Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokunika amandla i-virtualization ku-BIOS naku-UEFI isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma uke wafuna ukusebenzisa amasistimu wokusebenza amaningi kukhompyutha yakho, isofthiwe yokuhlola ezindaweni ezingazodwa, noma umane uthole okuningi ku-hardware yakho, mhlawumbe uke wezwa i-virtualization. Namuhla, lobu buchwepheshe abutholakali kuphela ezinkampanini ezinkulu nasezikhungweni zedatha, kodwa futhi butholakala kunoma ubani one-PC yesimanje. Nokho, ukuze konke kusebenze kahle, kuyadingeka Nika amandla i-virtualization kusuka ku-BIOS noma i-UEFI kusuka kukhompuyutha yakho, inketho evamise ukukhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi inganakwa.

Kulesi sihloko sichaza, ngokucacile nangezibonelo ezingokoqobo, Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi i-virtualization iyasebenza, izinyathelo zokuyivumela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ze-BIOS/UEFI, namanye amathiphu okuthola okuningi kubuchwepheshe bokubona obuyinhloko be-Intel ne-AMD. Akukhathalekile ukuthi unayo ilaptop endala noma ikhompyutha entsha sha Windows I-10 noma i-11: Lapha uzofunda konke okudingayo ukuze unike amandla futhi ulungiselele i-virtualization, kanye nokuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka.

Iyini i-hardware virtualization futhi isetshenziselwa ini?

La i-hardware virtualization ivumela ikhompuyutha eyodwa ebonakalayo ukuthi isebenze njengokungathi amakhompyutha amaningana azimele ngokusebenzisa imishini engokoqobo. Isekelwe ekudalweni kwe izindawo ezingazodwa ezibonakalayo lapho ungasebenzisa khona amasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okulungele ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, ukuvikeleka, noma ukusebenza Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kwezinye izinhlelo kuphela. Konke lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yengxenye ebalulekile: i i-hypervisor, isofthiwe elawula izinsiza zekhompuyutha futhi izisabalalisa phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi ngayinye isebenza njengokungathi ikhompyutha ezimele.

Esikhathini esedlule, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo bekugcinelwe izindawo zebhizinisi noma amaseva, kodwa ngenxa yentuthuko kumaphrosesa we-Intel ne-AMD, manje sekulula ukusizakala ngakho nasekhaya. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwensiza: ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kakhulu i-CPU, inkumbulo kanye isitoreji etholakalayo, egwema ukumosha.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo: Okwenzeka emshinini we-virtual akuthinti lonke uhlelo; uma i-VM ihluleka noma itheleleka, ikhompuyutha yakho enkulu ihlala injalo.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ungahlola amasistimu, izinhlelo, noma ukucupha ngaphandle kokwesaba, njengoba ungakwazi ukususa noma ukubuyisela umshini obonakalayo nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
• Ukuphepha okungeziwe: Ilungele ukuhlola isofthiwe engaziwa noma ukulingisa ukuhlasela ezindaweni ezilawulwayo.

Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, i-virtualization isetshenziswa kukho kokubili amabhizinisi nasemakhaya, okuvumela yonke into kusukela ekuphatheni amaseva kuya ekudaleni amalebhu abonakalayo okufunda noma okuthuthukiswa.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Virtualization ngomkhiqizi

ngakho Intel njengoba AMD Bahlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bobunikazi ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa kwehadiwe. Nakuba imigomo yakho kokubili ifana, kunomehluko obalulekile okufanele ukuqaphele:

I-Intel VT-x (VMX)

Amaphrosesa amaningi esimanje e-Intel, ahlanganisa i-Xeon, i-Core i3/i5/i7/i9 uchungechunge namanye ama-Pentium nama-Celeron processors, ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe. I-VT-xLesi sici sivumela imishini ebonakalayo ukuthi ifinyelele ngokuqondile izinsiza zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, njengokungathi ziyizinqubo zomdabu. Ukusebenza kwe-virtualization kukhuphuka kakhulu, kudlula ukwenziwa kwesoftware. Ukwengeza, i-VT-x ingakwazi ukuphatha inkumbulo, ihluzo, namadivayisi okokufaka/okukhiphayo, yenza lula imisebenzi efana nokuthutha imishini ebonakalayo phakathi kwemishini ehlukene ebonakalayo, isici esiwusizo ezindaweni zebhizinisi nezikhungo zedatha.

