- Ama-WLAN LED ayacwayiza uma kunethrafikhi; uma ungasebenzisi inethiwekhi futhi ahlala ekhanyisiwe, kungase kube khona abangeneleli.
- Qinisekisa kusukela kuphaneli ye router: ihlola amadivayisi axhunyiwe, i-DHCP namalogi, futhi ivimbe noma yini esolisayo.
- Qinisa ukuphepha ngokushintsha I-SSID nephasiwedi, usebenzisa i-WPA3/WPA2 futhi ukhubaze i-WPS.
Kungase kube namadivayisi angagunyaziwe okwamanje afinyelela inethiwekhi yakho, futhi nakuba ungase uqaphele ukuthi yonke into ihamba kancane, inkinga idlula isivinini: Isigebengu siphinde sibeke engcupheni ubumfihlo bakho kanye nokuvikeleka kwezisetshenziswa zakho.Uma amawebhusayithi ngokuzumayo ethatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha, Netflix Uma ikhompuyutha yakho iba yiqhwa noma imidlalo eku-inthanethi iyangingiza, kuyinto evamile ukusola, futhi kufanelekile ukubhekisisa umzila wakho.
Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini noma ukuthinta izilungiselelo ezithuthukile, kukhona iqhinga elilula: qaphela izibani kudivayisi. Ama-LED erutha "yiphaneli yokulawula" ekutshela ukuthi kukhona ithrafikhi yedatha Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe othile usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yakho ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho. Kodwa-ke, thatha lokhu njengenkomba yokuqala: ukuziphatha kwezibani kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamamodeli, futhi ukucwayiza kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo.
Lokho ama-LED omzila akutshela kona ngempela
Kumarutha amaningi, inkomba yokuthakaselayo inkomba ye-WiFi/WLAN. Uma kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwedatha, Lokho kukhanya kuyacwayiza ngoba isixhumi esibonakalayo esingenantambo sithumela noma samukela amaphakethe.Uma ungasebenzisi i-WiFi futhi ukucwayiza kusaqhubeka ngemva kokuyibuka isikhashana, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona osebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa wakho.
Amanye amamodeli asebenzisa imibala ukuze abonise izifundazwe. Abanye bathi Isibani esibomvu esibenyezelayo kusibani sedatha "i-tell-tale" yomsebenzi ongagunyaziwe.Kodwa-ke, kuma-routers amaningi, okubomvu kungaphinda kubonise izinkinga zokuxhuma nomhlinzeki. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuphambanisa amasignali: amasiginali e-WLAN acwayizayo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okwaziwayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwesivinini okungenzi mqondo.
Khumbula ukuthi indawo negama le-LED ngayinye liyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi. Nokho, wonke ngokuvamile abonisa okuyisisekelo: Amandla, i-inthanethi, izimbobo ze-LAN, i-WLAN/2.4/5 GHz kanye, kwamanye amadivaysi, i-WPSUkwazi ukuthi isithonjana ngasinye simelelani kuzokusiza ukuthi utolike kangcono okwenzekayo.
Le ndlela "ngeso" iwusizo njengesilinganiso sokuqala, kodwa ayinaphutha. Ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwamanye amadivaysi, izinqubo zerutha yangaphakathi, noma Izinhlelo zokusebenza ngemuva Angase abangele ukucwayiza okungavamile. Uma ukusola kuphezulu, izinyathelo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuze uqinisekise.
Ukuhlola okusheshayo ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza: nqamula yonke into futhi ugade i-WLAN
Ukuhlola okulula kubandakanya ukunqamula okwesikhashana wonke amadivayisi akho kunethiwekhi: omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, smart TVama-consoles, izipikha, nezinto zikagesi ezixhunyiwe. Ngendlu “ekuthuleni” kwedijithali, ukukhanya kwe-WLAN kufanele kuhlale kungashintshi.Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya kungashintshi imizuzu embalwa, kunethrafikhi ongayenzi.
