Amathiphu okuphepha kwe-inthanethi kubafundi: umhlahlandlela osebenzayo nophelele

Ukuphila, ukufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabantu ngokugcwele Imvelo yedijithali Inezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa futhi ivula umnyango wezingozi eziningana ezivame ukungabonwa ngabafundi. Kusukela ku-imeyili yaseyunivesithi kuya efwini lapho ugcina khona amanothi akho noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ozisebenzisa nsuku zonke, konke kungaba yindawo yokungena kokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber uma kungavikelwe kahle.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje inani le ukuhlaselwa okubhekiswe kubantu abasha kanye nezikhungo zemfundoAma-imeyili e-scholarship mbumbulu, amadokhumenti agcwele i-malware abiwe ku-inthanethi, amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi angavikelekile emitatsheni yezincwadi, isofthiwe ephangiwe egcwele amagciwane, ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo ngocingo noma i-SMS, njll. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuxuba ingqondo evamile, imikhuba eyisisekelo yokuhlanzeka kwedijithali, kanye namathuluzi ambalwa abalulekile, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kwenzeke kuwe.

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi empilweni yabafundi: yini esengozini

Uma ucabanga ngokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi ungase ucabange ngezinkampani ezinkulu noma amabhange, kodwa Umkhakha wezemfundo uphakathi kwezindawo ezihlaselwe kakhuluAmanyuvesi, izikhungo, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ziphatha idatha ebaluleke kakhulu: amarekhodi ezemfundo, ulwazi lwezezimali, idatha yomuntu siqu, ucwaningo, iziqinisekiso zokufinyelela ezinsizakalweni eziningi, njll.

Kuma-cybercriminals, umfundi uyisisulu esifanele: bavame ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu amaningi ahlukene, baxhumane kusuka kumanethiwekhi omphakathi, bafake izinhlelo zokusebenza namathuluzi ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi babelane ngolwazi oluningi kunalokho okufanele bakwenze ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Konke lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlaselwa okufana no- ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukwebiwa kwe-akhawunti, noma ukufakwa kwe-malware kuma-laptops kanye namafoni eselula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi eminingi yezemfundo manje yenziwa cishe ngo-100% ku-inthanethi: amakhampasi asebenza nge-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokuphatha ezemfundo, amakilasi akude, izivivinyo kanye nokuthunyelwaUkulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kulezi zingxenyekazi noma ukubona i-akhawunti yakho isengozini kungalimaza isemester yonke, futhi kukuveze ekwebiweni kobunikazi noma ekukhohlisweni kwezezimali.

Ngakho-ke, ukufunda ukuqonda okuqinile ngokuphepha kwe-cyber akuyona nje into "yososayensi bekhompyutha" noma ochwepheshe: kuyingxenye ye amakhono ayisisekelo anikezwa yinoma yimuphi umfundi Kufanele ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kalula njengoba wazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani iprosesa yamagama noma ispredishithi.

Amaphasiwedi aphephile kanye nokuphathwa kweziqinisekiso

Udonga lokuqala oluhlukanisa umhlaseli kuma-akhawunti akho yi- amaphasiwediUma usebenzisa amaphasiwedi alula, aphindaphindwayo, futhi okulula ukuwaqagela, akunandaba ukuthi uqaphela kangakanani ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha: ngokushesha noma kamuva othile uzongena.

Okungcono kakhulu, dala amaphasiwedi amade, okungenani Izinhlamvu eziyi-12ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinhlamvu ezincane, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu olusobala (igama lakho, usuku lokuzalwa, iqembu lebhola, njll.), isebenza kahle kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa imisho emide Kushintshwe kancane, ngakho kulula ukuthi uzikhumbule kodwa kunzima ukuthi omunye umuntu aziqagele. Uma zibonakala zingahleliwe ngaphandle, kungcono.

Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukusebenzisa kabusha iphasiwedi efanayo kumasayithi amaningi. Uma enye yalawo masayithi ithola ukwephulwa kwedatha, isigebengu se-inthanethi singazama leyo phasiwedi efanayo ku-akhawunti yakho. I-imeyili yesikhungo, imithombo yezokuxhumana, amabhange aku-inthanethi noma noma yikuphi okunye abakucabangayo. Lo mkhuba, owaziwa ngokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwemininingwane, uvumele abahlaseli ukuthi babeke engcupheni ama-akhawunti abafundi kanye nawo wonke amanyuvesi ezigamekweni zakamuva.

