I-Windows Registry kanye ne-CPCEMU: Umhlahlandlela Wezobuchwepheshe, Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu, kanye Nezinganekwane

Uma usufikile lapha ngenxa yezinganekwane ezidumile ze "serial divisible by 7" Kumakhophi e-Windows 95 aphangisiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokubeka izinto esimweni: ngale kwamanga esikole esidala, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqonda izisekelo zobuchwepheshe nezomthetho ngemuva kwesistimu futhi uhlole izinketho eziphephile. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sifinyeze imibhalo ye-Microsoft ku-Registry, kanye nereferensi ephelele CPCEMU, ukuze ube nombono oqinile ngaphandle kokuwela emikhubeni emibi.

Eqinisweni, nsuku zonke ufunda okuthile okusha futhi lesi sihloko sinikeza okuningi: kusukela ekutheni i-Windows Registry ihlelwa kanjani, yiziphi izinhlobo zedatha ezisekelayo nokuthi kanjani. isipele futhi ubuyisele ngaphandle kokwesaba, ngisho nokucwiliswa ku-ecosystem ye-Amstrad CPC eyalingiswa, tricks ukulayisha, amadiski, amateyipu, izifinyezo, nokudlulisa idatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikwenza kucace ukuthi ukusebenzisa okhiye abangekho emthethweni akukhona nje kuphela ukonakala, kodwa kuhlanganisa nezingozi zobuchwepheshe nezomthetho ezifanele. gwema empandeni.

Iyini i-Windows Registry futhi isebenza kanjani?

I-Registry isebenza njenge-a i-hierarchical database ukuthi iWindows ihlale ixoxa ukuze yazi ukuthi ubani osebenzisa ikhompuyutha, yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe, izinhlobo zamafayela zivulwa kanjani, ini hardware ekhona futhi yiziphi izimbobo noma abashayeli uhlelo olusebenza nabo. Ithathele indawo yamafayela amaningi amadala we-.ini kusukela kuzinkathi ze-MS-DOS ne-Windows 3.x, futhi yagcinwa ezinhlelweni ezihlukene ze-Windows 95/98/ME, NT, 2000, XP, Server 2003 kanye ne-Vista, ngomehluko phakathi kwezinguqulo.

Isakhiwo sihlelwe saba izihlahla ezincane eziyinhloko ezifana ne-HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_USERS, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, kanye ne-HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG, ngayinye inenjongo yayo. Ku-NT/2000/XP/Server 2003/Vista, amakhophi asizayo ale mithi engaphansi ahlala %SystemRoot%\System32\Config, ngaphandle kwalezo eziku-HKEY_CURRENT_USER, ezise %SystemRoot%\Profiles\Username. Ku-Windows 98/ME, iRegistry ihlala kumafayela afana Umsebenzisi.dat, Uhlelo.dat nakiMI futhi Amakilasi.dat.

Ukukusiza ukuthi uyithole kangcono, nasi isifinyezo esimele izihlahla ezingezansi namafayela asizayo ngokujwayelekile ahlotshaniswa kuzindawo ze-NT/2000/XP/Server 2003/Vista. Akuyona imephu eqondile yazo zonke izinguqulo, kodwa ikunikeza umbono wokuthi yiziphi izidleke ezikhiqiza ukuthi yimaphi amafayela ayisipele kanye nama-backups awo. ukwakheka okujwayelekile:

I-Registry Subtree	Amafayela asizayo ajwayelekile
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM	Sam, Sam.log, Sam.sav
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Security	Ezokuphepha, Security.log, Security.sav
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software	Isoftware, iSoftware.log, Software.sav
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System	System, System.alt, System.log, System.sav
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG	System, System.alt, System.log, System.sav, Ntuser.dat, Ntuser.dat.log
HKEY_USERS\DEFAULT	Okuzenzakalelayo, Okuzenzakalelayo.log, Okuzenzakalelayo.sav

Okhiye abachazwe ngaphambilini benza izindima ezihlukene. Isibonelo, i-HKEY_CURRENT_USER iqukethe izilungiselelo zomsebenzisi ongene ngemvume; HKEY_USERS ihlanganisa amaphrofayili alayishiwe; I-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE ihlanganisa izilungiselelo zekhompyutha; I-HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT inikeza ukubuka okuhlanganisiwe kwamakilasi ku-HKLM\Software\Classes kanye HKCU\Software\ClassesNgezinguquko zomsebenzisi ngamunye, kungcono ukubhalela igatsha le-HKCU, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu, ku-HKLM, njengoba isinqamuleli esiya ku-HKCR siqondiswa kabusha ngokufanele.

