Indlela yokuqhathanisa amafayela usebenzisa umyalo we-FC ku-Windows

Uma usebenza ngezikripthi, imibiko, ikhodi, noma ufuna nje ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela lishintshiwe yini, umyalo I-Windows console fc Ingenye yalezo zinsiza eziyimfihlo kodwa eziwusizo kakhulu cishe okungekho muntu owaziyo ngazo. Awudingi ukufaka noma yini noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zangaphandle: ifakiwe ohlelweni lokusebenza ngokwalo futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa kusuka ku-command prompt noma i-PowerShell—ungabona ukuthi kanjani Qhathanisa imibhalo namafayela ku-PowerShell noma ku-CMD.

Emigqeni elandelayo sizobona Indlela yokuqhathanisa amafayela usebenzisa umyalo we-FC ku-WindowsIhlanganisa izindlela zokuqhathanisa ezinikezwayo (i-ASCII, i-Unicode, kanye ne-binary), incazelo yepharamitha ngayinye ku-syntax esemthethweni ye-Microsoft, indlela yokuhumusha amakhodi okukhipha, kanye nezibonelo eziningana ezisebenzayo zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Konke kuchazwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngolimi olucacile, ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimiphi imininingwane ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe.

Uyini umyalo we-FC futhi usetshenziselwani?

Umyalo I-FC (Qhathanisa Ifayela) Iyithuluzi lomugqa womyalo we-Windows elisetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa okuqukethwe amafayela amabili noma amasethi amabili amafayela bese kuboniswa umehluko phakathi kwawo. Liyahambisana ne-Windows 10, i-Windows 11, izinguqulo zangaphambilini, kanye nezinhlelo zeseva. I-Windows Server 2019, 2022 kanye neyakamuva.

Uma usebenzisa i-FC, uhlelo luhlaziya womabili amafayela bese lukutshela Ingabe ziyafana, ziyahluka, futhi zihluke ngaziphi izindlela?Kuye ngenketho ekhethiwe, ingasebenza ezingeni lombhalo (umugqa ngomugqa), umbhalo we-Unicode, noma ezingeni le-binary (i-byte nge-byte), ngakho-ke ivumelana namafayela wombhalo ocacile womabili (Qhathanisa amafayela ku-Notepad) njengezinto ezisebenzisekayo, izithombe, noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-binary.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FC ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise uhlobo lokuqhathanisa ngenxa yezinketho eziningana: ungakwazi Unganaki izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, unganaki isikhala esimhlophe, bonisa izinombolo zomugqaIkuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani lomehluko olandelanayo i-buffer yangaphakathi engayiphatha, uqhathanise amafayela amakwe njengangaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, nokuningi. Iguquguquka kakhulu kunalokho ebonakala ekuqaleni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba ingabizwa nge-PowerShell, kule ndawo i-fc iyi-alias ye-Format-Custom cmdletNgakho-ke, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqhathanisa amafayela elivamile, kufanele uthayiphe ngokusobala fc.exe esikhundleni se-fc nje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-binary efanele itholakala ku- C:\WINDOWS\fc.exe.

I-syntax ephelele yomyalo we-FC

I-syntax esemthethweni yomyalo, ngokusho kosizo lwe-Microsoft Windows, ifaka izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa: ukuqhathanisa umbhalo (i-ASCII noma i-Unicode) y ukuqhathanisa okubiliIfomu elijwayelekile linje:

fc /a ] <archivo1> <archivo2>

fc /b <archivo1> <archivo2>

Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakwazi engeza izilungisi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu landela amagama efayela ukuze ulungise ukuziphatha kwe-FC. Imingcele yendlela kanye nedrayivu ayikhethwa, ngakho-ke mane ucacise igama lefayela uma likufolda yamanje; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ucacise nendlela noma idrayivu.

Usizo lwakudala oluvela lapho lusebenza fc /? Kumyalo weSpanishi, i-syntax ifingqwe kanje (ifomethiwe ukuze kuqondwe kangcono):

FC ]
archivo1 archivo2
FC /B archivo1 archivo2

Kuzo zonke lezi zinguquko, ifayela1 y ifayela2 Lokhu kumelela amafayela okuqala nawesibili (noma amaphethini amafayela) okumele aqhathaniswe. Izinhlamvu ze-Wildcard nazo ziyasekelwa, okuvumela amaqembu aphelele amafayela ukuthi aqhathaniswe ngomyalo owodwa.

