Uzifaka kanjani izinhlamvu ezikhethekile usebenzisa ikhibhodi ye-PC kunoma iyiphi isistimu

Uma udinga ukuthayipha izimpawu, izinhlamvu ezinamagama ezingajwayelekile, noma izimpawu zezibalo, ikhibhodi ejwayelekile iyawa. Kukhona izinqamuleli, amaphaneli ezimpawu, kanye Amakhodi asebenzisa ukhiye we-Alt ku-Windows ezikuvumela ukuthi ufake cishe noma yimuphi uhlamvu kuWindows, macOS, Linux, Android o iOSkungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivela iphrintiwe kukhiye.

Kulo mhlahlandlela sihlanganisa yonke into isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: kusukela kumakhodi okhiye we-Alt akudala ku-Windows kuya ekufakweni kwe-Unicode, okuhlanganisa Imephu Yezinhlamvu, isibukeli sophawu lwe-macOS, neqhinga le-Control + Shift + U ku-Linux. kanye nezinketho zamakhibhodi abonakalayo kumadivayisi eselulaSiphinde sabuyekeza i-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, Unicode kanye namakhasi ekhodi, uhlu lwezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile (imali, ezomthetho, ezibalo, izingxenyana, i-diacritics nama-ligatures), ngisho nemininingwane ye-console ne-batch yefayela.

Yini i-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, Unicode, kanye namakhasi ekhodi?

Ukuze ikhompuyutha iqonde izinhlamvu nezimpawu, uhlamvu ngalunye lumelwe izinombolo ngokuvumelana nesistimu yokubhala amakhodi. ASCII Yazalwa inamanani angu-128: ukusuka ku-0 kuya ku-31 yayigodliwe izilawuli (ezingenakuphrinta) futhi isuka ku-32 kuya ku-127 izinhlamvu ezifundekayo (isikhala, izimpawu, amadijithi kanye nezinhlamvu zesiLatini eziyisisekelo).

cunt el tiempo Izandiso ezifana ne-ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) kanye namakhasi ekhodi ye-Windows (isb., CP850) angeziwe ukuze amboze izilimi zase-Europe. I-Unicode ixazulule umngcele: inikeza iphoyinti lekhodi eliyingqayizivele (U+XXXX) izinhlamvu ezivela cishe kuzo zonke izikripthi nezimpawu zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa ama-emoji, izinhlamvu zezibalo, nezinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Umphumela osebenzayo: emibhalweni yesimanje nakuwebhu, i-Unicode iyindinganiso; noma kunjalo, IWindows igcina ukuhambisana namakhodi we-ALT ezuzwe njengefa emakhasini ekhodi, nokuningi Izinhlelo zokusebenza Bamukela kokubili i-ALT ne-Unicode (Alt+X) ukuze bafake izinhlamvu.

Izindlela ezisheshayo kukhibhodi ebonakalayo

Ngaphandle kokuthinta amamenyu, ikhibhodi ngokwayo isivele ikunikeza ukufinyelela kuzimpawu eziningi. Lezi izindlela ezivame kakhulu ngokusabalalisa ngeSpanishi (kungase kwehluke ngezinye izilimi):

• Izimpawu eziqondileLezo esezinokhiye kakade, njengenkathi (.), ikhoma (,), ihayifeni (-) noma omaki bokugcizelela (´ `). Zisetshenziswa kaningi kangangokuthi azidingi inhlanganisela.
• Nge-Shift: Isetshenziselwa izimpawu ezibekwe ngenhla kwezinombolo (isibonelo, abakaki) noma uphawu lwedola ($) futhi, ngeSpanishi, kumamaki emibuzo.
• I-AltGr: ingeza ileveli yesithathu kokhiye abathile (isb., € ku-E (kumakhibhodi amaningi weSpanishi). Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu.
• Ikhibhodi yezinomboloKumakhibhodi agcwele, ikuvumela ukuthi uthayiphe ngokuqondile imisebenzi (+, -, *, /) futhi usize ukufaka Amakhodi we-ALT.

Qaphela: Ngokusabalalisa okuhlukene (isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, njll.) izimpawu eziqondile nezinhlanganisela ziyashintsha. Kukhona futhi umehluko kuma-macOS. mayelana neWindows ekubekweni kwezimpawu nezilungisi.

IWindows: zonke izindlela zokufaka izinhlamvu ezikhethekile

Ku-Windows kunezinsika ezintathu: amakhodi anekhiphedi ka-Alt nezinombolo, ikhodi ye-Unicode + Alt+X, kanye nemephu yezinhlamvu. Futhi, Microsoft Word Ihlanganisa isikhethi sayo futhi kukhona izinsiza zesistimu ezaziwa kancane, njengezinketho ze khubaza okhiye abakhethekile lokho kungase kuphazamise.