Okhiye abasekelwayo, osayizi, nezinhlobo zedatha

Amagama angukhiye angaba nezinhlamvu ezifika ku-255 ubude, kuyilapho amagama amanani ehluka ngesistimu: ku-Windows XP/Server 2003/Vista afinyelela kuyo. Izinhlamvu eziyi-16.383, ngo-2000 kukhona 260 ANSI noma 16.383 Unicode futhi ku-Windows 95/98/ME ahlala ku-255. Amanani amade (ngaphezu kuka-2048 byte) ngokuvamile agcinwa njengamafayela angaphandle, kugcinwe isithenjwa kuRegistry, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza lapho uphatha idatha. bukhulu.

Ubukhulu besayizi yenani buncike ohlelweni: ku-NT/2000/XP/Server 2003/Vista inqunyelwe inkumbulo etholakalayo; ku-Windows 95/98/ME iseduze Amabhayithi we-16.300Lo mehluko ubalulekile uma uhambisa imibhalo emikhulu noma amafayela e-.reg phakathi kwezindawo ezinamakhono ahlukene.

Izinhlobo zedatha evamile zifaka i-REG_SZ (amayunithi ezinhlamvu obude obulungisiwe), REG_EXPAND_SZ (amayunithi ezinhlamvu anwebeka ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo), REG_MULTI_SZ (uhlu), REG_DWORD kanye ne-REG_QWORD (izinombolo ezingu-32/64-bit), kanye ne-REG_BINARY (idatha kanambambili eluhlaza). Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka i-REG_LINK (izixhumanisi eziwuphawu), REG_NONE, nalezo eziqondene nohlu lwezinsiza zesistimu, njenge REG_RESOURCE_LIST, REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST noma REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR.

Ithiphu eliwusizo: abashayeli abaningi nezinsizakalo zisebenzisa amanani e-REG_DWORD; izilungiselelo zokuhlanganisa ifayela ziphefumula emagatsheni ekilasi; kanye nemibiko eminingi yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ku-REG_BINARY ekhonjiswe ku-hexadecimal kusihleli, okuchaza ukuthi kungani uzobona i-hex yonke indawo ngedatha ebukeka "i-opaque" kodwa ehunyushwa uhlelo. ngokunemba.

Izipele, ukuhlela okunesibopho nokubuyisela

Ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yini, thekelisa izikhiye ozozilungisa noma, okungcono, yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni isimo sohlelo, okuhlanganisa i-Registry, i-COM+ class registry database namafayela ibhuthiniUma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngalesi sipele ungabuyela esimweni esinempilo. Ezinguqulweni zakudala, insiza Yokwenza Ikhophi Yasenqolobaneni ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule futhi ubuyisele leso simo kalula.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlela. Okutuswa kakhulu i-Windows interface (Iphaneli Yokulawula, Izinketho Zesistimu) ngoba inciphisa ubungozi; kuphela uma ingekho enye indlela lapho kunconywa ukuthi uhlele ngokwakho Regedit.exe noma Regedt32.exe. Inqubomgomo Yeqembu (Gpedit.msc), izinqubomgomo zesistimu, amafayela we-.reg, nemibhalo kuyasetshenziswa. Windows Iskripthi Host (VBScript, JScript), WMI, ngisho nethuluzi le-console Reg.exe. Ngayinye ilingana kangcono noma okubi kakhulu ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa (kwendawo noma isizinda) kanye nezinga lokuzenzakalela okufunayo.

Uma udinga ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-WMI kanye ne-CLI, i-Wmic.exe, ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde/ubhale okhiye namanani ezimeni zebhizinisi. .reg amafayela mahle ngezinguquko eziphindaphindwayo nezinenguqulo; khumbula ukuthi ukuwahlanganisa kungaqondisa kabusha uhlelo ku-HKCU noma ku-HKLM kuye ngendlela. Ezindaweni eziphethwe, i Inqubomgomo yeqembu imiyalo, njengoba ibeka ukucupha ngomsebenzisi ngamunye noma ithimba elinobubanzi obulawulwayo.

Ukuze uhlehlise ukulungiswa, vele ungenise kabusha i-.reg noma ubuyisele isimo sesistimu ekhophi. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi "kokubuyisela igatsha" kanye "nokusetha kabusha yonke iRegistry," ngoba okokuqala kubuyisela kuphela lokho oyithumele ngaphambilini; okwesibili, ubuyisela isidleke sonke kusifinyezo saso sokuqala, okuhlanganisa namanani ongazange uwathinte ngesandla.