Ukuze uthole ukunemba okukhulu, vala i-WiFi ngayinye Isikhumulo noma vula imodi yendiza. Ungakhohlwa ngamadivayisi "angabonakali" njengamaphrinta we-WiFi, ama-smart plugs, noma i-robot vacuum cleanerephinde isebenzise idatha. Ukuba mbalwa kwabafundi bethu abakhona, ukuhlolwa kuzoba okuthembeke kakhulu.
Qaphela iphethini: ukuqhuma okusheshayo, okuqhubekayo ngokuvamile kubonisa izikhathi eziqhubekayo (Ukusakaza, i-ascargas(amakholi wevidiyo). Ukucwayiza ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kube ngenxa yezinqubo zokulungisa noma izicelo ezivamile ze-ARP/DHCP kusuka kunethiwekhi. Uma unokungabaza, nweba ukubuka kwakho imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokwenza iziphetho.
Uma izinto ezinezintambo zinqanyuliwe futhi okwamanje, Ubona ama-LED port e-LAN ecwayiza; kukhona okwenzekayo kulawo machweba e-Ethernet.Hlola ukuthi akukho yini iswishi, isiqophi sekhodi, noma ikhonsoli evuliwe futhi usebenzisa inethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Amanye ama-LED aveza umsebenzi ongalindelekile (noma amaphutha)
Inkinobho ye-WPS yenza amadivaysi okumatanisa abe lula ngokuthinta okukodwa, kodwa wumnyango okufanele uvalwe. Uma i-LED yayo ihlala ikhanyisiwe noma izama ukuxoxisana ngaphandle kokufaka kwakho, sola imizamo yokuxhumana engagunyaziwe.Khubaza i-WPS kuzilungiselelo zakho zerutha futhi uzogwema ukuphathwa yikhanda.
Inkomba ye-inthanethi ivamise ukukhombisa isimo no-opharetha. Ezimweni, Okuluhlaza kubonisa ukuxhumana, kuyilapho ulayini wesignali obomvu noma o-amber noma izinkinga zokuqinisekisa.Ukushintsha kungazelelwe kusuka kokuluhlaza kuya kokubomvu akusho ngempela ukweba kwe-WiFi, kodwa kuyisixwayiso sokuthi kunezinkinga noma ukungalungiseki kahle.
Izixhumanisi ze-DSL noma ze-FTTH zinama-LED athile okuvumelanisa. Isibani se-DSL/FTTH esivaliwe noma esibomvu sibonisa amaphutha okusebenzaNgenkathi ukukhanya kwe-WLAN kucwayiza kakhulu ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okwaziwayo kuphakamisa umsebenzi ongagunyaziwe. Inhlanganisela yazo zombili izinkomba kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle nokungena.
Kumarutha ahlukanisa amabhendi, hlola i-2,4 GHz no-5 GHz ngokuhlukene. Ibhendi engu-2,4 GHz ("ekude kakhulu" futhi egcwele kakhulu) kungenzeka kube yiyo enikeza umhlaseli, kuyilapho i-5 GHz ihlala ithule ngoba umakhelwane akakutholi ukwamukela okuhle kwaleyo mvamisa.
Hlola futhi ukhiphe abangenisi kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha
Ukuqinisekisa kokugcina kusesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphatha seqembu. Vula isiphequluli sakho sewebhu bese ufaka ikheli le-IP lomzila wakho: 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.0 noma 10.0.0.1 yizona ezivame kakhulu. (Lolu lwazi ngokuvamile lutholakala esitikhani esingezansi.) Ngena ngemvume usebenzisa imininingwane yomlawuli enikezwe uchwepheshe noma etholakala ocingweni ngokwalo.
Uma usungaphakathi, thola ingxenye enohlu lwamaklayenti: ingase ibizwe ngokuthi 'Amadivayisi Axhunyiwe', 'Imephu Yenethiwekhi', 'Amaklayenti e-DHCP' noma 'Isimo Se-LAN'. Lapho uzobona ikheli le-IP, igama leqembu uma litholakala, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ikheli lalo le-MAC.Khomba idivayisi yakho ngayinye ngayinye futhi umake leyo ongenasiqiniseko ngayo.