1) Amakhodi e-ALT (ASCII/Ikhasi Lekhodi) anekhiphedi yezinombolo

Ukuze ufake uhlamvu usebenzisa le ndlela, yenza kusebenze i-Num Lock uma ikhibhodi yakho iyidinga, cindezela u-Alt, bese uthayipha ikhodi ku- ikhiphedi yezinomboloIsibonelo, u-Alt+0176 uthayipha uphawu lwedigri (°). Ukusebenzisa i-numpad kubalulekilehhayi izinombolo ohlwini oluphezulu.

Inothi elibalulekile: Kumakhompyutha ahlangene angenakhiphedi yezinombolo (isibonelo, okuthile amalaptop (njenge-DUO, exwayiswa ngokusobala), ayikho inhlanganisela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-NumLock noma okufana nokusesikrinini okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-Alt namakhodi. Kulezo zimo, enye imephu yezinhlamvu noma unamathisele usuka kwenye indawo.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi umugqa ophezulu wezinombolo awuthathi indawo ye-numpad: Azilingani ezingeni likagesingisho noma bephrinta idijithi efanayo. Ikhibhodi esesikrinini nayo ayisizi uma ungakwazi ukubamba u-Alt kukhibhodi ephathekayo ngenkathi ucindezela izinombolo ezibonakalayo.

Kuma-accents kanye no-ñ ngekhibhodi yesiNgisi, kunezinhlanganisela zakudala: ALT+160 á, ALT+130 é, ALT+161 í, ALT+162 ó, ALT+163 ú, ALT+129 ü, ALT+164 ñ; kanye nezinhlamvu zayo ezinkulu ezinamakhodi anezinombolo ezine (isibonelo, ALT+0193 Á). Uma ushintsha phakathi kwamakhibhodi esiNgisi naweSpanishi, cabanga ukusebenzisa lezo zilimi ezimbili kuphela bese ushintsha phakathi kwazo nge-Alt+Shift.

2) I-Unicode ene-Alt+X

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-Microsoft (iZwiI-Outlook, njll.) yamukela ukulandelana kwe-Unicode: thayipha ikhodi (isibonelo 0024 nge-$), cindezela u-Alt futhi, ngaphandle kokuyikhulula, cindezela u-X. Umbhalo 0024 uguqulelwa ku-$Isebenza ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-glyphs, isb. 221A Alt+X → √, 2206 Alt+X → ∆.

3) Imephu Yezinhlamvu

I-Character Map ibonisa zonke izimpawu ezitholakala kufonti ekhethiwe. Ivumela ukukopisha i-glyphs eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ibhodi yokunameka futhi uwanamathisele kunoma yiluphi uhlelo oluwasekelayo. Ivula kanjani:

• Windows 10: sesha "uhlamvu" kubha yomsebenzi bese ukhetha Imephu Yezinhlamvu.
• Windows 8Kumenyu ethi Qala, sesha "uhlamvu" bese uvula Imephu Yezinhlamvu.
• Windows 7Qala > Zonke Izinhlelo > Izesekeli > Amathuluzi Esistimu > Imephu Yezinhlamvu.

Ngaphakathi, khetha ifonti bese uchofoza uphawu; cindezela Khetha bese Kopisha, bese unamathisele kudokhumenti. Ngale ndlela ugwema ukubamba ngekhanda amakhodi futhi wenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-glyph ikhona kuleyo typeface.

Okwengeziwe: IWindows ihlanganisa i Umhleli wezinhlamvu eziyimfihlo Ukuze uzenzele awakho ama-glyphs (awusizo kumalogo angaphakathi), sebenzisa okuthi "eudcedit" ukusuka ku-Qala noma ku-Windows+R. Kuyithuluzi elithuthukile nelicacile kakhulu.Kodwa ikhona kulabo abayidingayo.

4) Ukufaka izimpawu ku-Microsoft Word

NgeZwi, yiya kuthebhu ethi Faka bese uvula Izimpawu. Lapho ungakhetha uhlamvu olufunayo noma uchofoze Izimpawu ezengeziwe ukuze ubonise ibhokisi elifana nemephu yezinhlamvu. Kuhle uma usuvele uku-Word Uyabhala futhi awufuni ukushintshela kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Amakhodi wezimpawu ezivamile

Lawa mathebula aqukethe izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezinenhlanganisela ye-ALT noma ye-Unicode Alt+X. Bayisiqalo esihle zemali, ezomthetho, izibalo, izingxenyana, izimpawu zokuloba kanye nokwakheka.

Uma uzosebenzisa okuningana njalo, kufanelekile ukubamba ngekhanda ezivame kakhulu. Ngokuzijwayeza, baphuma bodwa. futhi ugwema ukuthi useshe yonke eminye imizuzu.

Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ezivamile (osonhlamvukazi nabancane)

Izinhlamvu eziningi zesiLatini ezinezimpawu zokuphimisela noma izimpawu zohlobo lwezinhlamvu zinamakhodi e-ALT kanye/noma e-Unicode Alt+X. Nansi ukukhetha kommeleli (kuningi kumephu yezinhlamvu):

Ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lwama-glyphs namakhodi, bheka Imephu Yezinhlamvu. Lapho uzobona ukuthi umthombo ngamunye unikeza ini ukusekela.Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo uma uphrinta noma wabelana ngamadokhumenti.

I-typographic ligatures

Ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ngazinye, kukhona ama-ligatures nama-glyphs ahlanganisiwe. Abanye baziwa kakhulu futhi zifakwe kanje:

Uma unentshisekelo esihlokweni sama-ligatures ku-typography, uzobona lokho Kunenqwaba yezinhlanganiselanakuba kungesiyo yonke imithombo ezisebenzisayo.

Izinhlamvu zokulawula ze-ASCII (ezingenakuphrinta)

Amakhodi okuqala e-ASCII 0–31 ayizilawuli zamadivayisi (amaphrinta, amatheminali, njll.). Amanye amagama akudala: NUL (0), SOH (1), STX (2), ETX (3), EOT (4), ENQ (5), ACK (6), BEL (7), BS (8), HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), CR (13), SO (14), SI (15), DLE (14), ( DC1) DLE (16), ( DC1) 2–2, DC1 (22), ETB (23), CAN (24), EM (25), SUB (26), ESC (27), FS (28), GS (29), RS (30), US (31), isikhala (32) kanye ne-DEL (127). Ezindaweni zanamuhla awakaze asetshenziswe ngokuqondilekodwa ziyaqhubeka zikhona ukuze zihambisane.

I-macOS: Umlingiswa kanye nesibukeli se-Emoji

En MacIndlela elula ngokusebenzisa isibukeli somlingisi. Ivule nge-Fn+E, Control+Command+Spacebar, noma kusukela kumenyu yohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Ukuhlela > Ama-Emojis nezimpawu. Kuyashesha futhi kuwusizo kakhulu. ukufaka yonke into kusukela kuzinhlamvu ezigxilile kuya kuzimpawu zobuchwepheshe nama-emoji.

Ekhoneni eliphezulu lephaneli kunenkinobho yokuyinweba futhi ubone izigaba eziningi ezengeziwe. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukutholakala. Okudingayo. Khetha uhlamvu futhi luzofakwa lapho kukhona ikhesa.

I-Linux: Lawula + Shift + U kanye namakhodi e-Unicode

Amadeskithophu amaningi e-Linux akuvumela ukuthi uthayiphe iphoyinti lekhodi ye-Unicode: cindezela okuthi Control + Shift + U, kuzovela u-"u" odwetshelwe, bese uthayipha ikhodi (isibonelo 20AC nge-€). Qinisekisa nge-Enter noma nge-Space futhi uzobona uphawu. Ungasebenzisa futhi uhlelo lokusebenza "Izinhlamvu" kuye ngesakhiwo.

Veza uhlu lwamakhodi adumile ngefomethi ye-U+XXXX: €U+20AC, $U+0024, ¥U+00A5, £U+00A3, ₿U+20BF, ≠ U+2260, ≈ U+2248, √ U+221A, ∞ U+221E, π U+03C0, © U+00A9, ® U+00AE, ™ U+2122, ■ U+25A0, □ U+25A2 U+2 BC ¼ U+00BC, ½ U+00BD, ¾ U+00BE. Ziyi-repertoire eyisisekelo enhle ngemibiko yezobuchwepheshe noma yezemfundo.

I-Android ne-iOS: amakhibhodi abonakalayo, amakhasi wezimpawu, nokucindezela isikhathi eside

Ku-Android, cindezela u-123 ukuze ushintshele ezinombolweni nezimpawu; cindezela inkinobho engaphezulu kwe-ABC ukuze ubone Izimpawu ezengeziwe ziyatholakalaNgaphezu kwalokho, okhiye abaningi banikeza okuhlukile kokucindezela isikhathi eside (isb., onkamisa abagcizelelwe). I-Gboard namanye amakhibhodi Balandela amaphethini afanayo.

En iPhone y iPad Umshini ufana kakhulu: 123 wezinombolo nezimpawu, omunye ukhiye wezimpawu eziningi futhi, ngokucindezela isikhathi eside, okuhlukile kuyaboniswa. Ungakwazi ngisho nokubhala izinombolo ze-ordinal ukugcina inombolo (1st, 1st), futhi okufanayo ngonkamisa nezimpawu zabo zezinhlamvu.

