I-Boot Trace in Windows 11: Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuhlaziya izinqubo ze-boot

Uma yakho Windows 11 ikhompuyutha ithatha unomphela ukuqalisa, noma ubona ukuthi ngemva kokungena, ideskithophu iba yiqhwa isikhashana, kungase kube isikhathi sokwenza... Ukulandelela okugcwele kwe-bootAkuwona umlingo omnyama: imayelana nokurekhoda ngokuningiliziwe lokho okwenziwa isistimu yokusebenza, abashayeli bayo, nezinhlelo ezithile kusukela lapho ucindezela inkinobho yamandla uze uqale ukusebenza ngendlela evamile.

Uhlelo ngokwalo luhlanganisa amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okurekhoda lolu lwazi, kodwa afihlekile futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo akuhlali obala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge el tiempo Iyagcwala Udoti wedijithali: izinhlelo zokuqalisa, amakhukhi, amafayela esikhashana, nezinsalela zezibuyekezo okungasizi ncamashi ngesikhathi sokuqalisa esisheshayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobona ukuthi singathwebula kanjani i-Boot Trace ku-Windows 11 nge-Windows Performance Recorder, yimaphi amaseshini okulandela umkhondo afana nokudlala kwe-logger yomhlaba, nokuthi yiziphi izilungiselelo ezengeziwe ongazisebenzisa ukuze unciphise ukuphahlazeka lapho ucisha noma uqala kabusha.

Iyini i-Boot Trace ku-Windows 11 futhi isetshenziselwa ini?

I-Boot Trace ku Windows 11 ngokuyisisekelo i-a irekhodi elinemininingwane kakhulu lenqubo yokuqalisaIWindows inezingxenye zangaphakathi zokulandelela isofthiwe ezikwazi ukurekhoda ukuthi i-kernel yenzani, yiziphi izishayeli ezilayishwayo, yiziphi izinsizakalo eziqalayo, nokuthi abanye abahlinzeki bemicimbi baziphatha kanjani phakathi nezigaba zokuqalisa ezihlukahlukene.

Lonke lo mshini uncike kuwo Ukulandelela Umcimbi we-Windows (ETW)Lobu ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela umcimbi iMicrosoft eyisebenzise iminyaka ukuxilonga izinkinga zokusebenza. Esikhundleni sokufaka amathuluzi angaphandle angajwayelekile, yenza kusebenze izikhathi ezikhethekile zokulandelela ezirekhoda imicimbi kufayela lokungena, ngokuvamile ngesandiso esithi .etl, esibuye sihlaziywe ngamathuluzi athile.

Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulandelela. Enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu ukuthembela ku- iseshini yokulandelela isibhalisi somhlaba jikeleleLe seshini iqala ekuqaleni kwenqubo futhi ivumela ulwazi olubalulekile ukuthi luthwetshulwe nangaphambi kokuba amasevisi amaningi aqale. Nokho, le seshini inemikhawulo ebalulekile (njengenombolo yabahlinzeki abasebenzayo ngesikhathi esisodwa noma usayizi webhafa), ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyiqonda kahle ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ngokungakhethi.

Ubuhle be-Boot Trace ukuthi ayikutsheli nje ukuthi "i-PC yakho ithatha imizuzwana engama-80 ukuqalisa," kodwa ikukhombisa ngqo. Imuphi umshayeli, isevisi, noma uhlelo lokusebenza olubambezela ukuqalisa?, uma kunezingqinamba zediski, uma i-Explorer ithatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha ngemva kokungena ngemvume, noma uma isofthiwe ethile yenkampani yangaphandle ivimba ukuvala shaqa noma iqala kabusha.

Amathuluzi adingekayo: I-Windows ADK ne-Windows Performance Toolkit

Ukuthwebula i-Boot Trace yesimanje Windows 11, inketho enconyiwe ukusebenzisa i I-Windows Performance Recorder (WPR), okuyingxenye ye I-Windows Performance Toolkit (WPT)Lokhu, nakho, kufakwe phakathi kwe-Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit, eyaziwa kangcono nge-Windows ADK.

