Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi ifayela elilandiwe liphephile yini ngaphambi kokulivula?

Namuhla, Ukulanda amafayela ku-inthanethi kuwuhlelo losuku Futhi kuya ngokuya kuvame ukwamukela amadokhumenti ngeposi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo, noma ngezixhumanisi zamawebhusayithi noma izinkundla zokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kulunga nakho kunobubi bakho: ubungozi bokuhlangabezana namafayela anonya angonakalisa ukuphepha kwamadivayisi ethu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, idatha yethu yomuntu siqu noma yomsebenzi.

Yingakho kunganele ukuvele wamukele noma ulande ifayela bese ulivula. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uwahlaziya kanjani lawa mafayela ngaphambi kokuwaqalisa noma ukwabelana ngawo., njengoba ukuchofoza okulula kunganikeza ukufinyelela kumagciwane, i-ransomware noma i-Trojans. Uma uke wazibuza Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi ifayela elilandiwe liphephile yini ngaphambi kokulivulaLapha unesiqondiso esiphelele, esisesikhathini samanje, nesisebenzayo, esinezindlela ezifakazelwe nezisebenziseka kalula.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqala: Okufanele Ukubheke Ngaphambi Kokuvula Ifayela

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuhlaziya ifayela usebenzisa amathuluzi aku-inthanethi noma i-antivirus, kufanelekile ukunaka imininingwane eminingana ebalulekile okungasinika imikhondo mayelana nokuba semthethweni nokuvikeleka kwedokhumenti etholiwe noma elandiwe.

• Hlola umthumeli wefayela: Uyamazi umuntu noma inkampani ekuthumelele yona? Uma uthola nge-imeyili, hlola ikheli lomthumeli. Ukuzenza ongeyena noma amakheli asolisayo avamise ukuba yifulegi elibomvu.
• Hlaziya udaba nomongo: Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukusebenzisa izihloko ezithusayo noma ezilingayo, njengezaziso zemiklomelo, ukulethwa kwamaphakheji okungalindelekile, noma izinkinga eziphuthumayo ze-akhawunti yasebhange. Uma umlayezo uzama ukukucindezela ukuthi uvule ifayela ngokushesha, sola.
• Hlola igama lefayela nesandiso: Amafayela anonya avame ukufihlwa ngamagama ajwayelekile nezithonjana, kodwa isandiso singawanikeza (isibonelo, idokhumenti ebizwa ngokuthi “invoice.pdf.exe” empeleni ayilona ifayela eliyingozi). PDF kodwa okusebenzisekayo, okungenzeka kube yingozi).
• Bheka amagama nokuqukethwe komlayezo: Imilayezo yomgunyathi ivamise ukuqukatha amaphutha esipelingi, ukuhumusha okuzenzakalelayo, noma iphimbo elingajwayelekile ukuze likuphoqe ukuthi uvule ifayela.

Ngokunaka nje le mininingwane, ungagwema inani elikhulu lezinkinga zokuphepha, njengoba izinsongo eziningi zingatholwa ngomqondo ojwayelekile nokunaka imininingwane.

Amathuluzi namasevisi aku-inthanethi okuhlaziya amafayela asolisayo

Uma ngemva kokubuyekeza umongo, unokungabaza mayelana nokuphepha kwefayela, Kunezinsiza eziningi zamahhala eziku-inthanethi ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye amadokhumenti, izithombe, okusebenzisekayo noma izixhumanisi. ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini kukhompyutha yakho. Asebenza ngokulayisha ifayela noma ngokunamathisela isixhumanisi esisolisayo, futhi phakathi nemizuzwana noma imizuzu, uzoba nombiko onemininingwane okhiqizwe ezinjinini eziningi zokuvikela amagciwane. Nazi ezithembeke kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswayo:

