- I-Swedish Academy ihlonipha u-John Clarke, u-Michel H. Devoret, no-John M. Martinis ngokuqinisekisa umhubhe we-quantum esikalini se-macroscopic.
- Ukuhlola kwakhe ngesekethe ye-superconducting nakho kubonise amazinga ahlukene wamandla.
- Umsebenzi ubeka isisekelo se-superconducting qubits kanye negagasi lamanje lobuchwepheshe be-quantum.
- Lo mklomelo uhlanganisa i-kronor yaseSweden eyizigidi ezingu-11 futhi uqinisa indima ye-quantum physics ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha.
IRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences iklomelise uMklomelo KaNobel kuPhysics John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret kanye noJohn M. Martinis ngomboniso wokuhlola owephula isikhunta: ukuboniswa kwe umphumela we-macroscopic quantum tunneling futhi i amandla quantization kusekethe kagesi.
Isinqumo siyabaqaphela abathile ukuhlolwa kokuphayona okulethe izenzakalo ezingavamile endaweni ye-chip ephathwayo, ukuqinisa ibhuloho phakathi kwe-quantum mechanics nomhlaba wansuku zonke nokuvula umnyango ubuchwepheshe be-quantum isizukulwane esisha.
Yini ngempela eye yaklonyeliswa?
I-Quantum mechanics ivumela inhlayiya ukuba idlule imingcele yamandla ngokusebenzisa umphumela womhubheOkumangazayo lapha ukuthi abaklonyelisiwe bakhombise leyo nqubo efanayo ohlelweni i-macroscopic: i-superconducting circuit lapho ukugxuma kutholwa njengokubukeka kwe-a amandla kagesi ngemva kwesimo sangaphambilini samanje ngaphandle kokwehla okungenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi iphendule kuphela amandla ahlukene, eqinisekisa quantization yohlelo. Lokhu kubuka okuphindwe kabili, kusekethe eyodwa, kufakazele ukuthi kuziphathe njenge i-quantum ehambisanayo futhi hhayi njengenhlanganisela elula yezinhlayiya.
Bekunjani ukuhlola?
Ithimba lakha ngo-1984-1985 isekethe nge ukuqhuba kahle ehlukaniswe ungqimba oluvikelayo, oludala Josephson junctionNgokulungisa kahle kanye nokulinganisa amapharamitha abo, bakwazi ukulawula izinqubo ezenzeka lapho i-current ijovwa kusekethe.
Ndawonye, amacala ku-superconductor ahlelwa njengokungathi ayenjalo inhlayiyana eyodwa ethathe yonke idivayisi. Lesi simo, ekuqaleni ngaphandle kwe-voltage, sasivalwe umgoqo ongase ube namandla; uhlelo lwaphunyuka kuyo i-quantum tunneling, okuthile okwabonakala ekufundweni kwamandla kagesi alinganiselwe.
Okuguquguqukayo okuyinhloko yi- isigaba se-superconducting ngokusebenzisa i-Josephson junction, izinga elihlangene lenkululeko elisebenza njenge-analogue yokuma kwezinhlayiyana ze-quantum. Ukuqinisekiswa komlingiswa wayo i-quantum ne-macroscopic ku-chip elingana nesundu kwaba ingqopha-mlando yokuhlola.
Obani abawinile?
UJohn Clarke ixhunywe neNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley; UMichel H. Devoret Uthuthukise umsebenzi wakhe phakathi kweYunivesithi yaseYale kanye neNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara; futhi John M. Martinis Usebenze kakhulu eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara. Ukusebenzisana kwakhe kwahlanganisa umugqa wocwaningo owawuchaza kabusha imikhawulo ye i-physics ye-superconducting circuits.
Umklomelo uhlanganisa 11 million kronor yaseSweden (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,17). UClarke ubize lezi zindaba ngokumangala okukhulu futhi wagcizelela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe, owasungulwa ngawo-1980, usuphenduke isisekelo se ubuchwepheshe be-quantum obusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukusabela okuvela emphakathini wesayensi
Kumongameli weNobel Committee for Physics, U-Olle Eriksson, i-quantum mechanics iyaqhubeka nokunikeza izinto ezitholwe ezingalindelekile kanye nokusebenziseka okungangabazeki, njengoba kusekelwe ubuchwepheshe bedijithali esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Ongoti bayathanda Lesley Cohen (Imperial College London), U-Ignacio Cirac (I-Max Planck Quantum Optics), UJuan José García-Ripoll (CSIC), Artur García (BSC-CNS) noma Alba Cervera Lierta (BSC) iyavuma ukuthi izivivinyo eziwine imiklomelo ziqinise i superconducting qubits futhi bekubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphrosesa kanye izinzwa ze-quantum manje ezihlolwayo kuma-laboratories nasezinkampanini emhlabeni jikelele.
Umthelela kanye nezicelo
Ukufundwa okuqondile komsebenzi yindima yawo yokusungula ku i-quantum computing esekelwe kumasekethe e-superconducting. Izinkampani namaqembu ezemfundo bakhe amaphrosesa nge iqubits lokho kusebenzisa amazinga wamandla ahlukene kanye namasu okufunda agqugquzelwe yilokhu kuhlola, ngentuthuko ehlanganisa ingqophamlando efana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu be-quantum kubikwe yiqembu laseMartinis ngo-2019.
Umphumela uphinda udlule ikhompyutha: uhlaka lokuhlola luqhubekile izinzwa ze-quantum ukuzwela okuphezulu (njengama-SQUID), kanye nentuthuko ku- i-quantum cryptography kanye ne-advanced metrology, enamandla kwezokwelapha, i-geophysics, izinto ezintsha kanye ne-computational chemistry.
Umsebenzi emahlombe emidondoshiya
Le mpumelelo isekelwe ezinsikeni ezifana nethiyori ye-BCS kanye nokubikezela kwe UBrian Josephson, owethula i-supercurrent ngokusebenzisa izithiyo zokuvikela futhi wachaza ukuthi kungani ama-superconductors angabonisa ukuhambisana kwe-quantum ngezinga elikhulu. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kukaClarke, uDevoret kanye noMartinis kuletha le physics engabonakali yangaphambili eduze nendawo ama-chips akhiqizwayo.
Izinselelo ezizayo
Nakuba imibukiso yamanje isivele ivumela ukwenziwa kwama-algorithms awusizo nokuhlola, indlela eya kumasistimu amakhulu asebenzayo idinga sikala inani lama-qubits futhi ulwe ukungaboni ngaso linyeUbunjiniyela be-Cryogenic, ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, namakhodi okulungisa amaphutha kuyizinto ezisebenzayo ezizonquma ijubane lenguquko yesibili ye-quantum.
Ngokuqinisekiswa kwe- i-macroscopic quantum tunneling futhi we amandla quantized Emijikelezweni emikhulu, uMklomelo KaNobel ubona ukuboniswa okucacile nokulinganisekayo kwe-quantum physics esikalini sedivayisi, umphumela oshintshe indlela esiklama ngayo. hardware futhi okuyinto namuhla ebhebhezela umjaho wokubala, ukulinganisa kanye nokuxhumana nemithetho, amashumi eminyaka, ibonakala igcinelwe umhlaba ongaphansi kwe-athomu.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.