Kopisha bese unamathisela: isixazululo samazwe ngamazwe

Uma ungafuni ukungcolisa amakhodi noma isistimu ingakusizi (ayikho inombolo, ukufinyelela okuvinjiwe…), kopisha etafuleni bese unamathisele Isebenza kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile okunzima ukuzibhala: π, ∞, ×, ·, √, ~, ∈, ∩, ∪, ≠, Å, ≡, x̄, ∂, ≅, $, €, ¥, £, ₹, ₩, ₪, ₱, ₽, ฿ Londoloza inothi nezisetshenziswa kakhulu Futhi uzohlala unohlelo B.

Shintsha ulimi nesakhiwo sekhibhodi

Usebenzisa ikhibhodi ephathekayo esethelwe esiNgisini kodwa uthayipha ngesi-Spanish. Isixazululo? Ku-Windows, shiya kuphela okuthi "ES" kanye "EN" njengezilimi bese ushintsha phakathi kwazo usebenzisa i-Alt+Shift. Ilungiselele kokuthi Iphaneli Yokulawula > Izilungiselelo Zesifunda Nezolimi (noma sebenzisa i-intl.cpl). Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthayiphe okuthi ñ, izinhlamvu ezigcizelelwe, izimpawu zemibuzo, nezinye izinhlamvu ngaphandle kwamakhodi e-ALT.

Khumbula ukuthi uma usebenzisa ikhibhodi yesiNgisi ye-QWERTY enesakhiwo seSpanishi, Abanye okhiye bashintsha uhlamvu lwaboUma usebenza izilimi ezishintshanayo, kuyatuseka ukuthi wazi zombili izakhiwo noma usebenzise izitikha/izifanekiso.

I-Windows console namafayela e-batch

En cmd.exe amafayela nemibhalo yeqoqo kusebenzisa ikhasi lekhodi elisebenzayo. Kuye ngecala, ungase ubone noma ungaboni ama-accents nezimpawu ngendlela efanele. Ezinye izincomo nokuthi kanjani Lungisa okhiye ababhala izinhlamvu ezingalungileSebenzisa amakhodi e-ALT afanelekile e-CP850/CP437 noma shintsha amakhasi nge-chcp, futhi uhlole umphumela kukhonsoli eqondiwe.

Isibonelo sokumelwa kwezinhlamvu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwenqwaba ngokuya ngezinqamuleli ezazisetshenziswa ngokomlando: á nge-ALT+255, é ne-ALT+0130, í nge-ALT+173, noma nge-ALT+189, ú ne-ALT+156, ñ ne-ALT+207, Ñ ne-ALT+190, ¿ ne-ALT+249. Njalo hlola indawo okuzungezilengoba isibonisi sincike kumthombo kanye nekhasi lekhodi.

:: Muestra códigos y caracteres (extracto ilustrativo)
@echo off
chcp 850 >nul
echo Alt+248 = °
echo Alt+241 = ±
echo Alt+171 = 1/2
echo Alt+172 = 1/4
echo Alt+219 = █
pause>nul

Ukuze ubone wonke ama-glyphs atholakalayo namakhodi awo e-ALT ku-Windows yakho, ungakha amathebula anemibhalo noma usebenzise Imephu Yezinhlamvu. Kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuhlola ukwesekwa ngomthombo nangemvelo.

Amathiphu engeziwe namanothi okugcina

Uma ungayikhumbuli ikhodi kodwa uyisebenzise njalo, yakha idokhumenti eyireferensi noma ibhukhimakhi lo mhlahlandlela. I-Word ne-Character Map ikukhipha ekubopheni ngokushesha; ku-Mac, isibukeli sophawu senza umsebenzi ofanayo; futhi ku-Linux, i-Control+Shift+U iyixazulula ngamakhodi e-Unicode.

Okokugcina, khumbula ukuthi i-Unicode ihlanganisa imibhalo okungeyona eyesiLatini (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, njll.), amafomu athuthukile, nama-ligatures. Uma udinga ama-glyphs ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu zesiLatini, Buka amashadi okuthayipha e-Unicode ukuze uthole ngokushesha ibhulokhi efanele. Ezinhlotsheni zokubhala ezichwepheshile, ukumbozwa kuvame ukuba banzi.

Ukwazi lezi zinketho kukuvumela ukuthi ubhale noma yini oyifunayo, noma kuphi lapho ufuna khona: kusukela kuphawu lwe-euro (€) ukuya kunxantathu omnyama (▲), ukusuka ku-ordinal (yokuqala) ukuya kuyimpande yesikwele (√). Phakathi kwe-ALT, Alt+X, izibonisi, nokucindezela okudeAzisekho izaba zokushiya isikhala esingenalutho noma ukuphendukela ekuthwebuleni okuthuthukisiwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubonisa izinhlamvu ezifihliwe ku-Microsoft Office

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.