I-AMD-V (Imodi ye-SVM)

Amaphrosesa e-AMD anokwesekwa kwe-virtualization afaka ubuchwepheshe I-AMD-V, obeye aziwe njengo I-SVM (Vikela umshini obonakalayo)Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlukanisa nokwabela izinsiza ezibonakalayo emishinini ebonakalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokuhambisana. I-AMD-V ihlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo nama-hypervisors afana ne-Microsoft Hyper-V futhi isekela inhlobonhlobo yama-CPU, kusukela kumamodeli edeskithophu (i-Ryzen, i-Athlon) kuya kumamodeli angochwepheshe (i-Threadripper, i-EPYC).

Ama-hypervisors amakhulu asekela ukwenziwa kwehadiwe

Izinhlelo ezidume kakhulu ze-virtualization zisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kuzuzwe a ukusebenza kahle:

• VMware I-Workstation kanye ne-VMware Player: Basekela i-Intel VT-x ne-AMD-V, nakuba ezimweni eziningi ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kukhutshaziwe futhi kudinga ukuqaliswa ku-BIOS/UEFI.
• Oracle VirtualBox: Ihambisana nabo bobabili ubuchwepheshe, inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu futhi imahhala ngokuphelele.
• I-Microsoft Hyper-V: Kufakwe phakathi Windows 10/11 I-Pro ne-Enterprise, isebenzisa i-VT-x noma i-AMD-V kuye ngephrosesa. Ezinguqulweni zasekhaya, inganikwa amandla ngezinye izilungiselelo ezithuthukile.
• I-KVM ne-Xen: esetshenziswa kabanzi ku Linux, ukusebenzisa i-virtualization yehadiwe ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze-kernel.
• Ukufana: ethandwa kakhulu ku Mac, isekela i-Intel VT-x futhi yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-Windows nezinye izinhlelo kumakhompyutha we-Apple.

Wazi kanjani uma ikhompuyutha yakho isekela futhi ine-virtualization enikwe amandla?

Ngaphambi kokumisa ku-BIOS noma ku-UEFI, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuthi iphrosesa yakho iyakusekela yini ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuthi uma inikwe amandla:

• Ku-Windows: vula Umphathi Womsebenzi (Ctrl + Shift + Esc), khetha ithebhu Ukusebenza futhi useshe CPU. Lapho, hlola ukuthi iyavela yini Ukwenza izinto ngamehlo. Uma ithi Kuvuliwe, usulungile; uma kubonisa Kwenziwe kungasebenzi, kufanele uyinike amandla kusuka ku-BIOS/UEFI.
• Amathuluzi omkhiqizi: I-Intel ne-AMD zinikeza izinsiza zamahhala ukuhlola ukuhambisana. Kusuka kumawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni, ungalanda futhi usebenzise lawa mathuluzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inketho ye-VT-x noma i-AMD-V iyatholakala futhi iyasebenza. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungavumela kanjani i-virtualization kusuka ku-BIOS noma i-UEFI, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele yethu Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-UEFI.

Ungakunika kanjani amandla i-virtualization ku-BIOS yendabuko (i-Phoenix, i-AMI, njll.)

Kumakhompyutha ane-BIOS yakudala, inqubo ilula kodwa idinga ukunakwa:

1. Vala ngokuphelele okokusebenza.
2. Yivule bese ucindezela inkinobho yokufinyelela ye-BIOS izikhathi eziningana; ngokujwayelekile Susa, F2, Esc, noma kwezinye izimo F10 o F12.
3. Ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS, zulazula usebenzisa okhiye bemicibisholo uze uthole amamenyu afana nala Advanced, Ukucushwa kwesistimu o Izici ze-CPU.
4. Bheka inketho I-Intel Virtualization Technology, I-VT-x, I-AMD SVM o I-Virtualization Technology.
5. Uma ivela ku Abakhubazekile, shintsha ube Inikwe amandla usebenzisa u-Enter noma u-+ kanye - nokhiye.
6. Londoloza izinguquko nge F10 bese uqala kabusha.

