Ungabuyela kanjani enguqulweni yangaphambilini yephakeji ku-Linux

Inqubo yokuhlehlela emuva enguqulweni yangaphambilini ku-Linux ingase ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo nezifinyelelekayo kuye ngezinga lakho lokusabalalisa nolwazi. Ukwazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uxazulule izinkinga zokuzinza, ukungahambisani noma umane uphathe kangcono izinguqulo zamaphakheji akho.. Lapha sichaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo izinketho ezahlukene zokubuyisela inguqulo yangaphambilini, njalo uvikela ubuqotho besistimu yakho nokugwema amaphutha.

Uma ungakazami lezi zindlela okwamanje, khumbula lokho Amathuluzi nezinqubo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kokusabalalisa. Nokho, kuzo zonke izimo, ukhiye uwukugcina ukulawulwa kwenguqulo futhi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe esimweni ngasinye.

Kungani ubuyela enguqulweni yangaphambilini yephakeji ku-Linux?

Ezimweni eziningi, Izibuyekezo ziletha ukuthuthukiswa nokulungiswa; Nokho, Akuzona zonke izinto ezihlala zihamba njengoba bekulindelekile. Ezinye zezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwehlisa izinga zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zokuzinza Ngemva kwesibuyekezo: Izinguqulo ezintsha zingase zethule iziphazamisi ebezingekho ngaphambilini.
• Ukungalingani namanye amaphakheji noma hardware.
• Ukususwa kwemisebenzi obukubheka njengokubalulekile.
• okuthandwa nguwe ngokusebenziseka noma imininingwane yezinguqulo zangaphambilini.

Noma yisiphi isizathu sivumelekile, futhi ukuba nezindlela ezicacile zokwehlisa kuzokusiza ukuthi wonge isikhathi futhi ugweme ubuhlungu bekhanda.

Yazi ukuthi yibaphi abaphathi bephakheji abakhona ngokuya ngokusabalalisa kwakho

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza ukwehliswa okuyimpumelelo ukukhomba yimuphi umphathi wephakheji isistimu yakho esebenza naye. Ukusatshalaliswa ngakunye kunokwehlukile, futhi lokhu kunomthelela ku imiyalo kanye nezinqubo:

• I-Debian, Ubuntu kanye ne-derivatives: basebenzisa i-APT (sudo apt noma apt-get).
• I-Arch Linux kanye nokuphuma kwayo: Basebenzisa i-Pacman.
• openSUSE kanye ne-SUSE: sebenzisa i-Zypper.
• I-Fedora, i-Red Hat, i-CentOS nokunye okufanayo: sebenzisa i-DNF noma i-YUM.

Lesi sinqumo sizonquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ozozisebenzisa ukuya phambili. Ngezansi kunezinketho zendawo ngayinye kanye namathiphu athile abalulekile.

Ibuyela enguqulweni yangaphambilini nge-APT ku-Debian, Ubuntu, nokuphuma kokunye

I-APT ikuvumela ukuthi ufake kalula izinguqulo ezithile zephakheji, ikunikeza ukulawula okuphelele. Izinyathelo zilula:

• Hlola izinguqulo ezitholakalayo ngephakheji lakho nge:

sudo apt-cache showpkg package_name

• Faka inguqulo ekhethiwe okubonisa iphakheji nenguqulo:

sudo apt install package_name=version

Isibonelo, ukuze ubuyele enguqulweni yangaphambilini yeFirefox, vele umisele amagama ahambisanayo nezinguqulo.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma inguqulo oyifunayo ingekho kumakhosombe? Yilapho-ke engena khona snapshot.debian.org. Le nkundla igcina izingobo zomlando zomlando ongakwazi ukuzingeza okwesikhashana emithonjeni yakho:

• Yiya ku-snapshot.debian.org futhi uthole iphasela lakho nenguqulo.
• Dala ifayela elisha ku-/etc/apt/sources.list.d, isibonelo ibhokisi lokugcina.uhlu.
• Engeza umugqa:
  deb https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/fecha_y_hora/ umnikelo wegatsha
• Buyekeza ngokuthi:
  sudo update update
• Bese, hlola futhi ufake nge-apt-cache showpkg futhi ufake ngokufanelekile.