Incazelo yepharamitha ngayinye yomyalo we-FC

Amandla eqiniso omyalo ayacaca uma ubona ukuthi inketho ngayinye yenzani. Lokhu kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. wonke amapharamitha aqashelwa yi-fc.exe njengoba zivela kumadokhumenti e-Microsoft kanye nosizo oluzakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Izindlela zokuqhathanisa

/A – Ivumela imodi yokukhipha elula yokuqhathanisa umbhalo we-ASCII. Esikhundleni sokubhala yonke imigqa ehlukile phakathi kwamafayela amabili, i-FC ibonisa kuphela umugqa wokuqala nowokugcina weqembu ngalinye lomehlukoKuwusizo kakhulu uma kunezinguquko ezinkulu futhi ungafuni ukuthi ikhonsoli igcwalise umbhalo ongapheli.

/B – Phoqa eyodwa ukuqhathanisa kwe-byte-byte kanambambiliKule modi, akukho mzamo owenziwayo wokuvumelanisa kabusha ukusakazwa kwedatha ngemva kokutholakele kokungafani; ivele iqhubeke futhi ibonise umehluko ngamunye otholiwe. Lena imodi ezenzakalelayo yamafayela anezandiso ezivame ukuba yi-binary njenge-.exe, .com, .sys, .obj, .lib, noma i-.bin, noma ngabe awucacisi ngokusobala iswishi ye-/B.

/L – Yala i-FC ukuthi yenze umsebenzi Ukuqhathaniswa komugqa nomugqa kwe-ASCIInjalo uzama ukuvumelanisa kabusha amafayela ngemva kokuthola umehluko. Lena imodi ezenzakalelayo yawo wonke amafayela angabhekwa njengamabili (okungukuthi, lawo angenazo izandiso ezisebenzayo nezifanayo okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili).

/U - Shintsha ukuziphatha kwe-fc ukuze kuphathwe amafayela njengalawa Amafayela wombhalo we-UnicodeLe nketho iqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwekhodi okuthile (njenge-UTF-16) kuyahlonishwa nokuthi izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwe-ASCII eyisisekelo zihunyushwa kahle.

Ukulawulwa kokubhala ngosonhlamvukazi, izikhala, namathebhu

/C - Kwenza umyalo ungawunaki umehluko we isikhulumi esiphansi nesincaneUma kuphela ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu kushintsha (isibonelo, "Hola" uma kuqhathaniswa nethi "HOLA"), imigqa izobhekwa njengelingana futhi ngeke imakwe njengehlukile. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kusebenza ezinhlamvu, kodwa hhayi kwezinye izinhlamvu.

/W - Cindezela futhi unciphise ukubaluleka isikhala esingenaluthoOkusho ukuthi, amathebhu nezikhala. Uma umugqa unochungechunge olude lwezikhala noma amathebhu alandelanayo, i-FC izowaphatha njengesikhala esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa i-/W, umyalo uyawushaya indiva izindawo zokuqala nezokugcina yomugqa ngamunye ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisa, okuyinto enhle kakhulu kumaskripthi noma imibhalo lapho ukuhlehlisa kungabalulekile.

/T – Ikhubaza ukuguqulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamathebhu abe yizikhala. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-FC ivame ukuphatha amathebhu njengezikhala ezinamakhefu njalo ngezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili, kodwa nge-/T Amathebula ahlonishwa njengoba enjaloLokhu kuyasiza uma ukuqondanisa okuqondile kuyingxenye yokuqukethwe okunenjongo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-buffer yangaphakathi kanye nokuvumelanisa

/LB - Lungisa usayizi we i-buffer yomugqa wangaphakathi okuyinto i-FC eyisebenzisayo uma iqhathanisa amafayela ombhalo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le buffer ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe imigqa elandelanayo efinyelela ku-100. Uma amafayela amabili owaqhathanisayo enemigqa elandelanayo engaphezu kwe-100 engenama-match, uhlelo lubheka ukuthi amafayela aqhelelene kakhulu futhi kuphazamisa ukuqhathanisaNgale pharamitha ungaphakamisa noma wehlise lowo mkhawulo, ucacise inani elithile lemigqa esikhundleni se-100.