Ukuze ugweme lesi siphithiphithi, into elula nephephile kakhulu ongayenza ukusebenzisa umphathi wephasiwediAmathuluzi afana ne-LastPass, i-1Password, ne-Bitwarden akhiqiza amaphasiwedi aqinile, ahlukile kwinsizakalo ngayinye futhi awagcine ebethelwe. Udinga ukukhumbula iphasiwedi eyodwa kuphela eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi balaba baphathi bamaphasiwedi bahlanganiswa nesiphequluli sakho kanye nedivayisi yeselula, okwenza ukungena ngemvume kumapulatifomu akho ezemfundo kucishe kube okuzenzakalelayo.

Ekugcineni kuyanconywa shintsha amaphasiwedi akho njaloIkakhulukazi uma usola ukuthi i-akhawunti kungenzeka ukuthi ibekwe engcupheni noma uma ungene ngemvume kumadivayisi abanye abantu (amakhompyutha omtapo wolwazi, amakhompyutha abiwe, njll.). Futhi ungalokothi, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, wabelane ngephasiwedi yakho nge-imeyili, i-SMS, i-WhatsApp, noma izingcingo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA): ungqimba olwengeziwe olwenza umehluko omkhulu

Ngisho noma kunamaphasiwedi aqinile, kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi othile angawantshontsha ngokusebenzisa i-phishing, i-malware, noma ukwephulwa kwedatha. Yilapho-ke ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA), okwengeza isinyathelo esengeziwe sokuphepha enkambisweni yokungena ngemvume.

Nge-2FA, ngaphezu kwephasiwedi yakho, uzocelwa isici sesibili sokuqinisekisa: a ikhodi yesikhashana ithunyelwe nge-SMS, ekhiqizwe uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqinisekisa (njenge-Google Authenticator, i-Authy, noma i-Microsoft Authenticator), noma idivayisi ebonakalayo. Ngale ndlela, noma ngabe umhlaseli uthola iphasiwedi yakho, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yakho ngaphandle kwalesi sici sesibili.

Ukuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili kubaluleke kakhulu kumasevisi abalulekile njenge i-imeyili yesikhungo, i-imeyili yomuntu siqu, i-akhawunti ye-Google noma ye-Microsoft, amanethiwekhi omphakathi kanye nanoma iyiphi ipulatifomu equkethe ulwazi olubucayi noma esebenza njengendawo yokutakula amanye ama-akhawunti.

Ukuze uyilungiselele, uvame ukuya esigabeni se- ukuphepha Kusevisi ngayinye, skena ikhodi ye-QR ngohlelo lokusebenza lokufakazela ubuqiniso bese ugcina amakhodi okutakula ephephile uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa ifoni yakho. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, beka phambili ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kunemiyalezo ye-SMS, okulula ukuyivimba.

Kuhle ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuhlola ukuthi i-2FA isebenza kahle nokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole izindlela zokubuyisela (i-imeyili ehlukile, inombolo yocingo, imibuzo yokuphepha) ukuze ugweme ukuvalelwa ngaphandle uma ushintsha amadivayisi.

Ukuphequlula okuphephile kanye nezandiso zesiphequluli eziwusizo

Umsebenzi wakho omningi wezemfundo wenzeka ngesiphequluli: ikhampasi ebonakalayo, uhlu lwezincwadi eziku-inthanethi, izinkundla zekilasi, amathuluzi okubambisana, i-webmail… Yingakho ukugcina ukuphequlula okuphephile Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuzibeka engozini yokwebiwa kwedatha noma ukulandwa kwe-malware ngengozi.

Njengomthetho oyisisekelo, jwayela ukuhlola ukuthi amakhasi lapho ufaka khona idatha yomuntu siqu noma iziqinisekiso abonisa I-padlock kubha yekheli futhi ziqala ngo-https://. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uxhumano lubethelwe. Akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi isayithi lisemthethweni, kodwa kuyimfuneko encane. Uma isiphequluli sakho sibonisa isexwayiso sokuphepha, ungasinaki.

Kumelwe futhi uqaphele kakhulu nge- izixhumanisi ezitholwe nge-imeyili noma ngemiyalezoUkuhlaselwa okuningi kwe-phishing kulingisa kahle inyuvesi yakho, amapulatifomu ezifundo, izinsizakalo zokugcina amafu, noma oprofesa ababelana ngamanothi. Ngaphambi kokuchofoza, hlola ikheli le-imeyili lomthumeli, bheka amaphutha angavamile kusizinda, bese uvakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yesikhungo ukuze ubone ukuthi zikhona yini izixwayiso ezifanayo.