I-ADK ilandwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Microsoft kusetshenziswa i izindlela zokulanda ezibuyekeziwe ngokuvamile aqoqwe ngaphansi kwesixhumanisi esifushane esithi http://aka.ms/adk. Ezimweni ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi noma lapho ufuna ukugcina isifaki, iMicrosoft iphinde inikeze inguqulo engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ngokwesibonelo i-ADK 21H2 ehambisanayo Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11, ongayithola njengephakheji eliphelele elilandekayo.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-ADK, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma ufuna kuphela ukusebenza nge-Boot Traces nokuhlaziya ukusebenza, ukhethe isici kuphela. I-Windows Performance ToolkitIsifaki sihlanganisa amathuluzi amaningi okuhlola, okuthunyelwa, nawokuhlola ongawadingi kulesi simo, ukuze ukwazi ukuwashiya angakhethiwe ukuze wonge isikhala nesikhathi.

Uma ukulanda nokufaka sekuqediwe, okusebenzisekayo kwe-WPT kuzovamise ukuvela endleleni C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Windows Performance ToolkitNgaphakathi kwaleyo folda uzothola, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-WPR.exe (irekhodi), i-WPA.exe (i-analyzer), nezinsiza ezifana ne-XPerf. Kuyinto evamile ukwenza isinqamuleli se-WPR kudeskithophu ukuze ungadingi ukuzulazula kumafolda njalo.

Kwezinye izimo, konke okuqukethwe kuleyo folda kucindezela kufayela le-ZIP futhi lisatshalaliswe ngaphakathi, ukuze ukwazi Qalisa i-WPR ne-WPA ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha yonke i-ADK emshinini ngamunye. Vele ukhiphe iphakheji kunoma iyiphi indawo futhi uqalise amathuluzi kusukela lapho, njalo izimvume ezanele.

Ungayakha kanjani i-Boot Trace nge-Windows Performance Recorder ku-Windows 11

Ukuthwebula i-Boot Trace yangempela Windows 11 nge-WPR, isinyathelo sokuqala ukugijima I-WPR.exe enamalungelo omlawuliUngakwenza lokhu kusuka kumenyu yokuqala ngokuthayipha "I-Windows Performance Recorder", uchofoze kwesokudla bese ukhetha okuthi "Run as administrator", noma ukwethula okufezekayo ngqo kufolda yekhithi yamathuluzi ngokuchofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha inketho efanayo.

Lapho ivula, i-WPR ibonisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esilula esinezilungiselelo ezimbalwa ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngenhloso yethu yisimo sokusebenza esibizwa BootLesi simo sesivele sisethelwe ukurekhoda imininingwane yokhiye yokuqalisa: i-kernel, idiski, i-CPU, izishayeli, amasevisi, nomsebenzi ngemva kokungena ngemvume.

Indlela elula kakhulu imvamisa ukushiya ezinye izinketho njengoba zinjalo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle uma unesizathu esicacile sokuzishintsha. I-WPR ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise, isibonelo, izinga lemininingwane (ukukhanya, okuningiliziwe, njll.), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izitaki zekholi ziqoqwa, kanye neminye imingcele ethuthukisiwe, kodwa ekuxilongweni okuningi kwe-boot, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zanele. ukumisa okunconyiwe ngethuluzi ngokwalo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulandelela, i-WPR izokucela ukuthi ukhethe i indawo yokugcina ifayela le-ETL okuzoqukatha umkhondo. Kuyatuseka ukukhetha idrayivu enendawo yamahhala eyanele futhi ugweme izindlela zenethiwekhi ezihamba kancane. Inikeze igama elichazayo, into efana nokuthi "BootTrace_W11_DateTime.etl", ukuze ungakuhlanganisi nokunye ukuhlola ozokwenza kamuva.

Uma uchofoza "Qala", uhlelo luzokwazisa ukuthi ludinga ukuqala kabusha ikhompuyutha ukuze luqale ukuthwebula idatha yokuqalisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, I-Windows izovala futhi iqale kabusha, irekhoda yonke inqubo ngokuningiliziwe.Udinga nje ukuyivumela ukuthi iqale kabusha, bese ungena ngendlela obuvame ukungena ngayo.

Ngemva kokungena ngemvume, I-Windows Performance Recorder izoqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa. Uzobona iwindi elincane elibonisa ukuthi ithuluzi liqoqa idatha kanye nesibali sikhathi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile ilinda cishe imizuzu emibili ukuvumela i-Windows Explorer kanye nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi yangemva kokuqalisa ukuthi iqedele ukulayisha, okusiza futhi ukuhlonza izinkinga phakathi nesigaba sokungena futhi hhayi nje phakathi ne-boot ehlanzekile.

