Yini i-Out-of-band (OOB) ku-Windows Updates?

I-Out-of-band (OOB) igama elithi ku-Microsoft ecosystem livame ukuhlotshaniswa nezibuyekezo eziphuthumayo ezikhishwe ngaphandle kweshejuli evamile., kodwa futhi ivela kwezinye izimo zobuchwepheshe (ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okukude, ukusatshalaliswa kwephakheji ku-.NET, nokuxhumana kwesokhethi). Uma uke wabona izinkomba ze-OOB futhi wadideka, awuwedwa.: Incazelo iyashintsha kuye ngendawo futhi kubalulekile ukuyihlukanisa ngokucacile.

Emkhakheni wokuvuselelwa kweWindows, isibuyekezo se-OOB siyisiqephu esisodwa esikhishwa yiMicrosoft ukulungisa iziphazamisi ezibucayi noma ukuhlehla kwakamuva., ngaphandle kokulinda "i-patch Tuesday" evamile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje sibone i-OOB yokuxazulula izinkinga ngayo i-VPN, izilawuli zesizinda, ukuxhawula kwe-SSL/TLS, amaphutha lapho usetha kabusha ikhompuyutha, nokunye ukwehluleka okukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ku-.NET, sikhuluma "ngezinguqulo ezingaphandle kwe-band" zamalabhulali asakazwa nge-NuGet, ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi, kukhona "Ukuphathwa Kwe-Out-of-Band" (OOBM), futhi kumasokhethi we-TCP, "idatha engaphandle kwe-band" ichaza isiteshi esiphuthumayo esihambisana nokugeleza okuvamile.

Kusho ukuthini ukuphuma kwebhendi kuzibuyekezo zeWindows?

Isibuyekezo se-OOB ku-Windows siyisiqephu esikhishwa ngokukhethekile ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga ezingakwazi ukulinda. kugagasi elilandelayo lanyanga zonke. I-Microsoft iyazisebenzisa uma kunezinkinga ezithinta ukuxhumana, ukuzinza, ukuphepha, noma amandla okwenza ukutakula kwesistimu, futhi okubalulekile kubo ukubuyisela izinto kwesejwayelekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwale OOB kuyehluka: Kwesinye isikhathi zivela njengesibuyekezo ozikhethela sona ku-Windows Update, nezinye izikhathi zishicilelwa ku-Microsoft Update Catalogue ukuze zilandwe mathupha. Kungase futhi kube khona kokubili amaphakheji azimele kanye neqoqo., ukuze isifaki esisodwa sihlanganise nokulungiswa kwangaphambilini kanye nesixazululo esisha.

Kubasebenzisi basekhaya, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuthi i-Windows Update isebenze futhi iphoqelele ukusesha kwezibuyekezo.. Ezimweni zobungcweti kuyanconywa ukuthi uqale uqinisekise eqenjini lomshayeli, ikakhulukazi uma i-OOB ingahlobene nezokuphepha futhi kukhona ukuncika kwebhizinisi okubucayi. Imibhalo ye-Microsoft iyashintsha kanye nemiphumela emibi eyaziwayo, ngakho-ke ukuhlola i-Windows Message Center namanothi okukhululwa kubalulekile.

Ezimweni ezithile, iMicrosoft ibone imiphumela engemihle ngemuva kokufaka i-OOB (isibonelo, izinkinga zomsindo ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukuziphatha okungalindelekile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza), futhi incoma ukuwabika nge-Feedback Hub kanye nokulandela izaziso ezisemthethweniIbhalansi ilele ekuxazululeni ngokushesha inkinga ebucayi ngaphandle kokwethula ezinye, okudinga ngezinye izikhathi ukuphindaphinda ngeziqephu ezengeziwe.

