamuleli ezinembile kakhulu ukukhombisa izinto ezifana izihloko, amathebula, ama-indent, noma umbhalo ogqanyisiweKonke lokhu kugcinwa kufayela lombhalo ocacile, ukuze idokhumenti ihlale ifundeka ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma iyiphi isofthiwe ekhethekile.

Empeleni, ifayela le-MD Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengengobo yomlando yemibhalo ngaphakathi kwamaphrojekthi esofthiwe, amakhasi ewebhu angaguquki, noma izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amadokhumenti e-HTML. Ifayela libhalwa ngombhalo ocacile kusetshenziswa i-Markdown bese liguqulwa libe amanye amafomethi, ikakhulukazi i-HTML, kodwa futhi ne-PDF noma ezinye izinhlobo zamadokhumenti kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene.

Indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza ngala mafayela icacile impela: okokuqala, Dala idokhumenti ye-.md kumhleli ohambisanayoIfayela libe selivulwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Markdown, bese kukhiqizwa inguqulo ye-HTML. Okokugcina, le HTML ingabukwa kusiphequluli noma, uma kudingeka, iguqulwe ibe amafomethi afana ne-PDF noma afanayo kusetshenziswa uhlelo ngokwalo noma izinsizakalo ezengeziwe.

amafayela e-.md avame ukucatshangelwa amafayela onjiniyela noma amadokhumenti obuchwephesheLokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngoba kuvumela ukulandelela kalula izinguquko kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokulawula izinguqulo ezifana ne-Git. Njengoba kungumbhalo ocacile, kulula kakhulu ukuqhathanisa izinguqulo ezindala nezintsha zedokhumenti efanayo, into eyinkimbinkimbi noma engenakwenzeka ngamafayela e-binary (isibonelo, avela kuma-word processors avamile).

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kodumo lwabo "njengezinto zabahleli bezinhlelo," ama-MD empeleni awusizo kunoma ubani ofuna bhala imibhalo ehlelekile eshicilelwa kuwebhuEmpeleni, ungacabanga nge-Markdown njengefomethi obhala ngayo kanye ne-HTML njengefomethi oshicilela ngayo, exhunywe yiprosesa eguqula enye ibe yinye.

Qaphela isandiso se-.md kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamafayela

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isandiso I-.md ikhombisa uhlobo lwefayelaKodwa akuwona umqondo omuhle ukulishintsha ngesandla. Uma uqamba kabusha ifayela bese ususa isandiso se-.md, ulindele ukuthi liguqulwe ngokuyisimangaliso libe yifomethi ehlukile, okuzokwenzeka nje ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ngeke lusakwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo okufanele lusetshenziswe ukulivula.

Ku-Windows, isibonelo, izandiso zamafayela zisetshenziswa uhlelo ukuze... Hlanganisa uhlobo ngalunye lwefayela nohlelo lokusebenza oluthileUma uchofoza kabili kufayela le-.md, liqala uhlelo oluhlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo lwaleso sandiso. Uma leyo software ikhishwa noma ukucushwa kwayo konakele, yilapho uqala khona ukuthola imiyalezo yamaphutha uma uzama ukuyivula.

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi a ifayela le-.md liwumbhalo ocacile one-syntax ye-MarkdownIsiguquli noma iprosesa ekhethekile kuphela engashintsha ifomethi yefayela (isibonelo, kusukela ku-Markdown kuya ku-HTML, i-PDF, noma i-DOCX). Ukuyiqamba kabusha ibe yi-.txt, i-.html, noma i-.pdf akuyiguquli ibe yilawo mafomethi; izobe isalokhu iyidokhumenti yombhalo efanayo, uma nje kunesandiso esingalungile.

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuguqula ifayela le-MD libe olunye uhlobo lwefayela, kutuswa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo noma izinsizakalo ezenzelwe lokho kuguqulwaLokhu kuzocubungula i-syntax ye-Markdown futhi kukhiqize ifayela elisha ngefomethi eqondiwe, kugcinwe amathebula, izihloko, uhlu, kanye nezinye izakhi njengoba kuchaziwe kudokhumenti yokuqala.

Indlela yokuvula ifayela le-.md kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha

Enye yezinzuzo ezinhle zeMarkdown ukuthi amafayela e-.md amafayela afundeka kahle nganoma yimuphi umhleli wombhaloNoma kunjalo, ukuze uzisebenzise, ​​kuvamile ukuthembela ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziqaphela i-syntax futhi ezingabonisa ukubuka kuqala ngefomethi esetshenzisiwe.