Lapho leso sibali-sikhathi siqeda, i-WPR imisa iseshini yokulandelela, ibhala umkhondo wefayela le-ETL endleleni oyikhethile, futhi ibonise umlayezo oqinisekisa ukuthi umkhondo wokuqalisa ulondolozwe ngempumelelo. Ukusuka lapho, ungakwazi... Vula umkhondo ngeWindows Performance Analyzer ukufunda, ngokuningiliziwe, yiziphi izingxenye zokuqalisa ezidla isikhathi esiningi noma izinsiza.

Ukuqapha okuthuthukile ngesikhathi sokuqalisa: iseshini yokugawula umhlaba wonke kanye ne-ETW

Ngemuva kwe-Windows Performance Recorder kunesistimu yokulandela ye-ETW (Event Tracing for Windows), ekuvumela ukuthi unike amandla okuhlukile. amaseshini okulandelela eqoqa imicimbi ezingxenyeni ezithile: i-kernel, izishayeli zedivayisi, amasevisi esistimu, nabanye abahlinzeki abakhethekile.

Enye yamaseshini akhethekile yilena okuthiwa iseshini yokulandelela isibhalisi somhlaba jikelele (Global Logger Session). Le seshini ingalungiselelwa ukuthi isebenze kusenesikhathi phakathi nokuqaliswa kwesistimu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zonke izinsiza ezivamile zilayishwe, okuyenza ibe wusizo kakhulu uma ufuna ukuthwebula ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga ezenzeka ezigabeni zokuqala zokuqalwa kabusha.

Kodwa-ke, umbhalisi womhlaba wonke unemikhawulo embalwa okufanele icatshangelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, inombolo yabahlinzeki be-ETW engenziwa isebenze kanyekanye Kuleyo seshini, usayizi webhafa mncane, futhi kukhona nemikhawulo enanini ledatha engakwazi ukuyiphatha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imicimbi. Uma usebenzisa abahlinzeki abaningi kakhulu noma ulungisa kabi amapharamitha, ungagcina ukhiqize ukulandelelwa okungaphelele noma okungaphelele.

Ngalesi sizathu, iMicrosoft incoma ukuthi ucace kakhulu ngalokho ofuna ukukuphenya ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-glogger yomhlaba. Uma udinga kuphela ukuthwebula umkhondo webhuthi ojwayelekile ukukala ukusebenza, isimo sokuqalisa se-WPR esijwayelekile, esesivele sihlanganisa abahlinzeki be-kernel nabashayeli abafaneleka kakhulu ngaphandle kokungena ekucushweni okunolaka ngokweqile.

Ezimweni ezithuthuke kakhulu, kungase kube nengqondo ukulungisa izikhathi ze-ETW ngesandla noma ngemibhalo, isibonelo Nika amandla abahlinzeki abathile bomshayeli oshayisanayo noma isofthiwe ethile ebalulekile evela eceleniNoma kunjalo, abalawuli abaningi nochwepheshe bosekelo baphatha kahle kakhulu besebenzisa ukulungiselelwa okuza ne-WPR ngaphandle kokudinga ukungena emininingwaneni ye-ETW.

I-Junk ekuqaleni: izinhlelo zokuqalisa namafayela esikhashana

Ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo nokuhlaziya, empilweni yangempela esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezinkinga zokuqalisa kancane Windows 11 inombolo engenangqondo yezinhlelo ezilayisha ngokuzenzakalelayo ekuqaleniPhakathi kwesistimu ngokwayo, umkhiqizi we-PC, nezinsiza ze hardwareNgamagumbi okuvikela, amaklayenti okuthumela imilayezo, iziqalisi zegeyimu, nokuningi, kulula ngohlu lwesiphathi sokuqalisa ukuthi luchichime isikrini.

Kumakhompyutha amaningi amasha, umsebenzisi uqedela ukusetha kokuqala abese ekhohlwa ngakho. Abavamile ukuvula Umphathi Womsebenzi ukuhlola ukuthi yini eqala ngeWindows, noma abazi nokuthi ithebhu Yokuqalisa ikhona. Umphumela uba ukuthi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ikhompuyutha ibonakala ihamba kancane kunosuku lokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba umuntu aqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka emshinini ocishe ube musha.

Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, zinqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amafayela esikhashana, amafayela e-.tmp, inqolobane yesiphequluli, .izinsalela zesibuyekezo esidala, kanye namalogi .logKonke lokhu okuqukethwe akuthathi nje isikhala sediski; kwezinye izimo kungaphazamisa izinqubo zokulungisa, izipele noma ukuskena kwe-antivirus, okuthinta ngokungaqondile izikhathi zokuqalisa nokuvala.