Izimo zangempela: Izixazululo Zangaphandle Kwekhaya (OOB) zezinkinga ezibucayi zeWindows

Isibonelo esiphawulekayo senzeke ngoJanuwari 17, 2022., ngenkathi iMicrosoft yethula Izibuyekezo ezingaphandle kwebhokisi zokubhekana nezinkinga zokuxhuma kwe-VPN, kungena kabusha okungalindelekile Izilawuli zesizinda se-Windows Server, amaphutha we ibhuthini en imishini engokoqobo y ifaka imidiya ye-ReFSLokhu kulungiswa kukhishwe njengezibuyekezo ozikhethela ku-Windows Update ezinguqulweni eziningi:

• Windows 11, inguqulo 21H1 (ukukhishwa kwangempela): KB5010795
• I-Windows Server 2022: KB5010796
• Windows 10, inguqulo 21H2: KB5010793
• Windows 10, inguqulo 21H1: KB5010793
• Windows 10, inguqulo 20H2; I-Windows Server, inguqulo 20H2: KB5010793
• Windows 10, inguqulo 20H1; I-Windows Server, inguqulo 20H1: KB5010793
• Windows 10, inguqulo 1909; I-Windows Server, inguqulo 1909: KB5010792
• Windows 10, inguqulo 1607; I-Windows Server 2016: KB5010790
• Windows 10, inguqulo 1507: KB5010789
• Windows 7 I-SP1: KB5010798
• I-Windows Server 2008 SP2: KB5010799
• IWindows 8.1; I-Windows Server 2012 R2: KB5010794
• I-Windows Server 2012: KB5010797

Lelo qoqo liphendule ezehlakalweni ezinomthelela oqondile ekuqhubekeni komsebenzi., ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani. Isincomo bekuwukuvuselela imishini ethintekile ngokushesha okukhulu. futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukubuyekezwa okuzenzakalelayo kunikwe amandla lapho kufanele khona.

Esinye isiqephu esiphawulekayo kwakuyi-OOB yokulungisa amaphutha okuxhawulana ku-SSL/TLS ngemuva kweziqephu zika-Okthoba 2022, ezingadala amaphutha SEC_E_ILLEGAL_MESSAGE kumaklayenti namaseva. I-Microsoft ichaze ukuthi okunye ukuxhumana kungathola irekhodi elilodwa noma amaningi kubhafa eyodwa elandelwa irekhodi eliyingxenye elingaphansi kwamabhayithi angu-5., ukucupha inkinga kumabhethri athile nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Izinguqulo ezithintekile zifaka izinhlelo eziningi ze-Windows 11 kanye ne-Windows 10., enamaphakheji afana ne-KB5018427, KB5018418, KB5020387, KB5020435 namanye, kanye nama-KB e-Windows 8.1 kanye ne-Windows 7 SP1. Amanye alawo ma-OOB atholwe nge-Windows Update ngokuzenzakalelayo.ngenkathi Abanye babedinga ukulandwa mathupha kukhathalogi ye-Microsoft UpdateKwabikwa ukuthi Amanye amadivayisi angase abe nezinkinga zomsindo ngemva kokufaka ukulungisa, umphumela iMicrosoft eqhubekile nokuwuphenya.

Isibuyekezo esingaphandle kwebhokisi samaphutha okuthola kabusha ngo-Agasti 2025

Ngo-Agasti 2025, iMicrosoft yavuma ukwehluleka komthelela omkhulu lapho izama ukusetha kabusha amakhompyutha. ngemva kokufaka izibuyekezo zokuphepha zanyanga zonke. Ukusetha kabusha i-PC kungase kuhluleke futhi, kwezinye izimo, kufake engozini ukutholwa kwedatha yesistimu., ethinta abasebenzisi nezingcweti abasebenzisa i-RemoteWipe ekusetshenzisweni okuphethwe.

Inkampani ikhiphe isibuyekezo se-OOB esinqwabelene esingavikelekile ukuze silungise inkinga. Kwethulwe isibuyekezo sika-Agasti 2025 (KB5063874). Kuboniswe ukuthi iphinde yahlanganisa ukuthuthuka okuvela ku-KB5063874 ngokwayo., ukugwema ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo zangaphambilini ngaphambi kokuyifaka.

