- I-firmware isebenza njengomlamuleli obalulekile phakathi kwehadiwe yebhodi lomama kanye nesistimu yokusebenza.
- Kunemizila yokuvuselela ngokuzenzakalelayo esebenzisa i-APT kanye nemizila esetshenziswa ngesandla yezinguqulo zokubuka kuqala.
- Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa inguqulo ye-kernel kanye ne-bootloader ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinguquko.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwesistimu kungenzeka kusetshenziswa ama-backups noma amathuluzi okukhanyisa angaphandle.
Ukuba ne-Raspberry Pi 5 kudeskithophu yakho kuhle kakhulu, kodwa ukuyenza isebenze ngendlela efanele, ukufaka nje uhlelo lokusebenza bese ukhohlwa ngalo akwanele. I- firmware iyibhuloho elingabonakali elivumela isofthiwe ukuthi ixhumane nezingxenye zomzimba zebhodi, futhi ukuyigcina isesikhathini umehluko phakathi kwedivayisi ezinzile neyokubangela ikhanda.
Abantu abaningi badidanisa i-firmware nesistimu yokusebenza, kodwa akufani. Nakuba i-OS kulapho usebenzisa khona izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza, i -firmware ilawula inqubo yokuqalisa kanye nokuxhumana okuyisisekelo kwehadiwe. Ukuyibuyekeza akugcini nje ngokulungisa amaphutha kodwa futhi kungathuthukisa izinga lokushisa futhi kwengeze ukwesekwa kwezingxenye ezintsha ezingasebenzi ngaphambili.
Izingxenye ze-firmware ezibalulekile
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi sibhekene nani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-firmware kula mabhodi ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Okokuqala, kukhona i- bootloader , enesibopho sokuthola nokusebenzisa i-kernel. Kumamodeli anamuhla, lokhu kuvame ukuhlala kwimemori ye-EEPROM. Bese kuba khona i -Linux kernel , elungiselelwe ngqo i-hardware ye-Raspberry Pi, kanye ne- GPU firmware (VideoCore) , ebalulekile ukuthi iprosesa yehluzo isebenze.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela ukubuyekeza ngesandla?
Esikhathini esiningi, asikho isidingo sokwenza izinto zibe nzima. Uma usebenzisa njalo izibuyekezo zephakheji usebenzisa i-APT, i-firmware izobuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo ibe yinguqulo yayo eqinile. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho udinga khona isici esithile esisanda kukhishwa noma ufuna ukulungisa iphutha elibucayi elingakafiki egatsheni elizinzile, futhi yilapho izindlela zokwenza ngesandla zingena khona.
Indlela yokuthola ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyifakile
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umyalo, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola isimo sakho samanje. Ukuze uthole inguqulo yakho ye-kernel, vula i-terminal bese uthayipha ` uname -a` . Ukuze uhlole isimo se-bootloader bese ubona ukuthi inguqulo entsha iyatholakala yini, umyalo womlingo uthi `sudo rpi-eeprom-update` . Lokhu kuzokutshela ngokucacile ukuthi i-kernel yakho isesikhathini noma ukuthi kudingeka isibuyekezo.
Izindlela zokuvuselela uhlelo
Indlela Ezenzakalelayo Nephephile (APT)
Lena indlela enconywayo kubasebenzisi abangu-99%. Vele uvuselele uhlu lwephakheji nge -`sudo apt update` bese usebenzisa zonke izibuyekezo ezisalindile nge -`sudo apt full-upgrade` . Ngemva kokuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho, uzobe usufake inguqulo yakamuva eqinile ngaphandle kwengozi yokuphula noma yini.
Indlela yesandla yabanesibindi (isibuyekezo se-rpi)
Uma ungumuntu ofuna ukuzama izinguqulo zakamuva kakhulu (izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala), ungasebenzisa ithuluzi elithi `sudo rpi-update` . Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kulanda i-kernel yakamuva kanye ne-GPU firmware kusuka kumaseva, kodwa njengoba lezi kuyizinguqulo zokubuka kuqala, kunengozi esele yokungazinzi. Uma udinga inguqulo ethile, ungadlulisela i-hash ye- GitHub emyalweni wokufaka leso sibuyekezo esiqondile.
Isibuyekezo esiqondene ne-Bootloader
Ngezinye izikhathi sifuna nje ukushintsha i-bootloader. Lokhu kungenziwa nge -raspi-config , ngokuya ku-Advanced Options bese ukhetha inguqulo ye-bootloader (kungaba ezenzakalelayo noma yakamuva). Uma idivayisi ingaqali ngisho, ikhambi ukusebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi Imager kwenye i-PC, udale ikhadi le-SD elisebenzisekayo elinesithombe se-bootloader, bese uliqala ku-Pi kuze kube yilapho i-LED eluhlaza ikhanya.
Amacala akhethekile kanye nehadiwe eyengeziwe
Izesekeli ezifana ne- PiPower5 zine-firmware yazo ezimele. Kulezi zimo, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi athile afana ne - pipower5_update_tools . Inqubo ivame ukuhilela ukufaka idivayisi kwimodi ye-BOOT (ekhonjiswa ama-LED aphakathi nendawo akhanyayo), ukulayisha ifayela le-.bin, nokuqalisa kabusha. Uma imodi ezenzakalelayo yehluleka, ungaphoqa ukuqalisa ngokuvala iphinikhodi ye-Boot 1.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokubuyisela emuva
Uma, ngemva kokusebenzisa i-rpi-update, uhlelo lungasebenzi kahle kodwa lusaqala ukusebenza, ungabuyela enguqulweni ezinzile ngokufaka kabusha iphakheji ye -raspi-firmware usebenzisa i-APT. Uma uhlangabezana nesikrini sombala wesibhakabhaka esesabekayo futhi idivayisi yehluleka ukuqala ukusebenza, ikhambi eliphephile kuphela ukubuyisela kusuka ku-backup yekhadi le-SD obekufanele ngabe uyenzile ngaphambi kokuqala.
Ukugcina ibhodi lakho lisesikhathini kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe ayishisi ngokweqile nokuthi ukuphepha kuvikelwe ezingozini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa indlela elula ye-APT noma indlela yobuchwepheshe ye-rpi-update, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-kernel ne-EEPROM ziyavumelaniswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola okuningi ku-Raspberry Pi 5 yakho.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.