Ungasho Kanjani Uma Ibhethri Ishajwa kabusha: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuhlonza Amabhethri

Kukangaki unamabhethri elele endlini futhi ungazi noma ungawagcwalisa kabusha noma kufanele uwalahle? Umbuzo ojwayelekile, kodwa ukuhlonza kahle ukuthi ibhethri liyashajwa noma liyalahleka kungakongela imali, kube nzima, futhi kube nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, Uzothola ngendlela elula, ebonakalayo futhi ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obudidayo zonke izihluthulelo zokwazi ukuthi amabhethri onawo angashajwa yini kabusha., yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, izici zazo, izinzuzo, ukungalungi, nezincomo zokuthola okuningi kuzo.

Ulwazi ozoluthola ngezansi kuwumphumela wokuqoqa nokwandisa lonke ulwazi olutholakala kuma-athikili ahamba phambili, imihlahlandlela esheshayo, imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nokuqhathanisa kobuchwepheshe kumaseli namabhethri, ukulungisa ulimi. ukuze ungabi nokungabaza, noma ngabe ungumfundi oqalayo ngale ndaba noma usuvele unolwazi ngamadivaysi kagesi.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ibhethri elishajekayo?

Umbuzo wokuqala ophakamayo uthi: ingabe kunendaba ngempela ukuwahlukanisa? Okungaphezu kwalokho ocabanga ngakho. Ukusebenzisa ibhethri elingalungile kungalimaza idivayisi yakho, kubangele izindleko ezingadingekile, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, kube yingozi..

I-Las amabhethri alahlwayo (okufana ne-alkaline noma i-saline) sekuyiminyaka eminingi futhi kukhona ezilawulweni eziningi, amawashi namathoyizi. Kodwa amadivaysi amaningi ngokwengeziwe asekela noma adinga amabhethri angavuseleleka, ezigqama ngokusebenza kahle kwazo, ukuqina, ukonga ngaphakathi el tiempo kanye nokungcola okuncane.

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri elingadalelwe lona Akusebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa kungabangela ukuthi kuqhume, kuchitheke amakhemikhali awo, futhi kubangele impahla noma ukulimala komuntu siqu.

Yazi izinhlobo ezahlukene, izimpawu zazo ezizihlonzayo kanye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuzinakekela izoqinisekisa ukuthi wenza ukukhetha okulungile nokuphephile kwawo wonke amadivayisi akho.

Ungahlonza kanjani ukuthi ibhethri liyashajwa

Ukuhlonza uhlobo lwebhethri kuqala ngokubheka imininingwane ethile ebonakalayo. Awudingi ukuba unjiniyela noma ube ne-multimeter ekhaya ukuze uqede noma yikuphi ukungabaza.

• 1. Bheka ilebula, ukuphrinta noma ukupakisha: Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe Ahlala enamagama afana nokuthi "rechargeable", "NiMH", "NiCd", "Li-ion" noma okufanayo kuphrintiwe ku-casing yayo. Uma ubona owodwa wale migomo, unebhethri elingashajwa kabusha ezandleni zakho.
• 2. Thola i-voltage ekhonjiwe: Iqhinga elilula. Amabhethri aphinde ashajwa i-AA ne-AAA ngokuvamile abonisa amandla kagesi angu-1,2V, kuyilapho amabhethri alahlwayo (ane-alkali noma anosawoti) ebonisa i-1,5V.
• 3. Qaphela ukwakheka komzimba: Amanye amabhethri aphinde ashajwe anokubukeka okuhlukile, isiphetho esiqine kakhulu, isisindo esilula, noma imininingwane efana nemigqa eluhlaza noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• 4. Hlola uphawu lokugaywa kabusha nolwazi lwezemvelo: Amabhethri amaningi ashajwa kabusha ahlanganisa izimpawu ukugaywa kabusha noma ukucaciswa kwemvelo, kuyilapho lolu hlobo lophawu lungaveli neze emaphepheni alahlwayo.
• 5. I-Nomenclature nemodeli: Hlola ikhodi ephrintiwe. Amamodeli ebhethri aphinde ashajwe ngokuvamile ahambisana nezinhlamvu ezithile ezifana ne-NiMH (i-nickel-metal hydride), i-NiCd (i-nickel-cadmium), noma i-Li-ion (i-lithium ion).
• 6. Bheka imiyalelo yocingo: Amadivayisi amaningi ancoma uhlobo lwebhethri olufanele. Uma bamukela amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, ngokuvamile acaciswa ekhomishini noma kumanuwali.
• 7. Ulwazi lomkhiqizi: Uma unokungabaza, bheka imodeli kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi; Ngokuvamile bachaza ukuthi iyashajwa noma cha.