Izinguqulo eziboniswe emibikweni yomonakalo kuhlanganisiwe I-Windows 10 22H2, I-Windows Enterprise LTSC 2021, Windows 10 IoT I-Enterprise LTSC 2021 (KB5063709), Windows 11 22H2 kanye 23H2 (KB5063875) kanye ne-Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019; Windows 10 I-IoT Enterprise LTSC 2019 (KB5063877). I-Windows 11 24H2 Kwakuhlukile kakhulu, njengoba ingathinteki kulokhu kwehluleka okuqondile.

Kuphinde kwaba nemibiko yezinkinga ezingaba khona ngokudluliswa kwamafayela amakhulu. I-SSD ixhunywe ku-KB5063878, nakuba Akuzange kuqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ngabe kusetshenzwa yini isisombululo esithile. ngalokho kuziphatha. Noma kunjalo, Isincomo esijwayelekile bekuwukusebenzisa i-OOB yokulungisa nokuqapha ezokuxhumana ezisemthethweni ze-Microsoft zanoma yiziphi iziqephu ezengeziwe.

Imikhuba ehamba phambili uma usebenzisa izibuyekezo ze-OOB

Uma ungumsebenzisi wasekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi i-Windows Update iyasebenza futhi wenze ukuhlola okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze uthole izibuyekezo. lapho iMicrosoft ikhipha i-OOB. Ezimweni eziningi zifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma zivele njengokuthi “uyazikhethela”, kuye ngohlobo lwesichibi kanye nenguqulo ye-Windows.

Ezinhlanganweni, hlola kuqala emasongweni alawulwayo kanye nezinguquko zedokhumenti. Amanye ama-OOB aku-Microsoft Update Catalogue kuphela futhi zidinga ukufakwa mathupha noma ngamathuluzi akho okuphatha. Hlola imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo kanye nesimo sezempilo se-Windows ebhodini lemilayezo elisemthethweni. ukulungisa iwindi lakho lokulungisa. Ireferensi ewusizo: I-Windows Message Center.

Uma i-OOB iqondise amanethiwekhi, izilawuli zesizinda, noma ukubethela, kusho ingozi enkulu yokusebenza uma ingalungiswa ngokushesha. Ikala umthelela wokuqhubeka nesigameko ngokumelene nengcuphe yokwethula ukuhlehla okuncane lapho kubuyekezwa. Ngokuvamile, amapeshi angaphandle kwebhokisi aphendula ezimeni eziphuthumayo ezigunyaza ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha.

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngemva kokufakwa (umsindo, Izinhlelo zokusebenza ukhonkolo, njll.), Ngena udaba ku-Feedback Hub futhi ubone ama-workaround iMicrosoft engase iyiphakamise ngenkathi kusalindelwe ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe. Gcina izipele futhi ubuyisele amaphuzu uma inqubomgomo yakho ye-IT ikuvumela.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwetemu elithi OOB okungase kukudide

Igama elithi OOB alibhekiseli ku-Windows Update njalo.. Kumadokhumenti e-Microsoft kanye ne-jargon yobuchwepheshe ivela futhi ngaphansi kwe-.NET, amanethiwekhi nokuxhumanaKubalulekile ukuwahlukanisa ukuze ungahlanganisi imiqondo noma izinqubo.

I-Out-of-band (OOB) ku-.NET: Amaphakheji angaphandle kwebhendi nezici

Ku-.NET Framework, "out of band" ikhomba izingxenye nokusebenza iMicrosoft ekukhipha ngaphandle komjikelezo wempilo wengxenyekazi.. Umgomo uwukusheshisa ukulethwa kwezithuthukisi ze-cross-platform noma ukwethula amakhono ngaphandle kokulinda ukukhishwa okukhulu. yoHlaka.

