I-DDNS: Kuyini, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinhlobo, izinzuzo, nokuphepha

Lapho uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi lushintsha ikheli le-IP ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, finyelela ikhompuyutha eyirimothi kungaba ubuhlungu bangempela; yilapho-ke DNS Dynamic. Nge-DDNS, igama lomethuleli lihlala likhomba indawo okuyiyo ngisho noma i-IP yakhona idansa, futhi lokho kuhumushela kokuthi ukufinyelela okuzinzile kumasevisi, amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokujaha izinombolo.

Umbono ulula kodwa unamandla: xhuma isizinda ku-IP engahluka ngayo el tiempo, futhi ubuyekeze ngokuzenzakalelayo lobo budlelwano ngokushesha nje lapho bushintsha. Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo ezindaweni zasekhaya nezamabhizinisi lapho kusetshenziswa i-DHCP, ekusetshenzisweni kwamafu, kanye nama-SMB adinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile okukude; uma irekhodi le-DNS liphelelwa yisikhathi, Amaphutha avela lapho ufinyelela ama-API, amaseva noma amadeskithophu akude, futhi isipiliyoni siphukile.

Iyini i-DNS Dynamic (DDNS)

I-DDNS imele i-DNS Dynamic noma i-Dynamic Domain Name System. NgeSpanishi, sikhuluma I-DNS enamandla noma i-Dynamic Domain Name SystemUzobona negama elithi DynDNS elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa embonweni ofanayo. Akusona isici esiza sinikwe amandla kukhompuyutha yakho sisuka efekthri: yisevisi oyibhalisela futhi uyilungiselele kukhompyutha yakho. router noma kudivayisi/iklayenti ukugcina igama lomethuleli lixazulula i-IP yalo yamanje.

Empeleni, ubhalisa isizinda esingaphansi kwesinye noma isizinda nge- Umhlinzeki we-DDNS bese uyihlobanisa nokuxhumana kwakho. Kusukela lapho, uma ufuna ukungena ngaphandle, ngeke kudingeke ukhumbule izinombolo: vele uthayiphe lelo gama. Noma i-IP yakho inamandla futhi ishintsha, isevisi ithola ukuhluka futhi ibuyekeze irekhodi le-DNS ukuze isizinda siqhubeke nokukhomba ngendlela efanele.

Lesi sendlalelo siwusizo ikakhulukazi konjiniyela nabalawuli abahlela noma abalungisa izindawo zokufinyelela ngegama lomethuleli. Uma i-IP eyisisekelo ishintsha futhi i-DNS ingabuyekeziwe, amaklayenti ayahluleka ukuxhuma. I-DDNS ivimbela lesi simo ngoba igcina amagama namakheli evunyelanisiwe ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla njalo.

I-DDNS iqhudelana ne-DNS “yakudala”

I-DNS isistimu ehumusha amagama afana ne-example.com ekhelini le-IP leseva. Idivayisi yakho ivamise ukusebenzisa i-DNS yenkampani yenethiwekhi, nakuba ungasebenzisa izixazululi zezinkampani zangaphandle ukuthuthukisa ubumfihlo nokusebenza. Nokho, i-DNS eyisisekelo ayibuyekezi amarekhodi iyodwa uma ingqalasizinda ishintsha; ngumnikazi okufanele athinte amarekhodi lapho enza izinguquko, into eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. I-DDNS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifana ne-a Isandiso se-DNS esenza izibuyekezo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ithola izinguquko ze-IP futhi ibonise kulogi ukuze amakhasimende ahlale ebona ulwazi olusha.

Ngamafuphi, i-DNS yendabuko iyaxazulula, futhi i-DDNS iyaxazulula futhi ibuyekeze. Uma isizinda sakho sithola i-IP entsha nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ngaphandle kwe-DDNS kuzodingeka uguqule amarekhodi ngesandla; nge-DDNS, inqubo ihlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni ezitholwe umenzeli noma umhlinzeki.

