Ungawakha Kanjani Ama-Command Aliases ku-CMD naku-PowerShell: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokuthuthukisa I-Windows Terminal Yakho

Enza ngendlela oyifisayo i- Isikhumulo de Windows Kuyenzeka futhi kungakongela isikhathi esiningi, ikakhulukazi uma ujwayele ukuphinda imiyalo emide noma ufuna ukulungisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi kuhambisane nesitayela Unix o Linux. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufeza lokhu iwukwenza iziteketiso, okungukuthi, izinqamuleli noma eminye imiyalo ekhipha imiyalelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokwenza lokho iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwe-CMD (Command Prompt) ne-PowerShell, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi zonke ezinye izindlela namaqhinga.

Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, uzothola umhlahlandlela onemininingwane, ocacile, futhi oqondile wokuthi udala kanjani, uphathe, futhi uphikelele eyakho imiyalo ku-PowerShell naku-CMD. Ukwengeza, uzofunda imikhawulo kanye nezinzuzo zetheminali ngayinye, izindlela zokuthekelisa/ukungenisa iziteketiso zakho, amathiphu okuzisebenzisa endaweni yokuhlanganyela, kanye nendlela yokulingisa imiyalo ye-Linux kukhonsoli yakho ye-Windows. Zilungiselele ukuyisa ukukhiqiza kwakho kwetheminali ezingeni elilandelayo.

Siyini isiteketiso ku-Windows Terminal?

Igama elithi alias ngokuyisisekelo liyisidlaliso noma elinye igama lomyalo noma isethi yemiyalo. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izenzo eziphelele ngokumane uthayiphe igama elifushane esikhundleni somyalelo omude noma onzima ukuwukhumbula. Isibonelo, ungakha i-alias uhlu ukuze ubonise okuqukethwe kwefolda, uqalise izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokumane uthayiphe umyalo wesinqamuleli.

En I-PowerShell, uhlelo luhlanganisa kusukela ekuqaleni inani elikhulu leziteketiso zabo bobabili abasebenzisi beWindows kanye ne-UNIX/Linux, okuvumela imiyalo edumile efana ne-ls, pwd, cd, cat, mv, cp, rm noma i-dir isebenza ngokufanayo nakwezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo. Ukwengeza, ungachaza ama-alias akho ngokwezidingo zakho. Ku I-CMD, inqubo ayiqondile kangako, kodwa kunezindlela ezihlakaniphile zokufeza okuthile okufanayo ngisho nokulungisa imibhalo yakho ukuze isebenze kuzo zombili izindawo.

Iziteketiso ku-PowerShell: amathuba, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo

I-PowerShell ngokungangabazeki iyindlovukazi uma kuziwa ekuguquguqukeni nasekusebenziseni kalula ukudala nokuphatha iziteketiso. Ungabela iziteketiso cishe kunoma yimuphi umyalo, umsebenzi, iskripthi, noma okusebenzisekayo, ukwandisa kakhulu izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeziteketiso ku-PowerShell:

• Iziteketiso ezichazwe ngaphambilini: Ukufakwa kuhlu okuhlanganisiwe okwenza i-Windows, i-UNIX, ne-PowerShell iyala kuma-cmdlets awo ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, faka isiteketiso se Thola-inganeIsikhathi, ls futhi ukhomba Thola-inganeIsikhathi, futhi cat isiteketiso se Thola-Okuqukethwe.
• Iziteketiso ezichazwe umsebenzisi: Iziteketiso zangokwezifiso ozidalayo ukuze wenze ukugeleza komsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, ufinyeze imiyalo emide, noma wenze ngendlela oyifisayo itheminali ngendlela oyithandayo.