Lawa maphakheji we-OOB asatshalaliswa nge-NuGet, umphathi wephakheji we-.NET uhlanganiswe ku-Visual Studio kusukela ngo-2012. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lungabandakanya leyo mihlangano ngesifaki sayo., ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi umsebenzisi afake inguqulo yakamuva ephelele ye-.NET Framework kusistimu.

Ngiyengeza kanjani kusuka ku-Visual Studio? Kulula: Vula imenyu yokuqukethwe kwephrojekthi bese ukhetha "Phatha amaPhakheji we-NuGet"; kuphaneli engakwesokunxele khetha "Online", Yenza kusebenze izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala uma uzidinga, bese usesha iphakheji oyifunayo. Amaphakheji amaningi e-Microsoft asemthethweni aqashelwa uphawu lwe-.NET kanye nomhleli we-Microsoft.Uma uhlanganisa futhi uphakela, izinhlangano ze-OOB zihamba nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Izinhlobo zezinguqulo: : kujwayelekile ukuthi iphakheji ye-OOB idlule izinguqulo zokuqala (imvamisa ayinakusabalaliswa kabusha, ukuhlolwa kanye nempendulo) kanye inguqulo ezinzile enelayisensi yokusabalalisa kabusha. I-Microsoft inikeza ukwesekwa, IntelliSense kanye nemibhalo amaphakheji azinzile, futhi kwezinye izimo shicilela ikhodi yomthomboUkuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva, ibhulogi yabo yezobuchwepheshe imemezela amaphakheji amasha noma abuyekeziwe.

Ukuphathwa Okungaphandle Kwebhendi (OOBM) kumanethiwekhi

Ukuphathwa Kwe-Out-of-Band kuyindlela evikelekile, ehlukile yokufinyelela amakhompyutha enethiwekhi namadivayisi ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-LAN yebhizinisi.. Kubalulekile uma inethiwekhi eyinhloko ihluleka noma lapho udinga ukungenelela ukude sengathi uxhumeke endaweni..

Amathuluzi esoftware asetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokuxazulula izinkinga ukude., kodwa kuncike ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi. Iseva yekhonsoli inikeza ukufinyelela kwe-OOBM ngokusekelwe ku hardware, namachweba USB, RS-232 noma i-Ethernet, ye Lungiselela kabusha, qalisa kabusha, noma cabanga kabusha amadivayisi noma yikuphi nanoma iyiphi inkundla, ukunciphisa el tiempo yokungasebenzi.

Uma uhlanganisa lawa maseva nenkundla yokuphatha emaphakathi emafini noma ku-prem, uthola Ifasitelana elilodwa lengilazi lokufinyelela okuphephile, ukuthunyelwa okukalayo, ukuhlela ukuhlela, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, ukuqapha, kanye nokuzenzakalela. Kuyindlela ewusizo ikakhulukazi ku izinkampani ezinkulu ezisatshalaliswa (ezamabhange, umshwalense, izibhedlela, izinsiza, okudayisa noma imfundo) ngaphandle kwabasebenzi be-IT abakusayithi.

Ku-NOC, amapulatifomu angcono kakhulu avumela ukugcinwa okuhleliwe okuzenzakalelayo, imishini yokusungula futhi uhlaziye ukusebenza, ukuqoqa izibalo kanye khiqiza imibiko evela kudatha ku-SQL, sebenzisa imibhalo ku ukuthunyelwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-firmware, nokusabalalisa kokucushwa, futhi nciphisa ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze konke kuhambe kahle.

Idatha ye-OOB kumasokhethi kanye ne-TCP: isiteshi esiphuma ngaphandle kokulandelana esiphuthumayo

Ekukhishweni kwamasokhethi okusakaza kunomqondo "wedatha engaphandle kwe-band": a isiteshi esizimele esinengqondo esihlotshaniswa nepheya yamasokhethi axhunyiwe evumela maka futhi ulethe idatha ekhethekile ngaphandle kokugeleza okujwayelekile. Amaphrothokholi afana ne-TCP ayisebenzisa njengedatha "ephuthumayo".