• I-VirusTotal: Enye edume kakhulu futhi enamandla. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye womabili amafayela nezixhumanisi, uzihlole ngokumelene nezinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ezihlukene zama-antivirus ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ilungele womabili amafayela alandiwe kanye nokuhlaziya izixhumanisi ngaphambi kokulanda.
• I-VirSCAN: Ifana kakhulu ne-VirusTotal, nakuba ikuvumela kuphela ukuthi uhlaziye amafayela alayishwe ekhompyutheni yakho (hhayi izixhumanisi). Igqama ngemininingwane yayo ebanzi (amagciwane, iTrojan, i-spyware, njll.), futhi ilusizo ikakhulukazi uma usuvele ulilandile ifayela futhi ufuna ukuqiniseka ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa.
• I-Kaspersky VirusDesk: Inketho ye-inthanethi ye-Kaspersky yamahhala, eklanyelwe ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwamafayela afika ku-50 MB. Isebenzisa isizindalwazi sikaKaspersky, ilungele umbono wesibili.
• I-Internxt Virus Scanner: Iqondiswe ekululameni, ukusebenzelana kwayo kunembile kakhulu futhi ivumela ukuhlaziya okusheshayo nokuqondile, okuphelele kubasebenzisi abangafuni izinkinga.
• Isihloli Sefayela se-NordVPN: Ihlanganisa izinjini eziningi zokuthola ulwazi ukuze inikeze ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamafayela akho. Iyashesha futhi iqondiswe kubo bobabili abantu kanye namabhizinisi.

Lawa masevisi aku-inthanethi Zilungele ukuhlaziya okukodwa futhi azidingi ukuthi ufake noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezengeziwe., ngakho-ke aziphazamisi ukuphepha noma ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho. Futhi, ngokuvamile zimahhala noma zinezinguqulo zamahhala eziphelele ngokwanele kubasebenzisi abaningi.

Ngabe kusebenza kanjani ifayela eliku-inthanethi nokuhlaziywa kwesixhumanisi?

Inqubo yokuhlaziya noma yiliphi ifayela ilula futhi iyashesha:

1. Khetha ifayela noma ukopishe isixhumanisi esisolisayo (isibonelo, okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili noma isixhumanisi sokulanda).
2. Finyelela kuwebhusayithi yesevisi eku-inthanethi (VirusTotal, VirSCAN, njll.).
3. Layisha ifayela noma unamathisele isixhumanisi esigabeni esibonisiwe.
4. Linda kuze kuqedwe ukuskena, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamasekhondi noma amaminithi kuye ngosayizi wefayela nomthwalo wesevisi.
5. Funda umbiko okhiqiziwe ngokucophelela. Uma noma iyiphi injini ye-antivirus ihlaba umkhosi ifayela/isixhumanisi njengesiyingozi, ungayisebenzisi noma uyilande!

Ukuskena ku-inthanethi ngalawa masevisi kulingana nokuhlaziya ifayela elinenqwaba yezinhlelo ezihlukene zokulwa namagciwane ngesikhathi esisodwa., okwandisa amathuba okuthola noma yikuphi ukusongela, ngisho nakamuva kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ubuhle nokubi kwezikena ze-inthanethi ngokumelene ne-antivirus evamile

Ukusebenzisa izikena eziku-inthanethi ukuze uhlaziye amafayela kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo.:

• Abazidli izinsiza zesistimu, njengoba ukuhlaziya kwenziwa efwini.
• Awudingi ukufaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe, okugwema ukungqubuzana okungenzeka phakathi kwezinhlelo.
• Ayashesha kakhulu futhi anikeza imiphumela enemininingwane ngemizuzu noma imizuzwana.
• Ilungele ukuhlaziywa okungavamile futhi kulabo abangafuni ukuba ne-antivirus ehlala ngemuva.
• Iningi likhululekile futhi ungadingi ukubhaliswa.