/ - Cacisa ukuthi zingaki imigqa elandelanayo kumele ifane Ngemva kokungafani, i-FC ibheka ukuthi ivumelanise kabusha amafayela womabili ngempumelelo. Inani elizenzakalelayo lingu-2. Uma, ngemva kwebhulokhi yomehluko, ithola imigqa efanayo engaphansi kwe-nnnn elandelanayo, leyo migqa izosaboniswa njengengxenye yomehluko, ngoba uhlelo lucabanga ukuthi amafayela ahlala engaqondile.

Izinketho zokubuka nokugcina kungobo yomlando ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi

/N - Kubangela izinamba zomugqa Uma wenza ukuqhathanisa kwe-ASCII, uzobona, eceleni kokuqukethwe, ireferensi yangempela yomugqa wefayela ngalinye, okubalulekile uma kamuva udinga ukuhlela ifayela okukhulunywa ngalo ngesandla.

/VALIWE – Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-FC yeqa amafayela anesethi yezimfanelo "ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi". Le nketho itshela uhlelo ukuthi Qhathanisa futhi amafayela amakwe njengangaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethiokungaba usizo ezindaweni lapho idatha igcinwa khona ezindaweni ezikude noma izinhlelo zamafayela ezikhethekile.

Ukucaciswa kwefayela kanye nosizo olusheshayo

Ngaphezu kwezinketho ezingenhla, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungawacacisa kanjani amafayela emgqeni womyalo. Ingxenye ye-syntax equkethe ifayela1 y ifayela2 ichaza ifayela lokuqala nelesibili okuzoqhathaniswa yi-FC. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezigcwele, izindlela ezihlobene, kanye, uma kudingeka, izinhlamvu ezahlukene zokushayela.

Umyalo uphinde usekele izinhlamvu ze-wildcard: * y ?Uma ufaka inkanyezi noma uphawu lombuzo kufayela1, i-FC izothatha wonke amafayela afana naleyo phethini bese iwaqhathanisa nefayela noma iphethini echazwe njengefayela2. Futhi uma usebenzisa i-wildcard kufayela2, ithuluzi lizosebenzisa igama lefayela elilinganayo1 ukuqedela iphethini esele bese usungula amabhangqa okufanele aqhathaniswe.

Ekugcineni, i-modifier /? Akuyona ingxenye yokuqhathanisa kanjalo, kodwa kunalokho kusebenza bonisa usizo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lomyalo ngesixwayiso somyalo. Sebenzisa fc /? Kuyindlela eshesha kakhulu yokubuyekeza i-syntax kukhompyutha yakho, njalo ngolimi lokufakwa kwe-Windows yakho.

Indlela i-FC ekhombisa ngayo umehluko phakathi kwamafayela

Ifomethi yokukhipha enikezwa yi-FC iyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi senzani. Ukuqhathaniswa kombhalo we-ASCII/Unicode noma a ukuqhathanisa okubiliUkuqonda le fomethi kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde imiphumela ngokushesha futhi uthole ulwazi oludingayo.

Ekuqhathaniseni okujwayelekile kwe-ASCII, ngemva kokusebenzisa umyalo, i-FC ivame ukubonisa owokuqala igama lefayela lokuqala, kulandelwe imigqa evela kulelo fayela ehlukile kweyesibili. Bese kuvela i- umugqa wokuqala ophinde uqondane kuwo womabili amafayela, asebenza njengendawo yokuvumelanisa kabusha. Bese isakhiwo siphindaphindwa nefayela lesibili: igama lalo, imigqa ehlukene, kanye nomugqa wokuqala olandelayo wokufanisa.

Uma usebenzisa imodi ye-binary nge /BKodwa-ke, izinto ziyashintsha: ukungafani ngakunye kwethulwa nge-syntax yalolu hlobo: \<XXXXXXXX: YY ZZ>. Inani UXXXXXX Ikheli eliyi-hexadecimal elihlobene (eliqala ngo-00000000) elibonisa indawo lapho kutholakale khona i-byte pair ehlukile. Eceleni kwayo kuboniswe YY y ZZ, okuyinani le-hexadecimal lama-byte angalingani angowefayela1 kanye nefayela2 ngokulandelana.

Uma ukuqhathanisa okubili kufinyelela ekugcineni kwelinye lamafayela kanti elinye lisaqukethe idatha, i-FC izobonisa ukuthi elinye lamafayela lide kunelinyeKodwa-ke, uma ngemva kokuhlaziya konke okuqukethwe kungawuboni umehluko, umlayezo onjengalona uzovela esikrinini. FC: no differences encountered, noma okulingana nayo kwendawo, okwenza kucace ukuthi womabili amafayela afana.