Uma iphakheji inokuncika, ungakwazi futhi ukukubuyisela ngendlela efanayo, ukuhlukanisa ngezikhala. Ukuze uyivimbele ekuzibuyekezeni futhi, ungavimba inguqulo yayo ngokuthi:

sudo apt-mark hold package_name

Indlela yokwehlisa Ubuntu ngemifanekiso nge-Synaptic

Kulabo abakhetha i-graphical interface, I-Synaptic inikeza isixazululo esilula nesibonwayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke zonke izinguqulo ezitholakalayo bese ukhetha ofuna ukuyifaka:

• Faka iSynaptic Uma ungenayo: sesha esikhungweni sesofthiwe noma uqalise:
  sudo apt ukufaka i-synaptic
• Vula i-Synaptic, thola iphakheji lakho, uchofoze kwesokudla, bese ukhetha okuthi “Force Version…”.
• Khetha inguqulo oyifunayo bese usebenzisa izinguquko.
• Ongakukhetha, vala inguqulo kuzibuyekezo ezizayo ukusuka kumenyu ethi "Iphakheji".

Le ndlela ilungile uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-graphical interface futhi ufuna ukugwema imiyalo engadingekile noma izingozi.

Yehlisa ku-Arch Linux kanye nokusabalalisa okutholiwe

I-Arch Linux, enemodeli yayo yokukhishwa, ivuselelwa njalo. Nokho, ungakwazi ukuhlehla uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngiyabonga gcina ku-/var/cache/pacman/pkg/ zonke izinguqulo ezilandiwe:

• Thola izinguqulo ezifakwe kunqolobane nge:
  ls /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ | grep package_name
• Uma usuyitholile inguqulo, yifake nge:
  I-sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/package_name-version.pkg.tar.xz

Uma usule inqolobane, ungasebenzisa amasevisi afana nala Umshini we-Arch Rollback ukuthola amaphakheji amadala. Ukuze uvimbele inguqulo engafunwa ukuthi iphinde ifakwe, yengeze ku-IgnorePkg kokuthi /etc/pacman.conf, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungabangeli ukungqubuzana.

Ukubuyisela amaphakheji ku-openSUSE kanye ne-SUSE nge-Zypper

Ku-openSUSE nokuphuma kokunye, Zypper Inendlela yokuphatha izinguqulo ezedlule isebenzisa umlando wayo:

• Bheka umlando wokufaka no:
  ikati /var/log/zypp/history | grep package_name
• Uma uthola inguqulo oyifunayo, yifake kabusha ngokuthi:
  sudo zypper -in -f package_name-version

Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ezimeni zamaphutha wakamuva noma izingxabano ngemva kokubuyekezwa, yenza ukubuyisela okusheshayo nokuphephile.

Yehla ku-Fedora, i-Red Hat, i-CentOS nokunye okufanayo nge-DNF noma i-YUM

Kulezi zinhlelo, DNF ikuvumela ukuthi uthintane futhi ufake kabusha izinguqulo zangaphambilini inqobo nje uma zisemakhosombe:

• Bona izinguqulo ezitholakalayo:
  sudo dnf -showduplicates list package_name
• Faka inguqulo ekhethiwe:
  sudo dnf faka package_name-version

Ukuze ubuyisele izinguquko zakamuva, ungahlola umlando wakho wokwenziwe nge:

• Buka umlando:
  umlando we-sudo dnf
• Imininingwane yokwenziwayo okuthile:
  I-ID yolwazi lomlando we-sudo dnf
• Hlehlisa okwenziwayo:
  Umlando we-sudo dnf uhlehlise i-ID

Le ndlela ivumela uhlelo ukuthi lubuyele esimweni sangaphambilini ngempumelelo, luwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza noma ezinhlelweni ezibucayi.