Kungani amakheli e-IP eshintsha nokuthi kungani i-DDNS idingeka

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-inthanethi, amakheli e-IP ngokuvamile ayemile, anikezwa mathupha, futhi ayengavamile ukushintshwa. Ngokukhula kwenethiwekhi kanye nokufika okukhulu kwamaseva, izinzwa, namadivayisi angabasebenzisi bokugcina, amakheli e-IPv4 abe yindlala; nakuba i-IPv6 inweba kakhulu isikhala sekheli, ezimweni eziningi zokufinyelela isabiza kakhulu futhi iguquguquka ukuze kwabiwe amakheli e-IP ashukumisayo. Ngakho-ke, amanethiwekhi amaningi asebenzisa DHCP "ukuqasha" amakheli kumakhasimende isikhathi esithile.

I-DHCP isebenza ngokuqashisa: iqoqo lamakheli e-IP asakazwa phakathi kwamakhompyutha, futhi ukuqasha ngakunye kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva kwesikhathi esichazwe ngaphambilini. Lapho umshini uxhuma, ucela ikheli; uma inqamuka noma ukuphelelwa kwayo kuphelelwa yisikhathi, ikheli le-IP libuyela echibini futhi lingaphinda linikezwe enye idivayisi. Lo mjikelezo wenza i Ama-IP ashintsha njalo futhi ngaphandle kwephethini engashintshi, ikakhulukazi ekuxhumekeni kwezindawo zokuhlala noma kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani anokujikeleza okuphezulu.

Inkinga ivela uma kufanele ufinyelele kuleyo khompyutha ungaphandle: uma i-IP ishintsha, iklayenti elikude liyayeka ukufinyelela. Onjiniyela abakhodi izingcingo ezinsizeni ngegama lomethuleli bancike kumarekhodi e-DNS akhomba ku-IP elungile; uma zingabuyekeziwe, Amaphutha okuxhumana nokuphela kwesikhathi kuyavelaKulo mongo, i-DDNS ifaneleka ngokuphelele ukugcina isithenjwa sizinzile futhi sigweme ukubuyekeza ushintsho ngalunye mathupha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokufinyelela okukude kanye nezinsiza zasekhaya (i-NAS, amakhamera, amaseva wegeyimu) ahlala ngemuva kwamarutha axoxisana ne-IP yawo yomphakathi ne-ISP. Kulezi zindawo, irutha ngokwayo noma i-ejenti ezinikele ingaxhumana ne-IP yomphakathi yamanje kumhlinzeki we-DDNS; ke, uma i-IP ivuselelwa, umhlinzeki ubhala kabusha irekhodi elihambisanayo ukuze igama lomethuleli liqhubeke nokusebenza sengathi akwenzekanga lutho.

Indima ye-IPv6 kanye nezindleko zama-IP amile

I-IPv6 yethulwa ukuze iphindaphinde inombolo yamakheli atholakalayo, kodwa ngisho nasezindaweni ezine-IPv6 esebenzayo, izinhlangano eziningi nabasebenzisi bagcina ukuthunyelwa okuxubile noma baqhubeke nokuphatha amabhulokhi aguqukayo ngezindleko nokuba lula. Ukunikeza ama-IP amile kuyo yonke into kuyabiza futhi akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi; yingakho inhlanganisela ye-DHCP + DNS + DDNS ibhalansi izindleko, ukuguquguquka nokuqhubeka kwesevisi ezimweni eziningi.

Ukusebenza, izinhlobo, izinzuzo kanye nokuphepha kwe-DDNS

Ukusebenza kuqondile: ubhalisa nomhlinzeki we-DDNS (kokubili mahhala futhi kuyakhokhelwa), khetha noma udale igama lomethuleli, futhi ulungiselele iklayenti elikwazisayo ngezinguquko. Leli klayenti kungaba irutha ngokwayo, isevisi kuseva, noma i-ejenti efakwe kukhompuyutha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-ejenti ibuza ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi noma ilalele izinguquko kunethiwekhi, futhi uma ithola izinguquko ezintsha, ithumela isibuyekezo kusevisi ye-DDNS ukuze ibhale kabusha amarekhodi e-DNS ahilelekile.