Njengereferensi eyengeziwe, i-Microsoft igcine amakhathalogi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihloliwe ze-Windows Server nezisombululo ezifana ne-Data Protection Manager (DPM) ngaphakathi kweSikhungo Sesistimu, eyenze kube lula ukuvikeleka kwedatha okuqhubekayo nokutholwa ngokuhlanganisa idiski netheyiphu. Le ecosystem igcizelele ukuthi iRegistry ayikho endaweni engenalutho: iyingxenye yenethiwekhi yokuphepha, izipele, kanye Compatibilidad okufanele kuqondwe ngendlela yomhlaba wonke.

I-CPCEMU: Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo osuselwe emibhalweni yawo

I-CPCEMU ilingisa i-Amstrad CPC 464, 664 kanye ne-6128 (kanye nokunye okuhlukile), nokuhambisana okunwetshiwe, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kuma-PC esimanje nezici ezifana umsindo ngesipikha sangaphakathi, i-Sound Blaster, noma i-Gravis UltraSound, kanye ne-ROM enwetshiwe nokuphathwa kwe-RAM. Kuyindlela yokuvuselela isofthiwe yakudala enezinzuzo zendawo yanamuhla: izifinyezo, .DSK ukulayishwa kwesithombe, .BAS/.BIN ukuhambisana kwefayela, nezinketho zevidiyo kusuka ku-640x200x16 kuya ekulungisweni okuphezulu kwe-VESA.

Ukufakwa okuvamile nge-MS-DOS/Windows 95/OS/2 kwakuhlanganisa ukuvula iziphu yephakheji (PKUNZIP), esebenzisa i-INSTALL.BAT, ukuqalisa ifayela le-.BAT lemodeli oyifunayo (CPC464.BAT, CPC6128.BAT, njll.), ukukhetha ulimi, futhi yilokho kuphela. Uma i-EMS inikwe amandla, i-emulator iyandiza, ikakhulukazi ku-BASIC; ngaphandle kwalokho, ibuyela emuva kumemori evamile. Ngomsindo one-Sound Blaster, kufanele uchaze i-BLASTER variable (isb., SET BLAST=A220 I7 D1 T3), ecacisa ikheli lesisekelo, i-IRQ, nesiteshi se-DMA; kwe-GUS, okuguquguqukayo kwe-ULTRASND ngesisekelo esifanele, i-DMA, ne-IRQ.

I-Las okhiye bokusebenza lawula okubalulekile: I-F1 ivula usizo, i-F2 iguqula isikrini esijwayelekile nesemlayezo, i-F3 ifaka idiski, i-F4 iguqula umsindo ivule/ivale, i-F5/F6 layisha/ gcina isifinyezo, i-F7 ivula imenyu yokusetha, i-F8 iphoqa a Setha kabusha i-hardware, i-F10 ingena ku-debugger futhi i-F12 iyaphuma. Kumephu, i-ALT/ALTGr isebenza njenge-COPY ye-CPC, kanye ne- ikhiphedi yezinombolo iguqula imisebenzi ngokusekelwe ku-Num Lock (i-CPC noma imisebenzi ye-joystick).

Ukulayisha idiski kusebenzisa izithombe ze-.DSK. Cindezela okuthi F3 ukuze uvule imenyu yokufaka: shayela (A/B), uhlangothi (ukuthola izinhlangothi ezimbili), ukuvikela bhala, futhi uqalise efayeleni lokuqala elingu-BASIC kudiski. Isikhethi sefayela sikuvumela ukuthi uphequlule, uhlunge ngohlamvu lokuqala, usebenzise igundane, futhi uvule ifayela. I-ZIP njengokungathi angamafolda (idinga i-PKUNZIP). Uma ukhipha isithombe ku-ZIP futhi ulondoloze izinguquko, qaphela ukuthi ungazibhali efayeleni elicindezelwe ngaphandle kokuthi usikhiphe kuqala.

Kuteyiphu, nge|TAPE imiyalo ethi CAT, RUN, LAISHA, GCINA KANYE NEHLANGANISA ikhomba kumafayela e-DOS ohlwini lwemibhalo; RUN» ilayisha futhi isebenzise ngokushesha, LOAD» ilayisha kuphela. Izifinyezo (.SNA) zimisa isimo sonke: inkumbulo, amarejista nama-chips; I-F6 iyalondoloza futhi ilayisha i-F5, ngenketho engu-64K noma engu-128K lapho ibhange lesibili lisebenza. Kuhle ukumisa igeyimu noma ukulungisa iphutha kuhlelo endaweni inembile.