Kwamanye amakhompyutha, igama lingahluka kancane noma inketho ingase ifihlwe. Uma unemibuzo, thintana nemibhalo ethile yebhodi lakho lomama noma uvakashele isigaba sethu esizinikezele. Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-CPU yakho iyahambisana ne-virtualization.

Ungavumela kanjani i-virtualization ku-BIOS UEFI (isikhombikubona sokuqhafaza)

Amasistimu wesimanje ane-BIOS eyisithombe noma i-UEFI enza kube lula ukufinyelela nokulungisa:

• Kusuka ku-Windows 10/11, cindezela bese ubamba ukhiye Shift bese ukhetha Qala kabusha Ukuze ufinyelele izinketho ezithuthukile, bese ukhetha Izinkinga > Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe > Izilungiselelo ze-firmware ze-UEFI, futhi ekugcineni Qala kabusha.
• Lapho uqalisa kabusha, faka i-UEFI bese uzulazulela kumenyu Kuthuthukile, Izilungiselelo ze-CPU noma okufanayo.
• Bheka inketho I-Intel Virtualization Technology o Imodi ye-AMD SVM futhi uyishintshe ibe Inikwe amandla.
• Londoloza izinguquko bese uqalisa kabusha kumenyu ye-UEFI.

Amagama angase ahluke kumkhiqizi, kodwa into ebalulekile ukukhomba amagama angukhiye afana ne-'Virtualization', 'VT-x', 'SVM' noma 'Virtualization Technology'.

Nika amandla i-Hyper-V kanye ne-Virtual Machine Platform ku-Windows

Ku-Windows, ngaphezu kokuvumela i-virtualization ku-BIOS/UEFI, ungase udinge ukunika amandla ezinye izici zesistimu yokusebenza, njenge I-Hyper-V noma i Ipulatifomu yomshini obonakalayo:

1. Kusuka ku Iphaneli yokulawula noma usesho lwe-Windows, yiya ku Izici zeWindows.
2. I-Marca I-Hyper-V y Ipulatifomu yomshini obonakalayo.
3. Qhafaza ukwamukela futhi uvumele iWindows ifake izingxenye ezidingekayo.
4. Qalisa kabusha ukuze usebenzise izinguquko.

Lokhu kubalulekile uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-Hyper-V noma udinga ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo ze-virtualization ezidinga ungqimba lwesistimu yokusebenza ebonakalayo.

Izincomo ezengeziwe nezinkinga ezivamile

• Uma umshini we-virtual ungasebenzi kahle ngemva kokuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, hlola ukuthi abukho yini ubuchwepheshe obuwuvimbayo, njenge-VT-d, izici zokuphepha (I-Secure Boot), noma i-antivirus engakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
• Kwezinye amalaptopIlokhi ingaba sezingeni le-BIOS/UEFI futhi idinga isibuyekezo se-firmware. Xhumana newebhusayithi yomkhiqizi uma unemibuzo.
• Khumbula ukulondoloza ngokucophelela izinguquko ku-BIOS/UEFI ukuze ugweme amaphutha ku- ibhuthini ngemva kokulungisa ukucushwa.
• Uma ungayitholi inketho ku-BIOS yakho, bheka kukhompuyutha yakho noma imibhalo yebhodi lomama, njengoba amagama nezindawo zingahluka.

Uma usuqonda ukuthi i-virtualization isebenza kanjani nokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani, ungasebenzisa amandla aphelele ekhompuyutha yakho ukuze uphathe imishini ebonakalayo ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Ukuthola ukuphathwa komshini we-virtual okuthuthuke kakhulu, ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo yokufunda mayelana Ukudala nokusebenzisa izindawo zokuhlola ku-Hyper-VNakuba izinyathelo zifana kuwo wonke amabhodi omama ahlukene nemikhiqizo, amagama emenyu angase ahluke. Ungangabazi ukuxhumana newebhusayithi yomkhiqizi uma udinga usizo oluthile noma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwe-CPU yakho.

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.