Yebo, Abafaki esikhundleni sokuvikela unomphela kwe-antivirus enhle efakiwe, ikakhulukazi uma uthola noma ulanda amafayela njalo, upheqa amasayithi angekho emthethweni, noma usebenzisa amakhompyutha abelwe wona. Kuyatuswa ukuwahlanganisa: sebenzisa i-antivirus ebuyekeziwe futhi usebenzise izikena eziku-inthanethi ukuze uhlole amafayela asolisayo noma angabazekayo.

Ukubaluleka kokufakwa nokuvuselelwa kwe-antivirus

Ukuba nesivikeli magciwane sekhwalithi kukhompyutha yakho kuhlala kungenye yezithiyo ezisebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinsongo zamanje.. Izinhlelo zesimanje zokulwa namagciwane aziskeneli amafayela kuphela lapho elandiwe, kodwa futhi nangesikhathi sangempela, zivimbela izinhlelo eziyingozi ekusebenzeni noma izixhumanisi ezinonya ukuthi zingavulwa.

Futhi, Izinhlelo eziningi zokulwa namagciwane zikuvumela ukuthi uskene amafayela ngokuchofoza kwesokudla nje. kudokhumenti esolisayo, ukhetha inketho ethi “Skena nge...” kanye negama le-antivirus. Ngale ndlela ungabuyekeza noma yiliphi ifayela ngaphambi kokulivula, ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.

Buyekeza kokubili isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus kanye nesistimu yokusebenza Kubalulekile ukuvikela ezingozini zakamuva, njengoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa amaphutha noma izikhala zokuphepha kumasistimu amadala ukuze zingene kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

Ukuphepha Kwe-imeyili: Ungakubona Kanjani Okunamathiselwe Okuyingozi

I-imeyili iyaqhubeka nokuba ngesinye seziteshi ezidume kakhulu zokuhlaselwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Gmail anezinhlelo zokuhlaziya nezihlungi ezivimba okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili okuyingozi kakhulu., ixwayisa umsebenzisi uma ethola noma yini esolisayo noma evimba ngokuqondile ukuthunyelwa kwamafayela angenwe yileli gciwane.

Noma kunjalo, Kutuswa ukuthi usole noma yikuphi okunamathiselwe okutholwe kubathumeli abangaziwa, noma ngisho nalabo abaziwayo uma umlayezo uxakile noma ungalindelekile., njengoba ngezinye izikhathi abathintwayo ngokwabo kungenzeka babe izisulu zokuzenza ongeyena noma ukugetshengwa.

Naka izici ezifana nalezi:

• Izinto ezivusa amadlingozi noma ezethusayo (imiklomelo, izimo eziphuthumayo zasebhange, njll.).
• Amafayela acindezelwe ngamafomethi angajwayelekile noma ngezandiso ezimbili.
• Izicelo zesenzo esisheshayo (vula, landa, faka idatha).
• Izixhumanisi ezisolisayo ezingahambisani nebhizinisi elithumelayo.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha ngezithombe, ama-PDF namanye amadokhumenti ajwayelekile

Namuhla, akuwona amafayela asebenzisekayo kuphela angaba yingozi.; Amadokhumenti e-PDF, izithombe, noma amaspredishithi angase futhi aqukathe ikhodi enonya, izixhumanisi ze-honeypot, noma izenzo eziklanyelwe ukuthelela ikhompuyutha yakho lapho zivulwa.

Izincomo ezibalulekile:

• Ungawavuli amafayela alandwe kumasayithi noma abathumeli abangabazayo. Hlala ubeke phambili i- i-ascargas izikhulu.
• Hlola isandiso sangempela sefayela; Unganciki esifanekisweni noma egameni kuphela, nika amandla ukuboniswa kwezandiso kusistimu yakho.
• Sebenzisa izibukeli eziku-inthanethi noma ezikusiphequluli ukuze ubuyekeze amadokhumenti ngaphandle kokuwasebenzisa kukhompuyutha yakho, isibonelo, ukuvula i-PDF kusibukeli samafu ukuze unciphise ubungozi.
• Gcina isofthiwe oyisebenzisayo ukuvula amafayela isesikhathini samanje. Izinguqulo ezindala zinobungozi obusebenzisekayo.

