Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuthuthukisa Inethiwekhi Yakho Yemidlalo: I-NAT, Amachweba, kanye ne-UPnP

Uma unesithakazelo sokudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi, uzokwazi ukuthi akukho okukhungathekisayo ukwedlula ukuhlangana ne- I-NAT ekhawulelwe Njengoba nje usuzongena ekamelweni. Lesi simo sivame ukukuvimbela ukuthi ujoyine abanye abadlali noma sibangele ukuthi ukuxhumana kwehle njalo, okwenza intambama ekhululekile ibe yikhanda lobuchwepheshe langempela.

Ukuze uxazulule lezi zinkinga, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ikhonsoli yakho kanye ne-router zixhumana kanjani nomhlaba wangaphandle. Uhlobo lwe-NAT 2 noma oluphakathi Lona umgomo oyinhloko wanoma yimuphi umdlali, futhi ukuze ufezeke kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisukela ezenzakalelayo eziphelele kuya ekucushweni okuningiliziwe kwamachweba enethiwekhi ngesandla.

Ukuqonda i-NAT nokubaluleka kokuvula amachweba

Ukuhumusha Ikheli Lenethiwekhi (i-NAT) uhlelo olusetshenziswa yi-router yakho ukuphatha ithrafikhi phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yangasese kanye nekheli le-IP le-inthanethi lomphakathi. Uma ikhonsoli ithola ukuthi ithrafikhi engenayo ivinjiwe, ibonisa isexwayiso. Uhlobo lwe-NAT 3 noma olunqunyelweLokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-router ayazi ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi yangaphakathi okufanele ithumele kuyo idatha engenayo.

Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi umqhubi asinike i- ikheli le-IP lomphakathi langempelaUma sibhajwe ku-CG-NAT (lapho sabelana khona nge-IP namanye amakhasimende opharetha), ukuvula ama-port ku-router yethu ngeke kusize, ngoba ukuvimba kuyimbangela yomhlinzeki wesevisi.

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Iphrothokholi ye-UPnP: Ukulungela uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphepha

I-UPnP, noma i-Universal Plug and Play, iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu elivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza nama-consoles cela ukuvulwa kwamachweba ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okusho ukuthi, i-Xbox noma i-PS5 itshela i-router ukuthi, "Hei, ngidinga le port yalo mdlalo," bese i-router iyivula ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthi siphakamise umunwe.

Kodwa-ke, akukuhle konke. Inkinga enkulu nge-UPnP ukuthi iyi- iphrothokholi engavikelekileUma noma iyiphi idivayisi kunethiwekhi ingavula ama-port ngokuthanda kwayo, i-malware noma ikhamera ye-IP esengozini ingadala ubungozi bomhlaseli okude bokufinyelela inethiwekhi yethu yendawo ngaphandle kokuqaphela.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, amanye ama-router athuthukile akuvumela ukuthi udale uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela. Ngale ndlela, ungalungiselela idivayisi ukuze ikhawulele izindawo ezithile zokufinyelela. Ikhonsoli kuphela enemvume ukusebenzisa i-UPnP, ukushiya amanye amadivayisi ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo eqinile yokuvimba.

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Ezinye izindlela zokwenza ngcono uxhumano

Uma ukhetha ukungathembeli ku-UPnP ngezizathu zokuphepha, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho igeleza kahle:

• I-DMZ (Indawo Engavunyelwe Ukuhlasela): Le ndlela ihilela ukudalula ikheli le-IP lekhonsoli yakho ngokuphelele kwi-inthanethi. Kufana nokuvula yonke iminyango yendlu yakho; ikhambi elisheshayo nelisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuqeda izinkinga ze-NAT, yize kungaphephile kangako ngoba idivayisi ishiywe isengozini ngokuphelele.
• Ukudluliselwa Kwechweba: Kuyindlela elinganiselayo kakhulu. Kuhilela ukwabela ngesandla ama-port athile ekhelini le-IP lekhonsoli. Isibonelo, ku- Ama-PS5 avame ukuvulwa Amachweba e-UDP angu-3074 no-3478-3479, kanye namachweba e-TCP angu-1935 no-3478-3480. Ku-Xbox, ayisisekelo yi-UDP 88 no-3074, kanye ne-TCP 3074.

Ukuze usebenzise noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela, isinyathelo sokuqala qinisekisa ikheli le-IP ledivayisi Ama-consoles egeyimu kufanele engezwe ohlwini lwamakhasimende e-router. Okungcono kakhulu, ikheli le-IP elingaguquki kufanele linikezwe noma ligcinwe nge-DHCP ukuvimbela ukucushwa ukuthi kungonakaliswa uma i-console iqala kabusha.

Ukucushwa okuthuthukisiwe okusekelwe kuhadiwe

Kuye nge-router onayo, inqubo yokuphatha izohluka. Kumadivayisi afana ne- Ibhokisi le-FRITZ! ngu-AVMKukhona inketho yokuvumela ukudluliselwa kwembobo okuzenzakalelayo kwedivayisi ethile, kuhlanganisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwe-UPnP. Mane nje uye kuzilungiselelo zedivayisi bese uhlola ibhokisi elihambisanayo.

Uma ungumsebenzisi wezobuchwepheshe futhi usebenzisa ama-firewall afana pfSenseUngavumela i-UPnP kanye ne-NAT-PMP, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhetha inketho yenqaba ukufinyelela ngokuzenzakalelayoNgemuva kwalokho, kudalwa imithetho ethize ethi "vumela" ikheli le-IP lekhonsoli, okuqinisekisa ukuthi yiqembu lokudlala kuphela elingalawula i-NAT.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kuma-router ahambisanayo ukunika amandla lesi sici I-NAT Egcwele YekhoniLesi sici senza ngcono indlela ukuxhumana okungenayo okuphathwa ngayo, sithuthukisa ukuphendula emidlalweni yokuncintisana, uma nje une-firmware yakamuva.

Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana okungenaphutha, kungcono ukuthola indawo ephakathi nendawo lapho Masingadeli ukuphepha yendlu yonke yeseshini yemidlalo yevidiyo. Ukubeka phambili izabelo ze-IP ezimile nokusebenzisa ukudlulisela imbobo okukhethiwe kuzosenza sikwazi ukujabulela uhlobo lwe-NAT 2 ngaphandle kokushiya umnyango uvulekele izigebengu ezingaba khona kunethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya.

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Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.