Khumbula: Uma ibhethri lingasho ukuthi "iyashajwa" noma elinye lamagama alo alingana nalo, ungalokothi ulixhume eshaja..

Umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri ashajwayo nalahlwayo

Ngaphandle kokushajwa kabusha, ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kohlobo ngalunye lwebhethri kunquma ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kahle kwalo.

I-Las amabhethri alahlwayo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kanye, ngenkathi Ezishajwa kabusha zivumela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zokushajwa kabusha ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Lona umehluko oyisisekelo, kodwa kunokuningi okufanele ukwazi.

Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nezingoma:

Amabhethri ajwayelekile kakhulu alahlwayo

• Amabhethri ane-alikhali: Yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi eziguquguqukayo, ezisetshenziswa kuzilawuli kude, amathoshi, amathoyizi, nokunye. Zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zinamandla amakhulu kune-saline; basebenzisa i-potassium hydroxide. Awashajwa kabusha.
• Amabhethri kasawoti (zinc-carbon): Yizona ezishibhe kakhulu futhi azihlali isikhathi eside; Namuhla acishe aphelelwa yisikhathi futhi anconyelwa kuphela kumadivayisi asetshenziswa kancane kakhulu. Ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa kabusha.
• Amabhethri e-Lithium: Nakuba leli gama lingase lidideke, akhona amabhethri e-lithium alahlwayo (isb., amaseli wezinkinobho zamawashi noma imishini yezokwelapha). Ayishajwa ngaphandle uma kucaciswe njengokuthi 'i-lithium-ion', okungolunye uhlobo lobuchwepheshe.
• I-Silver oxide nebhethri ye-mercury: Isetshenziswa kumawashi, izibali kanye namadivayisi amancane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ziwuhlobo lwenkinobho, Abakuvumeli ukushajwa kabusha futhi sezingasasetshenziswa ngenxa yomthelela wemvelo.

Amabhethri avame ukushajwa kabusha

• I-NiCd (nickel-cadmium): Kwakungamabhethri aphinde ashajwa aziwa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Zivumela ukushajwa okuningi kodwa zivame ukuhlushwa "umphumela wenkumbulo," okusho ukuthi zilahlekelwa amandla uma zingakashajwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokushajwa kabusha. Zishiya udoti oyingozi, yingakho zingasathengiswa.
• I-NiMH (i-nickel-metal hydride): Ziyizithandwa kakhulu namuhla, ezingenawo umphumela obalulekile wenkumbulo namandla amahle. Ilungele amadivayisi asetshenziswa njalo (izilawuli, amakhamera, amathoyizi, njll.).
• I-Lithium ions (i-Li-ion): Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu, akukho mphumela wenkumbulo kanye nempilo ende kakhulu. Okujwayelekile kumaselula, amalaptop, amakhamera esimanje kanye nezimoto zikagesi.
• I-Lithium Polymer (Li-Po): Ukuhluka kwe-lithium, ukukhanya kwe-ultra futhi kuvumelana nanoma yimuphi umumo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumaselula, amaphilisi kanye namadivayisi adinga amabhethri ayisicaba.
• Amabhethri e-lead-acid: Okuvame kakhulu ezimotweni nasezinhlelweni zamandla ayisipele kunasezintweni ezincane zikagesi. Kushibhile kakhulu futhi kuyashajwa, kodwa kuyasinda futhi kuyingozi uma konakele.

Inzuzo enkulu yokushajwa kabusha ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza nokwehlisa izindleko zesikhathi eside.. Nakuba amabhethri aphinde ashajwa angase abize kakhulu ngaphambili futhi adinge ishaja, azikhokhela wona ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa yokusebenzisa.

Ingabe wonke amabhethri aphinde ashajwe ayafana?

Cha, kunomehluko oyinhloko ekubunjweni, umthamo, intengo kanye neminyaka yokuphila kuye ngobuchwepheshe.. Lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisebenza kahle ezilungele nokuthi kufanele uziphathe kanjani.