Uchwepheshe ofika ku-PC esebenza ngesivinini somnenke ngokuvamile uthola amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamafayela angenamsebenzi ahlakazeke ohlelweni lonkana. Nangaphambi kokuqala ukushuna kahle inqubo yokuqalisa nge-Boot Traces namanye amathuluzi, kuvamile ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku... sula amakhukhi wokulandela umkhondo, wesikhashana futhi I-malware ngamathuluzi athile anjenge-anti-spyware yamahhala, izihlanzi zediski, nokubuyekezwa okwenziwa ngesandla kwamafolda abalulekile.

Eqinisweni, akuvamile ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuhlanza ithathe amahora emishini eyonakele kakhulu: faka amathuluzi afaneleSkena, susa izinto ezingafuneki, bese uqala ukulungisa lonke uhlelo. Kuphela lapho amafayela odoti encishisiwe futhi izinhlelo zokuqalisa ezingadingekile zimisiwe lapho i-Boot Trace iqala ukubonisa idatha ewusizo ngempela yokulungisa kahle imizuzwana yokugcina yokuqala.

Ukuxilonga ukuvala shaqa bese uqala kabusha izinkinga ku-Windows 11

Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga eziholela ekucabangeni umkhondo we-boot azikhawulelwe ekuqaliseni. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi ikhompuyutha ibe nezinkinga. Kuthathe isikhathi eside ukucisha, noma ingaqedanga nokuyivula., ukuhlala unamathele esikrinini "Ukuvala shaqa" noma "Ukuqalisa kabusha" isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho umsebenzisi ethatha isinqamuleli futhi ecindezela inkinobho yamandla.

Lolo hlobo lokuziphatha ngokuvamile lubonisa ukuthi othile Ingxenye, isevisi, noma uhlelo luvimba inqubo yokuvala.I-Windows izama ukumisa ngokuhlelekile zonke izinsiza, yazise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivuliwe, futhi inqamule izinqubo zasemuva. Uma enye yalezi ingasabeli noma ilenga ngenkathi izama ukulondoloza idatha noma izinsiza zokukhulula, isistimu yonke ingase ishiywe ilinde impendulo engalokothi ifike.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuxilongeni nasekunciphiseni lezi zimo ukwenza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi a Hlanza ibhuthiAkukona ukufakwa okusha, noma a Imodi ephephilekodwa indlela yokuqalisa iWindows ngenhlanganisela encane yabashayeli bezinkampani zangaphandle nezinhlelo zokuqalisa, ukuhlola ukuthi inkinga ivela kokuthile okulayisha ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Inqubo evamile ihilela ukuvula ibhokisi lengxoxo elithi "Run" ngenhlanganisela yokhiye weWindows+R, ukuthayipha msconfig bese ucindezela u-Enter. Ewindini Lokucushwa Kwesistimu, khetha ithebhu ethi Okujwayelekile bese uhlola inketho ethi "Khetha ukuqalisa", ungahloli ibhokisi elithi "Layisha izinto zokuqalisa". Bese uye kuthebhu ethi Amasevisi, bese uhlola ibhokisi kuqala "Fihla wonke amasevisi e-Microsoft" (Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukukhubaza izinsiza zesistimu ezibucayi) bese uchofoza ku-"Khubaza konke" ukuze ukhubaze okwesikhashana izinsiza zezinkampani zangaphandle.

Ngemva kokwamukela nokuqalisa kabusha, iWindows izoqala ngesethi encane yamasevisi futhi ngaphandle kwezinhlelo eziningi zezinkampani zangaphandle ezilayishwa ekuqaleni. Ukusuka lapho, hlola ukuthi ukuvala shaqa noma izinkinga zokuqalisa kancane ziyaqhubeka yini. Uma zinyamalala, isinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo ukuvula kabusha amaqembu ezinsizakalo nezinhlelo ngayinye ngayinye uze uthole umthombo. isiphi isici esithile esibangela ukuvinjelwaKuyinqubo ethize enzima, kodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni ukuphazamiseka.

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi isiqalo esihlanzekile a indlela yokuxilongaLokhu akuhlosiwe njengendlela ehlala njalo yokusebenzisa isistimu, kodwa njengosizo ekuhlonzeni umthombo wokungqubuzana. Uma sekuxazululiwe, izinsizakalo ezidingekayo nezinto zokuqalisa zibuyiselwa kancane kancane, kushiye kuphela lezo eziye zafakazelwa ukuthi ziyinkinga noma ezingabalulekile zikhutshaziwe.