Abanye abahlinzeki bazihlola ngokwabo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ikheli le-IP elinikeziwe lihlala livumelekile. Kwezinye izikimu, baze bahlole phakathi namafasitela wamahora angu-24 ukuze babone ukuthi ikheli lishintshile yini; lapho kukhona ukungafani, umhlinzeki sabalalisa i-IP entsha kurekhodi lomsingathi wakho ngokuzenzakalelayo. Umphumela uba ukuthi isizinda owabelwe sona siyaqhubeka nokuxazulula endaweni efanele naphezu koshintsho lomsebenzisi.

Ngilihlanganisa kanjani iklayenti le-DDNS?

Ngokuvamile, i-router inokusekelwa kwe-DDNS futhi inakekela yonke into: ithola i-IP yomphakathi ye-WAN, futhi lapho ilungisa isixhumanisi noma ivuselela imvume yayo nge-ISP, ishayela i-API yomhlinzeki we-DDNS nemininingwane emisiwe. Kungenjalo, ungaphakela isevisi encane kuseva yendawo eshicilela i-IP yayo ku-DDNS uma umzila wakho ungawusekeli umthetho olandelwayo.

Ngokombono weklayenti elibuzayo, ukuzizwisa akunazihibe: ubheka i-DNS yegama elinikeziwe futhi uthole ikheli le-IP elibuyekeziwe. Ukuze kwenziwe uhlelo lusebenze kahle, ama-TTL aphansi ngokunengqondo (izikhathi zokuphila) ahlanganiswe nendlela yokuvuselela evikelekile; ngakho-ke, izixazululi zigcina inqolobane ngokwanele futhi ama-IP amasha asakazwa ngesikhathi lapho kukhona ushintsho.

Izinhlobo ze-DDNS: ezijwayelekile kanye nokuphathelene

Kunemindeni emibili emikhulu yokuqaliswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kune-DDNS "esekelwe ezimisweni", echazwe ku-RFC 2136, enweba iphrothokholi ye-DNS ukuze ivumele izibuyekezo eziguquguqukayo. Ivamise ukuhlanganiswa eduze ne-DHCP ukuze kuthi lapho umsingathi ethola noma evuselela isivumelwano sokuqashisa, bhalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ubuyekeze igama lakho ku-DNS egunyaziwe. Lesi yisixazululo esijwayelekile kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlelo zobunikazi. Lezi azinciki ngokuqondile ku-RFC 2136, kodwa esikhundleni salokho zisebenzisa ama-HTTP(ama) API noma izivumelwano eziqondene nomthengisi. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa ikholi eqinisekisiwe (igama lomsebenzisi, ithokheni, noma ukhiye) ukuze babhalise ikheli le-IP lamanje ngaphansi komsingathi othile; lezi yizo ozozibona ezinsizeni zezentengiso nezasekhaya, ezinamadeshibhodi alula namakhasimende amarutha noma amadivayisi. Kuzo zombili izimo, inhloso iyafana: gcina igama→ukwenza imephu kusesikhathini samanje ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.

I-DDNS vs. DNS: Umehluko Obalulekile Ekusebenzeni

Ngokombono womsebenzisi oxazulula igama, i-DDNS ne-DNS ziphendula ngokufanayo: ubuza umsingathi bese uthola ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi. Umehluko ungemuva kwezigcawu. Nge-DNS "emile", umlawuli ulungisa amarekhodi ngezikhathi ezithile lapho izinsiza zihanjiswa noma ingqalasizinda ishintsha, into okungafanele yenzeke nsuku zonke. Nge-DDNS, i Ukubuyekezwa kwamarekhodi avamile futhi kuyazenzakalela, kulandela ukusonteka nokujika kwe-IP engaphansi njengoba kuyalelwe umhlinzeki noma i-ejenti.

Omunye umehluko osebenzayo isendlalelo sokuhlanganisa: I-DDNS ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amakhasimende, ama-API, nezindlela zokuqinisekisa zamadivayisi enethiwekhi, amaseva, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubika izinguquko. Ukwengeza, abahlinzeki be-DDNS bavame ukunikeza izinhlelo zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo ezinemikhawulo yokusingatha, imvamisa yokubuyekeza, noma ukugadwa. Ku-DNS ejwayelekile, wena Uphatha amarekhodi ngesandla noma ngengqalasizinda yakho, ngaphandle kwaleyo “intelligence” yokulandela i-IP.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-DDNS