Ukuze uqinise ukuphepha kwakho, ungafaka izandiso ezithembekile ezisiza ekuhlungeni okuqukethwe okuyingozi. Izithiyo zezikhangiso ezifana I-AdBlock Plus noma i-uBlock Origin Zinciphisa ingozi yokuhlangabezana nezikhangiso ezinonya, kuyilapho amathuluzi afana ne-HTTPS Everywhere ephoqa ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumeka okuphephile noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kanti i-Privacy Badger isiza ekunciphiseni ukulandelwa okungafuneki.

Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola izandiso ezifakiweSusa noma yiziphi izandiso ongazisebenzisi, qaphela lezo ezinezilinganiso ezimbalwa noma ezivela emithonjeni engabazekayo, bese uhlola izimvume ezizicelayo. Isandiso esinonya singafunda konke okuthayiphayo noma okubonayo kusiphequluli sakho, okuhlanganisa amaphasiwedi akho nolwazi lwezemfundo.

Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omphakathi nawekhampasi: ukulula kanye nezingozi

Kujwayelekile ukuthi, njengomfundi, uchithe ingxenye yempilo yakho uxhumeke kwi-Wi-Fi yomtapo wolwazi, ekhefini, noma kunethiwekhi evulekile yegumbi lokulala. Inkinga ukuthi eziningi zalezi nethiwekhi ziyasebenza. okungaphephile futhi uvumele umhlaseli ukuthi abone noma alawule ithrafikhi yabasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe.

Kumanethiwekhi omphakathi angenakho ukubethela, noma ngokubethela okubuthakathaka kakhulu, umuntu onolwazi oluthile lobuchwepheshe angavimba ulwazi oluthumelayo noma olutholayo, ikakhulukazi uma uvakashela amasayithi angenayo i-HTTPS noma usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabetheli kahle ukuxhumana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi konke okuvela ku- idatha yokungena kufaka phakathi ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi, gwema ukwenza imisebenzi ebucayi njengokuthenga ku-inthanethi, ukubhanga ku-inthanethi, noma ukushintsha iphasiwedi ebalulekile ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi. Uma ungenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuxhuma kulezi zinhlobo zamanethiwekhi, kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa i- I-VPN (inethiwekhi yangasese ebonakalayo) ebhala ngemfihlo yonke ithrafikhi yakho, okwenza ingafundeki kunoma ubani ozama ukuyihlola. Izinsizakalo ezifana ne-NordVPN, i-ExpressVPN, noma i-CyberGhost zaziwa kakhulu kule ndawo.

Hlola izilungiselelo zedivayisi yakho ukuze uzivimbele ekuxhumekeni. ukuvula amanethiwekhi ngokuzenzakalelayo Ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele, izosusa noma yimaphi amanethiwekhi amadala ongasawasebenzisi ohlwini. Ukugcina inketho yokuxhumeka okuzenzakalelayo ivuliwe kwenza kube lula ngawe ukuthi ugcine uxhumeke ezindaweni zokufinyelela mbumbulu ezibekwe abahlaseli (i-"Wi-Fi yamahhala" evamile noma amagama alingisa amanethiwekhi aseyunivesithi).

Ezindaweni zokuhlala nasezikhungweni ezidumile, Ukuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi okuphephile nokulawulwayongokubethela nokuphatha okufanele. Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe inethiwekhi yekhampasi ithembeke kakhulu kunenethiwekhi yokudlela, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uqaphele futhi uhlale uqaphile lapho uphatha idatha ebucayi.

Izibuyekezo zesistimu kanye nezipele

Ukungazinaki izaziso zesistimu yokusebenza noma izibuyekezo zohlelo lokusebenza kungenye yezindlela ukwehluleka okubanzi kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi. Njalo uma uhlehlisa isibuyekezo esibucayi, ushiya ikhompyutha yakho noma idivayisi yakho yeselula ivezwe ebuthakathakeni izigebengu ze-inthanethi esezazi kakade futhi ezizixhaphazayo ngenkuthalo.

Izibuyekezo azihlanganisi nje kuphela izici ezintsha noma ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke amabala okuphepha lokho kuvala kuthole ubuthakathaka. Ukugcina iWindows, i-macOS, i-Linux, i-Android, i-iOS, kanye nezinye izinhlelo ozisebenzisayo (isiphequluli, i-office suite, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezemfundo) kusesikhathini kungenye yezindlela ezilula zokuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwakho.