Kumodi ye-ASCII, i-FC ithembele ku- i-buffer yangaphakathi yemigqa eyi-100 (ngaphandle kokuthi uyishintshe nge-/LBn) ukuze ifundwe futhi ifaniswe ngamabhulokhi. Uma amafayela ehluke kakhulu kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukuthola ukufana ngaphakathi kwalelo bhulokhi, izobonisa umlayezo othi "I-Resynch yehlulekile. Amafayela ahluke kakhulu.", okubonisa ukuthi ayikwazanga ukuqondisa kabusha ukulandelana kombhalo okubili ngendlela enengqondo.

Amakhodi okuphuma komyalo we-FC

Ngale kombhalo owubonayo esikrinini, i-executable i-fc.exe ibuyisela ikhodi yokuphuma ohlelweni lokusebenza uma luphela. Le khodi ibaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-FC ngaphakathi kwezikripthi ze-batch noma ezenzakalelayo, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe kumphumela wokuqhathanisa ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ngesandla umbhalo obuyiselwe.

Ithebula lekhodi yokuphuma lilula kakhulu futhi lihlala linjalo:

• 0 – Amafayela aqhathaniswayo yilawa efanayoAkukho mehluko kokuqukethwe okutholakele.
• 1 – Amafayela akhona ehlukileKukhona okungenani umehluko owodwa phakathi kwefayela1 nefayela2.
• 2 – A iphutha ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisaKungase kuhlobane nezimvume, amafayela angafinyeleleki, izinkinga zokufunda, noma amapharamitha angavumelekile.

Kufayela le-batch lapho ufuna ukuqinisekisa izinguquko, ungasebenzisa lawa makhodi anemiyalo efana ne- UMA KUPHUTHA noma ukwakheka okufanayo, ukuze iskripthi sisebenze ngandlela thile kuye ngokuthi amafayela ayahambisana noma cha.

Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zokusetshenziswa kwe-FC

Uma le mbono isiqondwa, into ewusizo kakhulu ongayenza ukubona imiyalo ethile ongayisebenzisa Lezi zibonelo zisetshenziswa ekuqhathaniseni amafayela kwansuku zonke ku-Windows. Zisekelwe ngqo kumadokhumenti asemthethweni kanye nosizo lwe-Windows.

Qhathanisa amafayela amabili ombhalo kumodi ye-ASCII

Ake sithi unemibiko emibili, nyanga zonke.rpt y ukuthengisa.rptFuthi ufuna ukubona ukuthi zihluke kanjani, kodwa ngaphandle kokucindezela isikrini sakho ngemigqa. Ungasebenzisa:

fc /a monthly.rpt sales.rpt

Ngenketho ethi /A, i-FC izobonisa kuphela imigqa yokuqala neyokugcina yebhulokhi ngayinye yomehlukookwenza umphumela ufundeke kalula uma izinguquko zibanzi.

Qhathanisa amafayela amabili (isb., izikripthi ze-batch)

Uma into oyithandayo ukuhlola izinguquko zezinga le-byte kumafayela amabili e-batch, ake sithi inzuzo.bat y i-earnings.batKungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa imodi ye-binary:

fc /b profits.bat earnings.bat

Uma kukhona umehluko, uzobona into efana nemigqa eminingana enamakheli ahlukene e-hexadecimal kanye nama-byte pair. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafayela amabili afana ngo-100%, i-FC izobuyisa umlayezo obonisa ukuthi Akukho mehluko otholiwe ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisa.

Qhathanisa wonke amafayela e-.bat nefayela elibhekisela kulo

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa amafayela amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa nenguqulo entsha esebenza njengethempulethi. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa ifayela ngalinye le-.bat kufolda yamanje ne i-new.batUngasebenzisa lo myalo:

fc *.bat new.bat

I-FC izodlula kuwo wonke amafayela e-.bat kufolda yamanje afana nephethini bese iwaqhathanisa ngalinye nefayela le-new.bat, ikubonise umehluko phakathi kwepheya ngalinye.

Qhathanisa amafayela anegama elifanayo kuma-drive ahlukene

Esinye isimo esivamile ukuhlola ukuthi amafayela aku-drive C kanye ne-drive D ayahambisana yini, isibonelo, uma uqinisekisa ikhophi yasenqolobaneni. Ukuze uqhathanise wonke amafayela e-.bat kufolda yempande ye-C: kanye namafayela afana nawo ku-D:, ungathayipha:

fc c:\*.bat d:\*.bat

Kulesi simo, i-FC izoqhathanisa ifayela ngalinye le-batch ku-C: root nefayela elinalo igama elifanayo empandeni ka-D:Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa ifayela elithile kuphela, kuzodingeka umane ucacise igama esikhundleni se-wildcard *.bat.