• Ukwesekwa kwe-DHCP okungenabuhlungu: Kumanethiwekhi lapho amakheli e-IP ashintsha khona ngedizayini, i-DDNS ivimbela ukubhaliswa kusukela kudala futhi ivumela amagama namasevisi ukuthi kuhlale kufinyeleleka.
• ukutholakala okuphezulu: Ungafinyelela amasistimu namasevisi ngamagama esikhundleni sokujaha amakheli ashintsha njalo, okwenza ukufinyelela kude nokuphatha kwansuku zonke kube lula.
• Vumela uhlu ngamagamaUma ikheli le-IP lekhompyutha yeklayenti lishintsha, ukuphatha uhlu lwabavunyelwe ngekheli akwenzeki; nge-DDNS, ungasebenzisa amagama osokhaya amakheli abo e-IP abuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Okuzenzakalelayo kanye nengozi encane: Ukuhlela ngokwenza amarekhodi e-DNS kuhamba kancane futhi kunephutha; nge-DDNS, izinguquko zilandela ukugeleza okuzenzakalelayo, ukukhulula isikhathi nokunciphisa amaphutha okumisa.
• Izindawo zamafuIzinsiza eziningi zamafu zishintsha amakheli e-IP ngaphandle uma zibeka elomphakathi; I-DDNS isiza ukugcina ukumepha okunembile kwegama kuya ku-IP nanoma indawo engemuva izungeza.
• Ukonga izindlekoEsikhundleni sokuqasha ama-IP amile kuyo yonke into, ungasebenza nanamandla kanye ne-DDNS emiswe kahle, unciphise ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi wenze lula ukuthunyelwa.

Amacala okusetshenziswa okuvamile

Kusukela ku-NAS yasekhaya kuya kuseva yokuhlola noma ikhamera ye-IP, noma iyiphi insiza edinga ukufinyeleleka ngezinzuzo zangaphandle kusuka egameni elizinzile. Kuma-SMB, kuvamile ukusebenzisa i-DDNS ukuhlonza isango le-perimeter noma i-firewall, ukuze ukuphathwa okukude akuncikile ku-IP yomphakathiEzinye izixazululo zokuphepha zebhizinisi elincane zifaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwe-DDNS yomdabu ukuze kunikezwe igama eligxilile esangweni, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngisho noma ikheli le-IP langaphandle lishintsha.

Ekuthuthukisweni nasekusebenzeni, amaqembu amaningi ancamela ukubhekisela kuma-API angaphakathi namaphoyinti okugcina ngamagama abasingathi. Nge-DDNS, uma isibonelo siqalwa kabusha noma sabelwe kabusha ku-IP entsha yangaphakathi/yangaphandle, ukuhlanganiswa akuphulwa ngoba amarekhodi avumelaniswa ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezenziwa ngesandla.

Ukucatshangelwa kwezingozi nokuphepha

I-DDNS ingaphinde isetshenziswe abadlali abanonya. Njengoba igama→ubudlelwano be-IP buthambile, abanye I-malware futhi imikhankaso yokuyala nokulawula izoncamela ukukhomba amagama abasingathi esikhundleni samakheli angashintshi. Uma isizinda esisetshenziswa umhlaseli sincike ku-DDNS, kuba lula Zungezisa ama-IP ukuze udlule amabhulokhi asekelwe ohlwini kusuka kumakheli aziwayo, ukuthola kunzima.

Enye i-vector ukudunwa kwendlela yokuvuselela. Uma isitha sifaka engozini umenzeli noma izifakazelo zesevisi, angaqondisa kabusha igama elisemthethweni ekhelini le-IP elilawulwa yibona. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye namakhasi alingisa amasevisi ezinkampani. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuqalisa izilawuli zokufinyelela, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku mayelana namaklayenti noma amarutha abuyekeza i-DDNS.

Izivikelo zesimanje ze-DNS zifaka ubuhlakani obusongelayo obukhomba izizinda ezinonya namaphethini amangalisayo. Bahlobanisa izinqumo ezizindeni ezihlatshwe umkhosi, bavikele isiteshi se-DNS, futhi baqinisekise ubuqotho bezimpendulo. kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlukumeza ehambisana ne-DDNS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kanye nomgomo welungelo elincane kunciphisa umthelela uma igama liqondiswa kabusha.