Ama-routers amaningi akuvumela ukuthi uthathe isenzo ngesikhathi sangempela: Vimba idivayisi esolisayo, dala uhlu olugunyaziwe (yilabo kuphela obagunyazayo abangalufinyelela), noma uhlu oluvinjelwe Ukuze uvimbele amadivayisi athile. Uma unohlu olumhlophe, khumbula ukungeza amafoni akho, amakhompyutha, ama-TV, namanye amagajethi ukuze ungashiyi lutho olubalulekile.
Uma kungabikho abahlaseli abaxhunyiwe ngaleso sikhathi, hlola izingodo ze-router. I-Los izingodo Abonisa ukuxhumana okudlule, izinsuku nezikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imicimbi ye-WPS noma izinguquko ze-IP.Lokhu kulandelelwa kuwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni izingenelelo ngezikhathi ezithile, isibonelo, uma othile enyonyoba ngezikhathi ezithile.
Abanye o-opharetha banikeza abaphathi ngezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza: isibonelo, Amathuluzi e-Smart WiFi akuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uvimbele amadivaysi kumakhalekhukhwini wakho.Kukhona ngisho nezimo lapho ungafinyelela khona inethiwekhi kumabonakude wakho usebenzisa isiqophi se-UHD esivela kumnikezeli, ngaphandle kokuvula ikhompuyutha yakho ephathekayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza ezisiza ukutholwa
Uma ukhetha izixazululo ze-turnkey, akhona amathuluzi askena inethiwekhi yakho futhi aklelise ukuthi ubani okuyo. Windows, I-Wireless Network Watcher (NirSoft) ithola amadivayisi, ibonisa ikheli le-IP, I-MAC kanye nomkhiqizi Futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uzilebule ukuze ukwazi ukuzibona kalula ngokuzayo. Njengoba iphathekayo, awudingi nokuyifaka.
Ku-macOS, enye indlela efanayo yi-LanScan. Ngokuchofoza okukodwa, hlaziya i-LAN yakho bese wethula i-inventory nomkhiqizi negama. uma isitholakala. Kukusiza ukuthi uthole "umuntu ongamazi" futhi uhlole ukuthi ufana nanoma imaphi amadivayisi akho.
Kuselula, uFing (Android e iOS) idume kakhulu: Iskena inethiwekhi futhi ikunikeze uhlu olunemikhiqizo, amakheli e-MAC kanye ne-IP.Ngokungeziwe kuzinketho ze-ping, imbobo, kanye ne-trace, uma uphinde uyivula ngezinsuku ezihlukene, ungathola uma ngabe idivayisi ongayijwayele ivela, khona kanye uma ubona uxhumo olungajwayelekile.
Kukhona nezinsiza ezigxile ku-Android njenge-WiFi Analyzer, Who's On My WiFi, ne-WiFiman. I-WiFi Analyzer ingumthombo wamahhala novulekile, iwusizo kakhulu ekubukeni amandla esignali namashanelifuthi uthole amadivayisi axhunyiwe. I-Who's On My WiFi igqama ngomlando wayo nezaziso uma idivayisi entsha ijoyina inethiwekhi. I-WiFiman, ngaphezu kwe-WiFi, ihlaziya i-Bluetooth futhi inikeza ukuhlolwa kwesivinini.
Uma usebenzisa iPhone I-iPad, i-NetSpot ne-Scany zinikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe. I-NetSpot ikhanya ngamamephu ayo okushisa kanye nokuxilongwa kwekhavaI-Scany igxile ekuskeneni kwenethiwekhi okuthuthukisiwe nokuhlaziya, okufanelekile uma ufuna ukuqhubeka kancane futhi unganaki ijika lokufunda elikhuphukayo.
