Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekwenzekile kuwe: ungena kumdlalo wabadlali abaningi bese uthola ukuthi Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola iqembuIngxoxo yezwi ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele, noma okubi nakakhulu, awukwazi ukusingatha iseshini. Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile ziyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi uxhumano lwakho alulungiswanga kahle nokuthi ithrafikhi yedatha iyabhajwa ku-router ngaphambi kokufinyelela ku-console noma kwi-PC yakho.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuxhumana okusheshayo akwanele; okubalulekile I-router yakho iphatha kanjani ukufakwa kanye nokukhishwa kolwazi?Okulandelayo, sizochaza konke okudingeka ukwazi ngezinhlobo ze-NAT namathuluzi okusebenzisa Lungiselela inethiwekhi yakho kanye nehadiwe ukuze uqede ukulibazisekaukuze ukwazi ukungena emidlalweni yakho ngaphandle kokuthi ubuchwepheshe bukudumaze.
Ukuqonda i-NAT nemiphumela yayo emidlalweni
Igama elithi NAT, elisho ukuthi Ukuhumusha kwekheli lenethiwekhiLobu ubuchwepheshe obuvumela wonke amadivayisi asekhaya lakho ukuthi abelane ngekheli elilodwa le-IP lomphakathi elinikezwa ngumhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. Cabanga nge-router njengomuntu omukelayo onquma ukuthi yimaphi amaphakethe edatha aya kuyiphi idivayisi yangaphakathi; uma umuntu omukelayo engazi ukuthi uzothumela kuphi ulwazi olungenayo, uxhumano luyavinjelwa.
Kuye ngeplatifomu oyisebenzisayo, i-NAT ihlukaniswa ngendlela ehlukile, yize umqondo ufana. Ku-PlayStation sikhuluma ngakho Uhlobo 1, 2 kanye no-3, kuyilapho ku-Xbox naku-PC kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi Ivulekile, Iphakathi Noma IqinileI-NAT evulekile iyisimo esifanelekile, njengoba ivumela idivayisi yakho ukuthi ixhumane nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Uma une-NAT ekhawulelwe noma eqinile, cishe uzobhekana nakho ukwehluleka kokuxhumana nabanye abasebenzisiUzokwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abane-NAT evulekile kuphela. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoba i-firewall ye-router ivimba izicelo ezingenayo, ihlukanise ikhonsoli yakho nomphakathi wonke.
Iphrothokholi ye-UPnP kanye nezingozi zayo
Ukuze ugweme ukumisa imbobo ngayinye ngesandla, kukhona i-UPnP (Universal Plug and Play). Le protocol ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza nama-consoles cela i-router ukuthi ivule ama-port ngokuguquguqukayo nangokuzenzakalela. Kuyindlela elula kakhulu ngoba umdlalo ngokwawo utshela i-router ukuthi, "Hei, ngidinga i-port X ukuze isebenze," bese i-router iyivula ngokushesha.
Kodwa-ke, akukuhle konke, njengoba i-UPnP ibhekwa njenge- iphrothokholi engavikelekileIngozi iseqinisweni lokuthi noma iyiphi idivayisi noma uhlelo oluyingozi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yendawo lungavula imbobo ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele, kushiye umnyango uvulekele ukuhlaselwa kwangaphandle noma kudalulwe amadivayisi asengozini, njengamanye amakhamera e-IP amadala.
Ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi, isu elingcono kakhulu yileli khawulela ukufinyelela ku-UPnP Vumela ukufinyelela kumadivayisi akudinga ngempela kuphela. Esikhundleni sokukuvumela ukuthi kusebenze endlini yonke, ungasetha uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela ukuze kube yi-console yakho noma i-PC yakho yokudlala enemvume yokuphatha ama-port, igcine yonke inethiwekhi ivaliwe.
Izindlela zokufeza i-Open NAT
Uma ufuna ukuyeka ukuhlushwa uhlobo lwe-NAT 3, unezinketho eziningana kuye ngezinga lakho lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinga lokuphepha olidingayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, nika i-IP engaguquki kukhonsoli yakhoUma uvumela i-router ukuthi inikeze ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo, lingashintsha, futhi imithetho oyidalile ingase iyeke ukusebenza.
Ukudlulisela imbobo
Lena inketho eqinile nephephile kakhulu. Kuhilela ukutshela i-router ukuthi yonke ithrafikhi efika echwebeni elithile kufanele idluliselwe phambili. kuqondiswe ngqo ekhelini le-IP lekhonsoli yakhoUmenzi ngamunye unamachweba akhe anconywayo. Isibonelo, ku-PS5, ngokuvamile amachweba e-UDP angu-3074 no-3478-3479, kanye namachweba e-TCP angu-1935 no-3478-3480. Ku-Xbox, ichweba elingu-3074 libalulekile kokubili ku-TCP kanye ne-UDP.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo ye-DMZ
I-DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) iyisisombululo esinzima kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, siqukethe susa idivayisi ku-firewall kusuka ku-router, ukuyiveza ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kumadivayisi anenkinga njenge-Nintendo Switch, ngezinye izikhathi edinga ububanzi obukhulu bezimbobo kangangokuthi i-router ayikwazi ukuzisingatha ngazinye. Akukhuthazwa kuma-PC, kodwa kuma-consoles kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthola i-NAT evulekile ngokushesha.
Ukulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe kuma-firewall njenge-pfSense
Kulabo abasebenzisa ihadiwe yobungcweti efana ne-pfSense, ukucushwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lapha ungavumela I-UPnP ne-NAT-PMPNoma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha inketho yokwenqaba ukufinyelela ngokuzenzakalelayo bese wengeza imithetho ethize ethi "vumela" kuphela ekhelini le-IP ledivayisi yokudlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela izici ezifana I-NAT Egcwele Yekhoni Kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukubambezeleka futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kokuxhumana emidlalweni ezisingatha yona, njengakumamodi e-zombie e-Call of Duty.
Izinto zokugcina okufanele zicatshangelwe mayelana nomqhubi kanye ne-CG-NAT
Ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udlala kangakanani nge-router, awukwazi ukushintsha uhlobo lwe-NAT. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma umhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi esebenzisa i-NAT. I-CG-NAT (Ibanga Lomthwali we-NATKulolu hlelo, ikheli le-IP lomphakathi labelwana ngalo phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaningi ehhovisi eliphakathi lomqhubi, okusho ukuthi awunawo amandla okulawula amachweba angenayo.
Uma uzithola ukulesi simo, ikhambi eliphumelelayo kuphela xhumana no-opharetha wakho futhi ucele ukuthi bakunikeze ikheli le-IP lomphakathi eliguquguqukayo langempela. Ngaphandle kwekheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi, ukudluliselwa kwe-port kanye ne-UPnP ngeke kusebenze, njengoba ukuvimba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba idatha ifike ngisho ekhelini lakho.
Ukufinyelela uxhumano olungenazihibe kudinga ibhalansi phakathi kokulula kwe-UPnP, ukuphepha kokudlulisela imbobo ngesandla, kanye namandla ekheli le-IP lomphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhonsoli ihlala inekheli le-IP elingaguquki ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano zenethiwekhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi igeleza ngaphandle kwemingcele kudivayisi yokudlala.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.