Ukusebenzisa i-FC kukhonsoli ye-Windows naku-PowerShell

I-console yomyalo ye-Windows yakudala, eyaziwa ngokuthi I-CMDInikeza indawo ekahle yokusebenzisa umyalo we-FC, kodwa ungayisebenzisa futhi kusuka ku-PowerShell ngomehluko omncane. Ku-CMD, vele uvule iwindi (isibonelo, ngokuthayipha cmd kumenyu ethi Qala) bese ulandela imiyalo njengoba kuboniswe ezibonelweni zangaphambilini.

Ku-PowerShell, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-fc iyi-alias ye-Format-Custom cmdletUkuze ugweme izingxabano futhi uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa i-Windows file comparator yakudala, kufanele uthayiphe fc.exe esikhundleni sokumane fcKusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-syntax yepharamitha ihlala ifana ne-CMD.

Abasebenzisi abaningi bahlanganisa i-FC neminye imiyalo evamile yekhonsoli, njenge CD (ukushintsha amafolda), I-DIR (ukufaka ohlwini okuqukethwe kwesikhombisi), ESIHLAHLENI (ukuze ubuke umuthi wefolda engaphansi), HLELA o QAMBA KABUSHA (yokuhambisa noma ukuqamba kabusha amafayela), kanye nezinsiza ezifana THOLA ukusesha izintambo zombhalo ngaphakathi kwefayela elilodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa i-FC kuma-script ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu enza ama-backups, avumelanise iziqondisi, noma aqinisekise amafayela okucushwa azikashintshwa maqondana nethempulethi yokuqala, sisebenzisa kokubili amakhodi okuphuma kanye nezinketho ezithile zokuqhathanisa.

Izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa ze-FC ezilula kanye nezinketho ezisetshenziswa njalo

Kwezinye izinto zokuqeqesha noma amanothi ekilasini, kuvamile ukuthola inguqulo elula ye-syntax, eqokomisa kuphela izinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, isifinyezo esivame kakhulu yilesi:

fc archivo1 archivo2

Kulesi simo, u-/b ukhombisa u-a ukuqhathanisa okubiliUma kushiywe ngaphandle, ukuqhathanisa kuthathwa njengohlobo lombhalo (i-ASCII ngokuzenzakalelayo noma i-Unicode uma i-/U icacisiwe). Ifayela1 kanye nefayela2 zihlala zingamagama amafayela ofuna ukuwaqhathanisa.

Izifinyezo eziningi zibala okulandelayo njengezinketho ezibalulekile: /b yokuqhathanisa i-byte-byte, /l yokuqhathanisa umugqa nomugqa, /c yokuqhathanisa okungenandaba nobukhulu becala, kanye /s yokuqhathanisa ama-subdirectory aphindaphindwayoKufanele kucaciswe ukuthi inketho ethi /s ayiyona ingxenye ye-syntax esemthethweni ye-FC ku-Windows (ngokuvamile ingeyeminye imiyalo), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngezikimu zokuqhathanisa amafayela ezijwayelekile noma kumanothi ahlanganisa imiyalo ehlukene.

Kunoma ikuphi, sebenzisa njalo usizo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lwe fc /? futhi imibhalo esemthethweni izoqinisekisa ukuthi unayo uhlu olufanele lwamapharamitha enguqulo yakho ye-Windowsngaphandle kokudideka izinketho ezivela kweminye imiyalo nalezo ze-FC.

Njengoba kunikezwe lonke ulwazi olungenhla, umyalo we-FC uziveza njengethuluzi eliphelele ngokumangalisayo kunoma ubani odinga ukuhlola izinguquko phakathi kwamafayela ku-Windows: ikuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise umbhalo, i-Unicode noma imodi ye-binary, ulungise indlela izikhala, izinhlamvu ezinkulu namathebhu aphathwa ngayo, uphathe amafayela ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ulawule i-buffer futhi uvumelanise kabusha, uhumushe amakhodi okuphuma kumaskripthi futhi usebenze ngamaphethini namakhadi asendle kuwo wonke amafayela, konke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle kanye nokusebenzisa insizakalo ehlanganiswe ohlelweni lokusebenza uqobo.