Inqubo eyisisekelo yokuvula i-MD ihlala ifana kakhulu: nje chofoza kabili ifayela Futhi, uma uhlelo lunezinhlangano ezilungiselelwe kahle, luzovula ngohlelo oluxhunywe kuleso sandiso. Uma kungekho uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlobene, i-Windows, i-macOS, noma i-Linux izokucela ukuthi ukhethe olulodwa ohlwini lwezinhlelo ezifakiwe noma ukusesha olusha.

Uma kwenzeka usuvele unayo umhleli noma isibukeli sefayela I-Markdown uhlelo olungasebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayoUngashintsha ukuhlanganiswa ngesandla. Ngokuvamile, uchofoza kwesokudla kufayela, ukhethe okuthi "Vula ngolunye uhlelo lokusebenza," bese uhlola ibhokisi ukuze usebenzise njalo lolo hlelo kumafayela e-.md. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, yonke idokhumenti ye-MD izovuleka ngalelo thuluzi.

Uma ungafuni ukudlala ngokuhlanganisa amafayela, uhlala unenketho yokwenza kanjalo hudula bese uphonsa ifayela le-.md efasiteleni lokuhlela Ungasebenzisa indlela oyithandayo, noma usebenzise izinketho zemenyu zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze uyivule. Kunoma ikuphi, isihluthulelo ukuba nohlelo oluqaphela ifomethi futhi, uma kungenzeka, olunikeza ukugqamisa kwe-syntax kanye nokubuka kuqala.

Nakuba abantu abaningi basebenzisa lawa mafayela avela kubahleli abathuthukile, kukhona futhi Izixazululo ezilula kakhulu futhi zamahhala zokufunda noma ukwenza izinguquko ezisheshayoKusukela ku-Windows Notepad uqobo kuya ku- Izinhlelo zokusebenza Ngokukhethekile ku-Markdown, into ebalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanelana kahle nezidingo zakho: ukufunda okuyisisekelo, ukuhlela okujulile, noma ukuguqula kwamanye amafomethi.

Izinhlelo zokuvula amafayela e-.md ku-macOS

En Mac Asikho isidingo sokwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu: uhlelo luhlanganisa njengokujwayelekile I-Apple TextEdit, umhleli wamahhala futhi oguquguqukayo kakhulu Inamandla kakhulu kunalokho ebonakala ekuqaleni. Ngayo, ungavula, ufunde, futhi uhlele amafayela e-.md ngaphandle kwezinkinga, yize ukubuka kuqala kwayo kwe-Markdown kungakhangi kangako njengezinye izindlela.

I-TextEdit ihlanganiswe nezinguqulo zesimanje ze- i-macOS futhi incike kubuchwepheshe be-Apple's Advanced TypographyLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenze kokubili ngamadokhumenti ombhalo ocacile kanye... RTFI-RTFD ngisho namafomethi athile e-HTML. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekela ukufakwa kwekhodi kwezinhlamvu ezahlukene, ngakho akufanele ube nezinkinga ngezimpawu noma izinhlamvu ezikhethekile lapho uvula amafayela akho e-MD.

Nakuba kuvame ukubonwa njengencwajana elula, lolu hlelo luhlanganisa imisebenzi ephelele yokucubungula amagamaIkuvumela ukuthi ufake izithombe nokunye okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, ufomethe umbhalo, uphathe amathebula, futhi ulungise imininingwane yokubhala njengokuhlukanisa izinhlamvu. Konke lokhu kwenza kube, yize kungewona umhleli we-Markdown ozinikele, kube usizo kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngamadokhumenti kule fomethi.

Uma ufuna ukuya phambili, i-macOS inabahleli abathuthukile abadumile kakhulu phakathi kwabahleli bezinhlelo, njenge UmbhaloMateLo mhleli wombhalo wamahhala uhlukile kakhulu ku- Idizayini encane kakhulu ehlanganiswe nezici eziningi, ukwesekwa kwezilimi eziningi zokuhlela kanye nezinsiza ezenzelwe ukusheshisa ukusebenza ngekhodi kanye nemibhalo.

Phakathi kwezici ze-TextMate ezivelele kukhona ama-macro angasetshenziswa kabusha kanye neziqeshana zekhodiLezi zici zikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ufake amabhlogo wombhalo ngezinqamuleli ezilula kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube ithuluzi elifanele labo abahlela amafayela e-.md njalo, njengoba ukuziphatha komhleli kungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kuhambisane nomsebenzi womsebenzisi.

Ukuhlela okuthuthukisiwe kwamafayela e-.md ku-Windows naku-Linux

Ezweni lesofthiwe yamahhala, kukhona ithuluzi elidala elihlala linamandla amakhulu: Ama-GNU EmacsLo mhleli wombhalo ovulekile uyatholakala ku- I-Linux, i-Windows kanye ne-macOSFuthi nakuba kungase kubonakale kumangalisa ekuqaleni, kunikeza indawo yokusebenza ephelele kakhulu yokuphatha amafayela e-Markdown.