Ohlangothini lwewebhu, i-F-Secure Router Checker ikusiza ukuthi uhlole imingcele ethile yenethiwekhi. Ukuze uthole ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, i-SoftPerfect WiFi Guard (Windows/Mac/Linux) noma ukusakaza nge-IFTTT ne-Google Home Bangakwazi ukukwazisa njalo uma idivayisi entsha ivela ku-WiFi yakho.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ukhombe umakhelwane wakho ngomunwe: izimbangela ezivamile ze-WiFi ehamba kancane
Kunezimo ezivamile ezichaza ukuxhumana okuvilaphayo ngaphandle kokuntshontshelwa muntu. Amadivayisi amaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa agcwalisa umkhawulokudonsaUkusebenza ukude ngamakholi wevidiyo, imidlalo yokubuyekeza amakhonsoli, noma ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamafu konke kungaba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni.
Ukuphazamiseka nakho kuba nemiphumela yako: ama-microwave, izisekelo zefoni ezingenazintambo, i-Bluetooth, noma amanethiwekhi angomakhelwane esiteshini esifanayo Bandisa umsindo. Ukushintshela kubhendi ye-5 GHz noma ukulungisa isiteshi kusiza ukusula indawo ezungezile.
Ungakubukeli phansi ukushiyeka kweqembu. Ukuqalisa kabusha irutha yakho kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi zansuku zonke.Uma i-inthanethi i-LED iba bomvu/owolintshi noma i-DSL/FTTH LED ingavumelanisi, cishe kunenkinga ngo-opharetha noma uxhumano lwekhebula olubi.
Uma ukhiphe yonke into futhi izibani ze-WLAN "zisadansa" ngaphandle kwesizathu, yilapho kunengqondo ukusola abahlaseli futhi uqhubekele ohlelweni lokusebenza ukuze ubabone futhi ubavimbele.
Qinisa inethiwekhi yakho: izilungiselelo ezibalulekile ukuze uvikele i-WiFi yakho
Esokuqala ukuthi shintsha iphasiwedi ye-WiFi. Okhiye abazenzakalelayo bavame ukulandela amaphethini o-opharetha futhi bangatholwa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ahlungiwe.Dala iphasiwedi eqinile, okungenani izinhlamvu eziyi-12 ubude, uhlanganise osonhlamvukazi, izinhlamvu ezincane, izinombolo, nezimpawu.
Iphinde ilungise igama lenethiwekhi (SSID). Gwema izinkomba eziya kumhlinzeki wakho wesevisi noma ikhaya lakho, futhi unganikezi imodeli yomzila.Nakuba ukufihla i-SSID kunganciphisa amehlo okubuka, ungathembeli kulokho kuphela: kukhona amathuluzi athola amanethiwekhi afihliwe ngaphandle kokujuluka.
Buyekeza ukubethela. Uma idivayisi yakho ikuvumela, Nika amandla i-WPA3; uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa i-WPA2 nge-AES futhi ukhubaze i-WEP.engasasebenzi futhi esengozini. Hlola ukuthi ayikho imodi exubile ebuthakathaka enikwe amandla ngenxa yamasistimu efa.
Khubaza i-WPS. Ukumatanisa ngenkinobho noma iphinikhodi kulula, kodwa kubangela ubungozi bokuphepha obaziwayo.Uzothola ukulawula futhi wehlise imizamo yokuxhumana engagunyaziwe.
Shintsha iphasiwedi yephaneli yomzila. Amasistimu amaningi agcina okuthi 'admin/admin' noma izinhlanganisela okulula ukuzisesha ku-inthanethiUma isigebengu sithola ukufinyelela kuphaneli, singaduna inethiwekhi noma sivule izimbobo eziyingozi ngemizuzwana.
Uma ufuna ukushuna kahle isilawuli, yenza kusebenze ukuhlunga kwe-MAC kumodi yohlu olumhlophe. Amakheli owagunyazayo kuphela azokwazi ukungenaKhumbula ukuthi umhlaseli othuthukile angakwazi ukuloya ikheli le-MAC, ngakho-ke lisebenzise njengesendlalelo esengeziwe, hhayi njengesilinganiso kuphela.