Ungawabuka kanjani ama-alias amanje

Ukuze ubuke zonke iziteketiso ezitholakalayo kuseshini yakho ye-PowerShell, sebenzisa:

Get-Alias

Lo myalo ukukhombisa ithebula elinamagama eziteketiso nemiyalo abhekisela kuyo. Uma ufuna ukubona iziteketiso ezikhomba ku-cmdlet ethile, ngokwesibonelo Thola-inganeIsikhathi, yenza kanje:

Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem

Unentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi yimuphi umyalo ongemuva kwesiteketiso esithile, njengokuthi gci? Sebenzisa:

Get-Alias -Name gci

Dala isiteketiso ku-PowerShell nge-Set-Alias

Indlela ejwayelekile yokudala iziteketiso ku-PowerShell ukusebenzisa i-cmdlet I-Set-Alias. I-syntax yayo eyisisekelo ithi:

Set-Alias -Name acortado -Value ComandoOriginal

Isibonelo esisebenzayo: Ake sithi ufuna ukudala igama elithi alias uhlu ngomyalo Thola-inganeIsikhathi:

Set-Alias -Name list -Value Get-ChildItem

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ungabhala uhlu ku-terminal futhi izokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo Thola-inganeIsikhathi.

Yabela kabusha noma lungisa isiteketiso esikhona

Uma usuvele une-alias edaliwe futhi ufuna ukuyabela umyalo ohlukile, vele uyiqalise futhi. I-Set-Alias ngegama elifanayo nenani elisha:

Set-Alias -Name list -Value Get-Location

Ngakho, isibizo sohlu manje sesizokhomba kokuthi Get-Location esikhundleni se-Get-ChildItem.

Iziteketiso zokufunda kuphela nezinketho ezithuthukile

Ungakwazi ukuvikela iziteketiso zakho ukuze uvimbele ukuthi zingashintshwa ngephutha noma zisuswe. Isibonelo, ukudala isiteketiso sokufunda kuphela:

Set-Alias -Name loc -Value Get-Location -Option ReadOnly

Uma kamuva udinga ukulungisa noma ukususa leso sibizo, kufanele usebenzise ipharamitha -mandla:

Set-Alias -Name loc -Value Get-ChildItem -Force

Iziteketiso zemiyalelo enamapharamitha: ukudala imisebenzi

'Iqhinga' elikhulu le-PowerShell ukuthi awukwazi ukudala isiteketiso esiqondile esiyalweni esinamapharamitha (isibonelo, Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Windows). Kodwa ungakwazi ukuyisonga ngomsebenzi futhi uhlobanise isibizo nalowo msebenzi, njengombhalo omncane ngaphakathi kwephrofayela yakho:

function CD32 { Set-Location -Path C:\Windows\System32 }
Set-Alias -Name Go -Value CD32

Manje, uma ubhala Go uzofinyelela ngqo kuleyo folda.

Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi udale ama-alias ayinkimbinkimbi, angathola imingcele, enze ukuqinisekiswa, noma akhiphe imigqa eminingi.

Ukwenza Iziteketiso Zibe Unomphela ku-PowerShell: Ukusebenzisa Iphrofayela Yakho

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, iziteketiso ezidalwe nge-Set-Alias ​​zikhona kuphela phakathi neseshini yamanje. Uma uvala i-PowerShell ziyalahleka. Ukugwema lokhu, abasebenzisi abathuthukile basebenzisa amaphrofayili e-PowerShell, okuyimibhalo esebenza njalo uma uvula itheminali futhi engaqukatha noma yiziphi izilungiselelo ezingokwezifiso, okuhlanganisa iziteketiso nemisebenzi.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ikuphi iphrofayela yakho:

echo $PROFILE

Ukuyihlela (noma ukuyidala uma ingekho):

notepad $PROFILE

Kulelo fayela unganamathisela yonke imisebenzi neziteketiso ofuna zihlale zikhona uma uqala itheminali. Isibonelo:

function GS { Get-Service }
Set-Alias gs GS

Londoloza, vala, futhi lapho uvula itheminali entsha uzobona iziteketiso zakho zilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Ukulungisa izinqubomgomo zokwenza ukuze iziteketiso zihlale zisebenza

Ungathola amaphutha lapho uzama ukulayisha imibhalo evela kuphrofayela, njengoba i-PowerShell ikhawulela ukukhishwa kweskripthi ngezizathu zokuphepha.

Hlola isimo samanje nge:

Get-ExecutionPolicy

Ukuze uvumele imibhalo yakho ukuthi isebenze (okungenani ezasendaweni, ezingalandiwe ku-inthanethi), kufanele usethe inqubomgomo ukuze I-RemoteSigned:

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

Qinisekisa isenzo futhi, ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha itheminali, iziteketiso zakho ezichazwe kuphrofayela zizohlala zikhona.