Into ewusizo kakhulu ongayenza ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, zivumele zifake ngemuva. Uma ungakwazi ukwenza lokhu, beka eceleni okungenani isikhathi isonto ngalinye noma amabili ukuze uhlole izinguqulo ezintsha bese uzifaka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi owasebenzisela ukufunda noma ukufinyelela ikhampasi ebonakalayo.

Kanye nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesu elicacile lokwenza amakhophi wokulondolozaUkuthembela kuphela eqinisweni lokuthi "konke kusefwini" kungakunika umuzwa wokuvikeleka ongamanga: uma ususa ifayela ngephutha, uma i-akhawunti yakho isengozini, noma uma i-ransomware ibhala ngemfihlo idatha yakho, ungalahlekelwa umsebenzi, amanothi, nezinto ezibalulekile ngaphambi nje kokuhlolwa.

Cabanga ukwenza amakhophi avamile emibhalo yakho ebaluleke kakhulu ku- i-hard drive yangaphandle noma isevisi yokusekelayo Ama-backup athembekile, agcinwe endaweni ongayifinyelela kuphela. Ukuhlela i-backup yamasonto onke noma yanyanga zonke kungakusindisa ezinhlungwini eziningi zekhanda kanye nokungalali ebusuku ekupheleni kwesemester.

Ukuvikelwa okuphelele kwamadivayisi akho

I-laptop yakho, ithebhulethi, kanye nefoni yakho ephathekayo kuyisango eliya cishe kuyo yonke impilo yakho yezemfundo neyomuntu siqu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuzivikela ezingeni eliphezulu. okwedijithali kanye nokwenyamaAkukhona nje ukufaka isofthiwe ye-antivirus bese uyikhohlwa, kodwa mayelana nokusebenzisa isethi yemikhuba emihle kakhulu.

Okokuqala, faka i- I-antivirus ethembekile kanye ne-antimalware Futhi hlala unolwazi olusha. Izixazululo ezifana neNorton, McAfee, kanye neBitdefender, phakathi kwezinye, zisiza ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni i-malware, amaTrojans, i-ransomware, nezinye izinsongo ezingangena ngokunyenya lapho ulanda izinhlelo, uvula okunamathiselwe okusolisayo, noma uvakashela amawebhusayithi asengozini.

Futhi qiniseka ukuthi i- firewall Uhlelo luvuliwe. Le ngxenye isebenza njengesithiyo, ilawula ithrafikhi engenayo nephumayo futhi ivimbela ukuxhumana okungagunyaziwe okuya nokuvela kukhompyutha yakho. Iza ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ezinhlelweni eziningi, kodwa kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola kabili.

Ngokwemvelo, gwema ukushiya amadivayisi akho engagadiwe. ukunganakwa ezindaweni zomphakathi noma amakilasi. Setha ukukhiya isikrini okuzenzakalelayo okusebenza ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokungasebenzi bese usebenzisa amaphasiwedi, ama-PIN aqinile, noma ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric (iminwe, ukuqashelwa kobuso) ukuvimbela noma ubani ukuthi afinyelele amaseshini akho avulekile.

Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa noma ukwebiwa, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuba nezici ezifana nokusebenza. Thola idivayisi yami, khiya noma usule ukudeLawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uthole idivayisi, uyikhiye ukude, futhi usule konke okuqukethwe kuyo uma ubona ukuthi ngeke uyithole, okunciphisa umthelela wokuwela kwayo ezandleni ezingafanele.

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukuqeda, ukubulala kanye nokushaya: ukuhlukahluka kobuqili obufanayo

Ukuhlasela okuningi emkhakheni wezemfundo kusekelwe kumasu okusebenza ubunjiniyela bezenhlaloOkusho ukuthi, ukukhohlisa abantu ukuthi badlulisele idatha yabo noma bafake i-malware. I-Phishing iyisibonelo esaziwa kakhulu, kodwa akusona sodwa. Kukhona futhi ukuhlukahluka okufana nokuqeda, ukucisha, kanye nokususa.

El ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi Ngokuvamile kufika ngesimo se-imeyili elingisa ukuxhumana okuvela eyunivesithi yakho, uhlelo lokuphatha izifundo, izifundi, amapulatifomu emisebenzi, noma ngisho noprofesa. Bavame ukukhanga ezihlokweni ezibucayi (ukubhaliswa kwezifundo, isikhundla sezemfundo, izivivinyo, izinkokhelo, izinkinga ze-akhawunti) ukuze kudalwe umuzwa wokuphuthuma futhi kukuholele ekhasini elingamanga lapho ufaka khona igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi.

El quishing Kuwuhlobo lobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi lapho isicupho siyikhodi ye-QR, kungaba ku-imeyili noma kuma-stickers angokoqobo abekwe ekhampasi. Endaweni yemfundo, amakhodi e-QR asetshenziswa cishe kukho konke: ukufinyelela ekilasini elibonakalayo, ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlolovo, ukulanda amanothi, ukubuka amakhalenda, njll. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, asephenduke isithiyo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokweba iziqinisekiso noma ulwazi lwasebhange.

El befuna Lobu buqili bushintshela ekushayweni kwezingcingo noma imiyalezo yezwi. Ilungu elicatshangelwayo lethimba lokusekela ubuchwepheshe, ihhovisi lombhalisi, noma umnyango weyunivesithi likubiza ukuthi "ukusize" ngenkinga noma i-scholarship, bese licela ulwazi olubucayi noma ukuthi wenze izenzo ezithile. smishingNgakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa imiyalezo ye-SMS noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo ukukuthumelela izixhumanisi ezinonya noma izicelo zolwazi.

Ukuze uzivikele, thatha isimo sengqondo ukungathembani okunempiloUngabelani ngamaphasiwedi noma imininingwane yekhadi ngocingo, nge-imeyili, noma ngemiyalezo. Ungachofozi izixhumanisi emilayezweni engalindelekile, futhi uma kukhona okubonakala kusolisa, qeda ukuxhumana bese uxhumana neyunivesithi noma inhlangano ngqo ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni. Njalo qinisekisa isizinda se-imeyili kanye ne-URL yangempela ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiziphi iziqinisekiso.

Amadokhumenti abiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingamanga, kanye nesofthiwe ephangiwe

Empilweni yezemfundo yansuku zonke, kuyinto evamile ukuthola izimemo zokuthi imibhalo okwabelwana ngayo ku-Google Drayivu, i-OneDrive, noma amanye amapulatifomu. Lo mkhuba uholele ekukhwabaniseni okuphumelelayo kakhulu lapho umhlaseli ezenza ofunda naye noma uprofesa bese ekuthumelela idokhumenti equkethe amanothi noma ukufundwa okudingekayo.

Ngokuchofoza, ungaqondiswa kabusha ku- ikhasi lokungena ngemvume elingamanga kusuka ku-Google, i-Microsoft, noma enye isevisi edumile. Uma ufaka ulwazi lwakho lapho, uzobe udlulisela iziqinisekiso zakho ngqo kumhlaseli. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kungcono ukungangeni ngemvume usebenzisa izinkinobho ezifakwe ku-imeyili, kodwa kunalokho vula iDrayivu yakho noma i-OneDrive ngqo kusiphequluli sakho bese uhlola isigaba esithi "Okwabelwana nami".

Kufanele futhi kunakwe izinhlelo zokusebenza, amapulatifomu kanye nezandiso Okufakayo. Ezilungiselelweni zemfundo, kutholakale abafaki mbumbulu bamathuluzi okubambisana aziwayo (njenge-Notion noma i-Slack), basatshalaliswa ngezikhangiso noma amawebhusayithi alingisa lawo asemthethweni. Inhloso yabo yangempela ukufaka i-malware eyeba amaphasiwedi noma elawula idivayisi.

Umthetho lapha ukulanda isofthiwe kusuka ku- imithombo esemthethweni noma izitolo ezithembekileHlola idumela lonjiniyela, funda izibuyekezo zabasebenzisi, futhi uqaphe izimvume ezicelwa uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwumkhuba omuhle "ukuhlanza" izandiso nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ongasazisebenzisi ukunciphisa indawo yakho yokuhlasela.

Ngokuqondene ne Isofthiwe ephangiwe, imifantu kanye nama-keygenIngozi inkulu nakakhulu. Abafundi abaningi basebenzisa izinguqulo ezingekho emthethweni zezinhlelo ezibizayo (ukuhlela ividiyo, ukuklama, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo, njll.) ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi la mafayela avame ukufaka ama-Trojan, ama-spyware, noma ama-keylogger aklanyelwe ukweba iziqinisekiso, ukuthwebula ama-keystrokes akho, noma ukuhlola umsebenzi wakho.