Ku-Windows Sockets ungabheka ukuthi ikhona yini idatha ye-OOB esalindile nge-ioctlsocket/WSAIoctl kanye ne-SIOCATMARK, bese unquma ukuthi uzozifunda kanjani. Uma ungayisebenzisi i-SO_OOBINLINE, uhlelo lokusebenza luthola izaziso ze-FD_OOB (nge-WSAAsyncSelect) noma isokhethi livela ngaphandle uma usebenzisa ukukhetha, futhi Ungafunda ibhulokhi ephuthumayo nge-MSG_OOB ngaphandle kokuxubana nokugeleza okuvamile.

Uma unika amandla i-SO_OOBINLINE, idatha ephuthumayo ihlanganiswa ngohlelo olulungile lokugeleza.. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-MSG_OOB Uma kunjalo, izaziso zifika sengathi ziyidatha evamile (FD_READ/readfds). Imikhawulo yamabhulokhi ephuthumayo iyahlonishwa, ngakho ukufundwa kuhlukanisa ngokucacile lokho okungaphambili, okuphuthumayo, nalokho okulandelayo.

Ku-TCP kunama-nuances omlando phakathi kwe-semantics ye-BSD nalokho okudingwa yi-RFC 1122: Ku-BSD i-pointer ephuthumayo ikhomba ibhayithi ngemva kokuphuthumayo, kuyilapho ku-RFC 1122 ikhomba kubhayithi ephuthumayo ngokwayo. Lokhu kungabangela ukusebenzisana okuyinkinga. uma isiphetho esisodwa sithatha imodeli eyodwa futhi enye ngokuphambene. Ngakho-ke, Akunconywa ukusebenzisa idatha ye-OOB ngaphandle uma kunesidingo. ukukhuluma nesevisi ekhona, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi Abahlinzeki babhala ama-semantics abo.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani uhlobo ngalunye lwe-OOB ngokwezidingo zakho

Uma inkinga yakho iyinkinga engathi sína ngemva kwesichibi se-Windows (i-VPN, i-SSL/TLS, ukusethwa kabusha kwe-PC), ubhekene Ukuvuselelwa kweWindows ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Thola i-KB ehambisanayo ku-Windows Update noma ku- Microsoft Update Catalog futhi usebenzise ipheshi ngokwenqubomgomo yakho.

Uma ungunjiniyela we-.NET futhi udinga i-API noma isithuthukisi esingekho ku-Base Framework, sikhuluma ngakho Amaphakheji we-OOB nge-NuGet. Zingeze kuphrojekthi yakho futhi usabalalise imihlangano ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngaphandle kokudinga Uhlaka lwakamuva oluvela kumsebenzisi.

Uma uphatha ingqalasizinda futhi udinga ukufinyelela lapho i-LAN iphansi, eyakho I-OOBM: Amaseva e-console kanye nenkundla emaphakathi yokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela, ukubonakala, nokuzenzakalela ngaphandle kokuthembela kunethiwekhi eyinhloko.

Uma ulungisa ukuxhumana noma uthuthuka ezingeni eliphansi ngamasokhethi, i-OOB isho idatha ephuthumayo ngaphandle kokugeleza ngezinketho ezifana SO_OOBINLINE, imikhiqizo efana FD_OOB, futhi ubiza njenge recv nge-MSG_OOB. Lungisa ukuziphatha ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi yakho nezidingo zokusebenzisana.

Igama elithi OOB lihlanganisa imiqondo ehlukene okungafanele ihlanganiswe.: I-Windows Update hotfixes, amaphakheji we-NET asakazwa nge-NuGet, ukuphathwa kwerimothi engaphandle kwe-band, kanye nedatha ebucayi ngesikhathi phezu kwamasokhethi. Ukuqonda umongo kuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokushesha izehlakalo ezibucayi, ukhethe isu elifanele lokusebenzisa, futhi ugweme ukudideka kobuchwepheshe. uma ufunda "Okungaphandle kwebhendi" kumadokhumenti noma amanothi okukhipha.