Ukuze uthole ukuqapha okusebenzayo, misa izexwayiso. Amanye amarutha, izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani yenethiwekhi, noma amasevisi afana ne-IFTTT angakwazisa nge-imeyili noma ngesaziso. Uma iklayenti elisha livela ku-WiFi yakho. Kuyindlela yokuthola ngokushesha futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Ukuhlola okusheshayo kusuka ku-Windows, macOS, Android, ne-iOS
Ku-Windows, ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezishiwo, ungabheka ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi nokuthi ubani osebenzisa izinsiza. Kusuka ku Umphathi Womsebenzi (Ctrl+Shift+Esc), esigabeni senethiwekhi nesabasebenzisiHlola umsebenzi ongajwayelekile ongahambisani nokusebenzisa kwakho ngaleso sikhathi bese uthintana neziqondiso ezikuwo Lapho i-Wi-Fi ilokhu iqhwa ngaphakathi Windows 10.
Ku-macOS, cindezela ukhiye Wokukhetha bese uvula imenyu ye-WiFi. Finyelela Ekuxilongeni Okungenantambo futhi usebenzise iwindi lokuskena ukuze ubuke iziteshi nokuhlala kuzo.Kuzokusiza uqonde uma kunamaqembu amaningi kakhulu endaweni yangakini futhi uthuthukise isiteshi sakho.
Ku-Android, iya kokuthi Izilungiselelo > Wi-Fi bese ucindezela kunethiwekhi yakho. Omakhalekhukhwini abaningi babonisa uhlu lwamadivayisi axhunyiwe anekheli lawo le-IP, ikheli le-MAC, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwedatha.Kuyindlela eqondile yokuqinisekisa izinsolo ngaphandle kokufaka enye into.
Ku-iOS, kusukela kuzilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi, khetha inethiwekhi yakho futhi usebenzise izinguquko ze vimbela i-iPhone ekuxhumekeni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nakuba inikeza imininingwane emincane kune-Android, ilusizo ekubukekeni kokuqala..
Ukuphepha, ukuba semthethweni, nomqondo ophusile
Ukusebenzisa i-WiFi yomunye umuntu ngaphandle kwemvume akuwona umdlalo: Ucwaningo lulinganisela ukuthi cishe u-12% wabasebenzisi "bayangena," futhi e-Spain lokhu kufakwa kusigaba sobugebengu. ngaphakathi kwesigaba sokukhwabanisa okufana nokwebiwa kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ubani othola ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho angenza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni esebenzisa ikheli lakho le-IP.
The profiles of intruders range from the neighbour who browsing or checks social media, to othile olanda amafayela amakhulu ukuze agweme ukulayisha kakhulu uxhumano lwakhe noma ozama ukufihla ubunikazi bawo Ukuthatha isinyathelo esibucayi ngedatha yakho. Esinye isizathu sokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma ubona okuthile okungajwayelekile.
Uma, ngemva kokwenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo nokubheka iphaneli yokulawula yomzila, uqinisekisa amanani omsebenzi angahambisani futhi abone amadivayisi angaziwa, Shintsha ngokushesha iphasiwedi yakho ye-WiFi, khubaza i-WPS, bese uqala kabusha umzila wakho.Kusukela lapho, vimba isigebengu futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa abamhlophe noma izexwayiso ukuze ukuvimbele ukuthi kungenzeki futhi.
Ukuqonda ulimi lwamalambu omzila wakho, ukusebenzisa uhlu lwedivayisi kuphaneli yokulawula, nokusebenzisa isithwebuli esihle senethiwekhi inhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu: Okokuqala uthola, bese uyaqinisekisa, futhi ekugcineni uvikela i-WiFi yakhoNgalezi zinyathelo uzokwazi ukulawula inethiwekhi yakho futhi ugweme ukunikeza umkhawulokudonsa futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuzichaya ezingozini ezingadingekile.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.