Ukufaka isofthiwe ephangiwe kungaholela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kuma-imeyili akho ezikhungo, amakilasi abonakalayo, kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nokudalula amadokhumenti ezemfundo abucayi kanye nolwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwasebhange. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamaphasiwedi kanye nesofthiwe ephukile kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kube yisisusa sokwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu emanyuvesi angempela.

Izipesheli mbumbulu, izifundi ezingezona ezeqiniso, kanye nokuchayeka ngokweqile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana

Esinye isigaba sezinsongo ezihlobene eduze nomhlaba wezemfundo yi- izifundo mbumbulu, iziqu, okunikezwayo kwemisebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini noma izifundiIzigebengu ze-inthanethi zakha izikhangiso nama-imeyili akholisayo kakhulu athembisa izaphulelo zemali yokufunda, imisebenzi ekhokhelwa kahle ehlobene neyunivesithi, noma usizo lwezezimali oluphuthumayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuze ufinyelele lezi zinzuzo ezicatshangelwayo bakucela ukuthi khokha noma iyiphi imali, thenga imishini noma unikeze imininingwane yasebhange neyomuntu siqu. Kuke kwaba nezimo zokukhwabanisa lapho inhloko yomnyango ekuthinta nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS ekucela ukuthi uthenge amakhadi esipho njengengxenye yendaba ephuthumayo, bese egcina inani lawo.

Ukuzivikela lapha kuhilela ukuhlola njalo isiteshi sokuxhumana esisemthethweniFuna amawebhusayithi aseyunivesithi asemthethweni, amaphothali emisebenzi asemthethweni, ama-domain aqinisekisiwe, nama-imeyili avela esikhungweni. Uma becela imali kusengaphambili, ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluningi ngokweqile, noma bexhumana nawe ngeziteshi ezingakahleleki (i-WhatsApp yomuntu siqu, imiyalezo yezokuxhumana), sola.

Kukho konke lokhu kwengezwe i ukuchayeka ngokweqile ezinkundleni zokuxhumanaAbafundi abaningi noprofesa babelana, ngokuvamile bengazi, ngolwazi olungaba wusizo kakhulu kumhlaseli: igama leyunivesithi, uhlelo lweziqu, izifundo, amashejuli, izithombe zasekhempasini, izithombe-skrini zekilasi elibonakalayo, noma ngisho nama-imeyili ezikhungo abonakala kumaphrofayela omphakathi.

Uma ulwazi olunembile kakhulu isigebengu se-inthanethi esinalo ngempilo yakho yezemfundo, kulapho kuzoba lula khona ukuthi sidale ukuhlaselwa kwe-phishing, i-vishing, noma i-smishing. eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu ezibonakala zisemthethweni ngokuphelele. Lungisa izilungiselelo zobumfihlo be-akhawunti yakho, unciphise ukuthi ubani ongabona okuthunyelwe nezindaba zakho, futhi ugweme ukubonisa ulwazi olungasetshenziswa ukuzenza wena noma ukwenza ukukhwabanisa kukholeke kakhudlwana.

Uma uthola umlayezo obonakala "uqondene nomuntu siqu kakhulu," onemininingwane ecacile ngesimo sakho sezemfundo, yima ucabange bese uqinisekisa ubuqiniso bawo ngezinye izindlela ngaphambi kokuchofoza noma ukuphendula ngolwazi olubucayi.

Ukwamukela imikhuba emihle yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi njengomfundi akudingi ukuba uchwepheshe wekhompyutha noma ukwazi kahle imiqondo ethuthukisiwe: ukusebenzisa nje ezimbalwa izimiso eziyisisekelo nezihlala njalo Empilweni yakho yansuku zonke yedijithali, ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi ahlukile naqinile, ukuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili, ukugcina amadivayisi akho evuselelwe, ukuqaphela izixhumanisi namafayela asolisayo, ukuzivikela kumanethiwekhi omphakathi we-Wi-Fi, kanye nokuqaphela lokho owabelana ngakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuzokwenza umehluko phakathi kokuba yisisulu esilula kanye nomsebenzisi okunzima ukumkhohlisa. Ngalezi zinyathelo, awugcini nje ngokuvikela idatha yakho namanothi, kodwa futhi unegalelo ekuphakamiseni izinga lokuphepha lomphakathi wonke wezemfundo.