I-GNU Emacs akuyona nje umhleli olula: ibhekwa cishe njenge- indawo yokuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe enwetshiwe (i-IDE)Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise, usebenzise, ​​futhi uhlole izinhlelo ngqo kusuka ku-interface yayo, kanye nokwenza ngezifiso cishe zonke izici zokusebenza kwayo ngezandiso nezikripthi. Kulabo abasebenza nsuku zonke ngamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe kanye nekhodi, lokhu kubonisa ukukhushulwa okukhulu kokuguquguquka.

Ngokuphathelene neMarkdown, i-Emacs inayo izindlela ezithile eziqaphela i-syntax ye-.mdBanikeza ukugqamisa izakhi futhi benze kube lula ukuzulazula kwedokhumenti. Ngama-plugin afanele, ungathola ngisho nokubuka kuqala kwe-HTML, ukuguqulwa uye kwezinye izinhlobo, noma ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokulawula izinguqulo ezifana ne-Git.

Kuzinhlelo ze-Windows, uma ufuna okuthile okulula, ungasebenzisa futhi Abahleli bombhalo abalula abathuthukisa ulwazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Notepad yakudalaLezi zindlela ezihlukile zivame ukufaka ukugqamisa i-syntax, ukuphathwa kwamathebhu amaningi, kanye nezinye izinto ezincane ezenza ukuhlela amafayela amakhulu e-MD kujabulise kakhudlwana.

Kunoma ikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-Linux, Windows, noma i-macOS, isihluthulelo ukukhetha umhleli ophatha kahle umbhalo ocacile futhi ohlonipha ukufakwa kwekhodi kwezinhlamvuLokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma wabelana ngamafayela e-.md kumakhompyutha aphesheya noma phakathi kwamakhompyutha ahlukene. izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, ukugwema ukumangala ngezinhlamvu ezingavamile noma izimpawu ezihunyushwe kabi.

Vula amafayela e-.md nge-Notepad kanye nabanye abahleli abalula

Ku-Windows, inketho eyisisekelo kakhulu yokuvula ifayela le-MD yile Incwajana ye-MicrosoftIwumhleli olula kakhulu oza ufakwe kusengaphambili futhi okuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi ushintshe noma yiliphi ifayela lombhalo ocacile, kufaka phakathi lawo asebenzisa i-syntax ye-Markdown. Uma udinga isiqondiso esisebenzayo, ungabheka ukuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani. I-Markdown evela ku-Notepad.

I-Notepad yanele uma udinga kuphela bheka ngokushesha okuqukethwe noma wenze izinguquko ezincaneNgaphezu kwalokho, ingaphatha umbhalo ngefomethi ye-HTML eyisisekelo, ngakho kwezinye izimo ingaba wusizo ekuhleleni okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ungalindeli ukugqamisa kwe-syntax noma ukubuka kuqala kwefomethi ye-Markdown esetshenzisiwe.

Izinguqulo zesimanje zeWindows ziye zethula Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Notepad njengokusesha okuphelele kanye nemisebenzi yokufaka esikhundleniInikeza ukwesekwa kwamafomethi ahlukahlukene okufaka ikhodi kanye nesibonisi esisebenziseka kalula. Noma kunjalo, isalokhu iyithuluzi elenzelwe izinto ezibalulekile, okuyinto enhle uma ufuna nje ukufunda noma ukuhlela ifayela le-.md ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Njengendlela ethuthukisiwe kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem ye-Windows, kunezihleli ezisuselwe kwezinye ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ngqo i-Notepad. Abanye babo bagxile ekunikezeni Ukusebenza okusheshayo kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okuphansi kanye nezici ezengeziwe ezifana nokugqamisa i-syntax kwezilimi ezahlukene noma ukusekelwa kwamadokhumenti amaningi avuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Lezi zinhlobo zezicelo zivame ukufaka, izinketho ezifana nokufakwa kwe-indent okuzenzakalelayo, ukufanisa abakaki, noma ukuguqula amakhodi kanye nokuhlukana kwemigqaKonke lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukufunda nokuhlela amafayela e-MD ayinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma efaka izingcezu zekhodi noma amabhlogo wombhalo ahlelwe kahle.

Ababukeli be-inthanethi bangafunda amafayela e-.md ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini

Uma ungafuni ukufaka noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezengeziwe kukhompyutha yakho, ungasebenzisa vula amafayela e-.md ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli sakhoLezi zinsizakalo zithembele kuma-API namaseva efu anikeza idokhumenti futhi ayibonise kuwe ngokubukeka okufana kakhulu nalokho ebingaba nakho ekhasini lewebhu.