Uma udinga ukuvula ifayela elinomsuka ongabazisayo, kwenze lokho endaweni evikelekile njengomshini obonakalayo noma usebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza yesikhashana. Ngale ndlela, uma ifayela linonya, ngeke lithinte isistimu yakho eyinhloko.

Iqhaza lezixhumanisi ezisolisayo: zihlaziye ngaphambi kokuzilanda

Ukuhlasela okuningi kwenziwa ngezixhumanisi ezisatshalaliswa nge-imeyili, i-SMS, noma imiyalezo esheshayo, kulingisa izaziso zokulethwa, imiklomelo, noma ama-invoyisi. Lezi zixhumanisi zingakuyisa emakhasini omgunyathi (wobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi) noma zicuphe ukulandwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-malware..

Ngaphambi kokuchofoza isixhumanisi esingaziwa:

• Kopisha futhi uhlaziye isixhumanisi ezinsizeni ezifana ne-VirusTotal ukuthola ukuthi ihlotshaniswa yini nokuhlasela okwaziwayo.
• Hlola ukuthi i-URL ibukeka isemthethweni yini; Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zivame ukusebenzisa izizinda ezifana nezangempela, ezinezinguquko ezincane.

Ezinye iziphequluli zikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ngokuzenzakalelayo izixhumanisi usebenzisa amathuluzi okusesha nokuqinisekisa ama-URL asolisayo, ingeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuvakashela amasayithi angaziwa.

Amathiphu athuthukile okuqinisa ukuphepha kwamabhizinisi nabasebenzisi abakhethekile

Ezimweni ezisebenzayo noma ezinedatha ebucayi, ukuvikeleka kufanele kuqiniswe ngokwengeziwe. Ezinye izincomo yilezi:

• Sebenzisa izixazululo zokuphepha zamafu, njenge I-Microsoft 365, enikeza ukuhlaziya okuzenzakalelayo nokuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela okuthuthukisiwe.
• Qeqesha abasebenzi nabahlanganyeli ekuhlonzeni izinsongo nasekuphatheni ngendlela efanele amafayela nama-imeyili.
• Sebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokubuyekeza eziyisibopho kumasistimu nesofthiwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungawabheka Kanjani Futhi Uwalungise Amafayela Esistimu ku-Windows nge-DISM ne-SFC

Okufanele ukwenze uma ifayela lisolisa noma litholakala li-positive

Uma uthola usongo noma unokungabaza, akufanele uvule noma usebenzise ifayela. Kunconywa ukuthi uyisuse, uchithe udoti, futhi uma kufanele, wazise umthumeli noma ithimba le-IT endaweni yebhizinisi. Inketho engcono kakhulu iwukuba uqaphe futhi wenze ngokucophelela ukugwema ukulimala okwengeziwe.

Umqondo ojwayelekile nokuvimbela njengezinsika zokuphepha kwedijithali

Izehlakalo eziningi zingagwenywa ngezinqubo ezilula:

• Hlala ubuyekeza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nezinhlelo ukulungisa ubuthakathaka.
• Landa amafayela kuphela kumasayithi asemthethweni.
• Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi unike amandla ukuqinisekiswa okuzinyathelo ezimbili.
• Qaphela izinhlinzeko ezingalindelekile noma imiklomelo; Uma kubonakala kukuhle kakhulu, mhlawumbe kunjalo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-WinDbg ukuhlaziya amafayela wokulahla nokuxazulula amaphutha e-BSOD

Uma unokusola okuncane mayelana nefayela, kungcono ukuhlola ngaphambi kokulivula. Inhlanganisela yokunaka, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi, nohlelo olusha lokuvikela amagciwane kuyisu eliqinile lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho kanye nobuqotho bedatha yakho namadivayisi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imikhawulo ye-NTFS: Ukumba Ubude Bendlela, Amagama Efayela, Amandla, Nezahluko

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.