I-CPC ↔ Ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-PC: CPCTRANS, 22DISK kanye nekhebula elihambisanayo

Ukuthutha isofthiwe isuka kumadiski e-CPC wangempela, i-CPCTRANS idala futhi ibhale .izithombe ze-DSK ziye ku-PC. I-syntax ifana ne-COPY: Izinketho zendawo okuyiwa kuzo ze-CPCTRANS. Izibonelo zakudala: I-“CPCTRANS B: DISK1.DSK” ifunda idiski ukusuka kudrayivu B ukuya esithombeni, bese i-“CPCTRANS DISK1.DSK B:” iyilahle futhi. Amafomethi akhethwa nge-/f: 0 (DATA), 1 (DATA inhlangothi zombili), 2 (SYSTEM), 3 (SYSTEM kabili-side), 4 (VORTEX kabili-side), 5 (bona) kanye 6 (+3DOS). Nge-/s 1 ikhophi kuphela ohlangothini B, /v iqinisekisa ikhophi kanye /tn imikhawulo izinkomba.

Enye indlela i-22DISK (shareware), evumela ifayela lezincazelo ifomethi futhi udlulise amafayela ngamanye phakathi kwefomethi ye-DOS ne-CP/M/CPC. Kungenjalo, imanuwali ichaza “ikhebula elihambisanayo” le-PC↔CPC, eline-adaptha elula ye-D-Sub to Centronics kanye nezinsiza: ku-CPC, CPCREC.BAS (ibhuthi encane) kanye ne-CPCPARA.BAS (thumela/yamukela), naku-PC, I-PCPARA.EXE. Nge-PCPARA/s uthumela ifayela ku-CPC; nge-PCPARA/r i-PC iyalalela futhi i-CPC idlulisa ngeluphu.

Izintambo zeqa imigqa embalwa (Kubhizi, I-Strobe, i-ACK, i-PE, Khetha, Iphutha, Ground, kanye ne-D0) ukuze kulingise uhlobo lwe-nibble-based half-duplex. I-CPC→Indlela ye-PC iqonde kakhudlwana (ifana nokuphrinta), kuyilapho i-PC→CPC idinga umthetho olandelwayo ohlakaniphe kancane, okhiywe isikhathi, njengoba i-CPC inolayini wokufaka owodwa kuphela (Busy) futhi i-PC kufanele ivumelanise ngomugqa wokufaka ngamunye. isicelo kwe bit. Noma kunjalo, isivinini esingaba ngu-1.6–2.4 KB/s sifinyelelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, okwanele ukuhambisa amabhulokhi angu-16 KB ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Izeluleko ezisebenzayo ezivela kudokhumenti: hlola ngaphansi kwe-DOS "emsulwa" ukuze unciphise ukubambezeleka, ugweme i-EMS lapho ijezisa izikhathi, futhi ungavalwa ucingo uma yehluleka okokuqala (yaklanywa ngokubekezelela amaphutha kanye nokuvala isikhathi). Yiqiniso, konke lokhu kwakuhambisana nesixwayiso sokuphepha kukagesi kanye nokungenakwenzeka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi alikho ichweba elizolinyazwa uxhumano olubi, into eyenza umqondo ojwayelekile lapho ungcolisa. hardware okudala.

I-ecosystem ye-CPCEMU iqeda ukunikela kwayo ngemenyu yokususa iphutha ngokwenza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukulahla bukhoma/umhlangano, izinguquko zerejista, ukulayisha/ukulahla inkumbulo eqondile, nokunye okuningi. Iphinde ibhale .DSK (okuhlanganisa ifomethi enwetshiwe enosayizi bethrekhi kuthebula ngalinye) kanye nezakhiwo .SNA, kanye nefayela elifomethwe ngokucophelela elithi "pokes" ukuze kusetshenziswe izimpilo ezingapheli noma ezinye izinguquko zegeyimu. kuchaziwe kumhlahlandlela.

Inothi elidingekayo lokuthi yini egqugquzele ukusesha: izindaba ezimayelana ne-Windows 95 "i-serial divisible by 7" zisuka ezinganekwaneni zamashumi eminyaka futhi azinikezi lutho oluwusizo namuhla. Into ephusile ongayenza ukukhetha amalayisense asemthethweni noma ezinye izindlela zamahhala, gcina ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile, futhi ugxile ezenzweni ezinhle: izipele zesimo sohlelo, ukuhlela okunomthwalo wemfanelo weRegistry, futhi, uma ungumlandeli we-retro, jabulela i-CPCEMU namathuluzi ayo njengoba kubhaliwe, ngaphandle kwezinqamuleli ezikufaka enkingeni. izinkinga.