I-NiCd (Nickel-cadmium)

Lawa mabhethri amaka ukuqala kwenkathi yokushajwa kabusha ezindlini. Inkinga yabo enkulu kwaba "umphumela wememori", okuphoqa ukuthi bakhishwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokushajwa ngakunye ukugwema ukulahlekelwa umthamo.. Ayengasebenzi kahle futhi engcolisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwe-cadmium, insimbi enzima enobuthi. Namuhla akuvamile ukuzithola ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya, ngakho ukugaywa kabusha okufanele kuhlale kunconywa.

I-NiMH (Nickel-metal hydride)

Okwamanje ayinketho yenani elingcono kakhulu lemali kumadivayisi amaningi omndeni.. Azinawo umthelela wenkumbulo futhi zingashajwa noma kunini. Umthamo wabo usukela phakathi kuka-1000 no-2900 mAh ngefomethi ye-AA, okubanikeza ukuzimela okuhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingcolisa kancane uma ziqhathaniswa ne-NiCd. Okuwukuphela kwe-drawback ukuthi bangakwazi ukuzikhulula (kancane kancane balahlekelwe ukushaja ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngisho nangaphandle kokusetshenziswa), nakuba isizukulwane sakamuva senza kanjalo ngezinga elincane.

I-Lithium ion ne-lithium polymer

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingamakhosi emishini yesimanje kagesi. Zinikeza umthamo omkhulu kanye neminyaka yokuphila, cishe engenawo umthelela wenkumbulo, kodwa zidinga amashaja athile futhi zibiza kakhulu.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lithium izwela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma ukushaqeka, ngakho ukuyiphatha kudinga ukunakekelwa.

I-lead-acid

Okujwayelekile kakhulu kwezimoto nezinhlelo zamandla ezimo eziphuthumayo, azivamile endaweni yasekhaya ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezincane. Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwayo kulula, kodwa kuqukethe i-sulfuric acid. nokuphatha kwayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha.

Ungawanakekela kanjani amabhethri akho ashajwayo ukuze ahlale isikhathi eside?

Isihluthulelo sokukhulisa ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe wukusebenzisa kwawo ngendlela efanele nokukhetha ishaja efanele..

• Ungalokothi ukhiphe amabhethri e-NiMH noma e-lithium ku-0%.. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele zishajwe kabusha lapho sezifinyelele ku-20-30% womthamo wazo.
• Gwema umthwalo ogcwele njalo. Kungcono ukuwashiya ku-80-90% ukuze welule impilo yawo (ngaphandle uma uyalwe ngokuqondile ngumenzi).
• Sebenzisa njalo amashaja ekhwalithi, okungcono esemthethweni noma eyodwa egunyazwe uhlobo lwebhethri.
• Ungahlanganisi amabhethri emikhiqizo ehlukene, ubudala, noma ubuchwepheshe kudivayisi efanayo. Kufanele bonke babe nezici ezifanayo.
• Gcina amabhethri ngaphandle kwedivayisi lapho engasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuvuza noma i-ascargas ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Gwema ukuwabeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (hhayi ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukubanda) futhi uzigcine zikude nomswakama noma uthuli.

Khumbula: Ukwehluleka okuningi kumabhethri angaphinda ashajwe kungenxa yokusebenzisa kabi noma amashaja angafaneleki..

Kwenzekani uma uzama ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri elingeke likuvumele?

Umbuzo ovame kakhulu futhi oyingozi: ngingashaja ibhethri le-alkaline? Impendulo ingucha omkhulu. I-alkaline namanye amabhethri alahlwayo awanazo izindlela zokuphepha nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo ukuze ashajwe kabusha.

Ukuzama ukushajwa kabusha lezi zinhlobo zamabhethri kungabangela:

• Ukuvuza koketshezi lwamakhemikhali (inobuthi kakhulu futhi iyagqwala).
• Ukuqhuma noma ukuphuka kwekesi.
• Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu kanye nokulimala kweshaja.
• Ingozi yokusha noma yokulimala.

Ngakho-ke uma ibhethri ingasho ukuthi "iyashajwa," ungaphinde uyizame. Kukhona namashaja ajwayelekile athembisa ukushajwa kabusha amabhethri e-alkaline: Ungathathi ingozi, kuyingozi futhi akufanele..