Imikhuba emihle lapho usebenzisa i-DDNS

Qala ngokukhetha umphakeli onokwethenjelwa bese unquma ukuthi ukhetha a ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile (RFC 2136) noma isevisi yokuphathelene nge-HTTP API. Ngokusetshenziswa kwekhaya ne-SMB, izinhlelo zezentengiso ngokuvamile zanele; ezindaweni zezinkampani, ukuhlanganisa i-DHCP nezibuyekezo eziguquguqukayo ezijwayelekile inketho ehlanzekile kunazo zonke.

Lungiselela iklayenti kumzila noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka: yiphuzu elibona ngokuqondile i-IP yomphakathi, ngakho izosabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni. Uma kungenjalo, faka i-ejenti kudivayisi ehlala ivuliwe futhi ihlola futhi ibike i-IP. Lungisa i-TTL futhi ubuyekeze imvamisa ukuze ubhalansise ukugcinwa kwesikhashana kanye nokusha; Iphezulu kakhulu i-TTL yokubambezeleka kokusabalalisa, futhi leyo ephansi kakhulu ingaphindaphinda imibuzo engadingekile.

Vikela isiteshi: Sebenzisa ukuxhumana okubethelwe kumnikezeli we-DDNS kanye nemininingwane yesitolo ku- hardware ngendlela evikelekile. Inika amandla izingodo kanye nezixwayiso zemicimbi yokuvuselela engajwayelekile. Uma udalula amasevisi, qinisa indawo: Sebenzisa ukufakazela ubuqiniso obuqinile, izinhla zokuvumela ngegama lomethuleli uma ufaka isicelo futhi uqapha ithrafikhi.

I-DDNS yamahhala nekhokhelwayo

Kunezinketho zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo emakethe. Ezimahhala zingakhawulela izizinda, zibuyekeze imvamisa, noma ama-SLA; abakhokhelwayo bangeza ukwesekwa, ama-API acebile, iziqinisekiso zokuqapha kanye nokutholakalaHlola ukusebenzisa kwakho: Ekhamera yasekhaya, icebo lamahhala lingase lanele; ngokukhiqiza, cishe uzofuna ukwesekwa okucacile nezinkontileka.

Ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi okuphepha

Ukuqapha indiza ye-DNS manje sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yamasu okuphepha ezinhlangano eziningi. Izinkundla zesimanje zokuzingela izinsongo kanye nama-SOC ahlobanisa izizinda ezinonya, imikhankaso esebenzayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-DDNS ngabadlali abasabisayo ukuze bathole ukuziphatha okugwemayo. Ngokufanayo, izixazululo zokuphepha zama-SMB zifaka ukwesekwa kwe-DDNS ukuze kudalule amasango azo ngendlela elawulwayo enegama elizinzile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi angakwazi ukuveza ngempumelelo amasango awo ngegama elizinzile. lula ukufinyelela okukude okusemthethweni noma ngabe i-WAN IP ishintsha.

Emabhizinisini amancane, ukuba ne-firewall esekela i-DDNS ukuqamba isango kwenza ukuphatha kube lula kakhulu: akudingekile ukuthi uxoshe ikheli le-IP kukho konke ukungenelela okukude. Leli gama "elilungisiwe" livumela ochwepheshe namathuluzi ukuthi baxhume ngokuphephile futhi izinqubomgomo zigxilwe kusihlonzi esizinzile, ngenkathi isevisi unesibopho sokulungisa i-IP ngemuva.

Isiza kanjani i-DDNS emafini

Kubahlinzeki bamafu, uma ungasethi amakheli e-IP omphakathi aqhubekayo, izinsiza zingazungezisa amakheli ukuze alungiswe noma abuyekezwe. Nakuba izindawo eziningi zibhekana nalokhu ngezilinganisi zomthwalo noma okubhaliswa okuphethwe ngamafu, i-DDNS isasebenziseka kuzimo ezixubile nezelebhu ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine amagama omethuleli avumelekile ngezinsiza ezingathetheleli i-IP emile ezinikele.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yiziphi izimbobo ezizovulelwa i-Active Directory, i-RDP, i-DNS, nokuningi ku-Windows Server

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.