Abanye ababukeli be-inthanethi baklanyelwe ngqo ukuze ukwazi Vula futhi ufunde amadokhumenti e-MD kunoma iyiphi idivayisiIkhompyutha, ithebhulethi, noma idivayisi yeselula. Ngokuvamile kusebenza njengokulayisha ifayela kwiwebhusayithi, ulinde imizuzwana embalwa ukuthi licutshungulwe, bese ulibuka ngomklamo ocwebezelayo kanye nokuzulazula okubushelelezi phakathi kwamakhasi noma izingxenye.

Lezi zinhlobo zamathuluzi zivame ukufaka izinto ezengeziwe ezifana ne- Ibha yesithonjana ukuze ugxumele ngokushesha kwenye ingxenye yedokhumenti, injini yokusesha umbhalo yangaphakathi ukuthola amagama athile ngisho nethuba lokuguqula ifayela le-MD libe amanye amafomethi afana ne-PDF ngaphandle kwesidingo sesofthiwe eyengeziwe.

Eziningi zalezi zixazululo zisekelwe ku- Ama-API okubonisa amadokhumenti akwazi ukuphatha amafomethi ahlukene angaphezu kuka-170, kufaka phakathi iMarkdown. Ngenxa yengqalasizinda yamafu, idokhumenti ibukeka ifana kakhulu kunoma iyiphi ipulatifomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza noma idivayisi esetshenzisiwe ukuyifinyelela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinsizakalo zigcizelela kakhulu ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwamafayela alayishiweNgokuvamile, nguwe kuphela ongafinyelela idokhumenti ngesikhathi sokubuka. Ezimweni eziningi, uzoba nenketho yokuphrinta ifayela ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli sakho noma ukulanda inguqulo ye-PDF ecutshunguliwe ukuze kube lula ukulondoloza noma ukwabelana ngayo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokudala nokuhlela amafayela e-.md

Ngaphandle kwabahleli abajwayelekile, kukhona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezigxile kuphela ekusebenzeni neMarkdownLezi zinhlelo zikuvumela ukuthi udale, uvule, uguqule, futhi wabelane ngamafayela e-.md kalula. Ngokuvamile zinikeza isikhombikubona esisebenziseka kalula, esinephaneli yokuhlela kanye nokubuka kuqala eceleni ukuze ubone ngokushesha ukuthi umbhalo ofomethiwe uzobukeka kanjani.

Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zikuvumela Vula amafayela e-.md ngqo kusuka kuhlelo uqobo kanye ne-file explorerLokhu kusheshisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwamadokhumenti. Amaningi afaka namafayela esampula ukukusiza ufunde i-syntax ye-Markdown ngokushesha futhi uzijwayeze ngamathuba ayo okufometha.

Esigabeni sokuhlela, iningi linikeza amathuluzi okubuka Sebenzisa izitayela ezinjengokugqama, omalukeke, izihloko, noma uhlu ngaphandle kokuthayipha yonke i-syntax ngesandla. Ngale ndlela, ungagxila kokuqukethwe ngenkathi uhlelo lokusebenza lunakekela ukufaka kahle izimpawu ze-Markdown ezifanele.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthi bafake izici ze Yabelana ngokushesha, phinda, noma susa amafayela e-MD Kusukela ku-interface uqobo, ngaphandle kokuya kumphathi wefayela wesistimu. Indlela ivame ukuba yindlela elula, elula ukuyisebenzisa egxile kulabo abafuna nje indawo ewusizo yokubhala nokubuyekeza amadokhumenti ngale ndlela.

Ngamafuphi, uma usebenza njalo neMarkdown, lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizinikele zingaba ithuluzi lakho eliyinhloko, njengoba zihlangana Ukulula kokusebenzisa, ukwesekwa okuzinikele kwamafayela e-.md, kanye nezinketho zokuhlela amadokhumenti ezidlula lokho okunikezwa abahleli bombhalo abajwayelekile.

Ukuvula nokuphatha amafayela e-.md kulula kakhulu kunalokho okwakubonakala ekuqaleni: udinga nje ukuqonda ukuthi anjalo imibhalo yombhalo ocacile ene-syntax efundeka kalula bese ukhetha ithuluzi elifanelana kahle nezidingo zakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhleli wesistimu wendabuko, uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe, isibukeli esiku-inthanethi, noma uhlelo lokusebenza olugxile ku-Markdown.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Qedela umhlahlandlela wokusebenzisa ukufometha kwe-Markdown ku-Windows Notepad

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.