Khipha futhi ungenise iziteketiso zangokwezifiso

Ingabe uyafuna ukuyisa iziteketiso zakho kwelinye iqembu noma wabelane ngazo? I-PowerShell ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele zonke iziteketiso efayeleni:

Export-Alias -Path MisAlias.txt

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuzokhipha zonke, kuhlanganise nalezo esezivele zikhona ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ufuna eyodwa kuphela, sebenzisa ipharamitha -Igama:

Export-Alias -Path MisAlias.txt -Name gs

Ukuzingenisa komunye umshini noma iseshini:

Import-Alias -Path MisAlias.txt

Uma ezinye iziteketiso sezivele zikhona, izixwayiso zizovela, kodwa ezintsha zizokwengezwa ngendlela efanele.

Iziteketiso ku-CMD: Amaqhinga, Imibhalo, kanye Nemikhawulo

Ngokungafani ne-PowerShell, I-CMD (Command Prompt) ayisekeli iziteketiso zomdabu kanjalo. Kodwa-ke, kunezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokulingisa lokhu kusebenza:

• Izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso (mklink): Ikuvumela ukuthi udale uhlobo lwesinqamuleli esisebenzisekayo kolunye uhlelo, oluwusizo ikakhulukazi kumaskripthi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kanjani sula isikrini ku-CMD futhi uthuthukise izikripthi zakho.
• Amafayela eqoqo (.bat noma .cmd): Ungazakhela eyakho imibhalo ngegama lesiteketiso olifunayo futhi ukubeke kufolda efakwe ku-PATH variable variable.

Ukudala izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso ku-CMD

Ake sithi ufuna ukudala 'isibizo' esibizwa i-python ukusebenzisa umhumushi wakho wePython. Ungenza into efana nale:

mklink python.exe "C:\ruta\a\python.exe"

Beka isixhumanisi kufolda ku-PATH yakho, futhi ungakwazi ukwethula isibizo sakho noma yikuphi.

Iziteketiso eziyisisekelo ezinamafayili e-.bat

Isixazululo esivame kakhulu nesisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ukudala ifayela elithi .bat noma .cmd lesibizo ngasinye. Isibonelo, ukwenza igama elithi 'ls' elibonisa amafayela namafolda amanje:

@echo off
dir /b %*

Londoloza leli fayela njenge ls.bat futhi uyibeke kufolda ese-PATH (ungangeza ifolda yakho yangokwezifiso ku-PATH ukuze ugweme ukungcolisa uhlelo32).

Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ulingise iziteketiso zemiyalo esebenzisa amapharamitha:

@echo off
del %*

Ngale ndlela, ungakha iziteketiso ezifana ne-ls, cp, mv, rm, clear noma enye into ofuna ukuyingenisa ivela ku-Unix/Linux.

Iziteketiso Ezithuthukisiwe: Izikripthi ezine-Logic namapharamitha

.amafayela we-bat angathola amapharamitha futhi aqukathe ingqondo eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, ungakha isiteketiso esibizwa ngokuthi grep.bat Ukuze useshe umbhalo kumafayela:

findstr %*

Noma eyodwa yokulingisa uthinte futhi udale amafayela angenalutho:

type nul > %*

Ungakwazi ngisho nokwenza amafayela e-.bat ukuze uvule izinhlelo ezithile ezifana ne-Notepad++ (nano.bat):

start "" "C:\Program Files\Notepad++\notepad++.exe" %*

Ukulungisa izikripthi neziteketiso phakathi kwe-CMD ne-PowerShell

Abasebenzisi abaningi abajwayele i-Linux bayakwazisa ukukwazi ukubiza imiyalo efana ls, cp, mv, rm, cat, grep o umfowethu omdala ku-Windows. Umkhuba ojwayelekile ukwakha iziteketiso ezilingisa le miyalo, ngemibhalo ethi .bat ye-CMD noma ngokwenza amamephu ku-PowerShell. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi yenza imibhalo yakho isebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene.