Umhlahlandlela ophelele wezincwadi zeseva zeWindows neLinux

Ukuphatha amaseva sekuyinto ebalulekile Lokhu kubalulekile kokubili kochwepheshe be-IT kanye nalabo abasanda kuqala emhlabeni wengqalasizinda ye-IT. Kusukela kumaphrojekthi amancane ewebhu kuya ezindaweni ezinkulu zezinkampani, ukuqonda ukuthi amaseva, izinhlelo zawo zokusebenza, inethiwekhi, ukuphepha, kanye namathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo asebenza kanjani kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesevisi ezinzile kanye nesevisi egcwele izinkinga.

Uma sikhuluma ngakho izincwadi zemiyalelo zeseva Asikhulumi nje ngencwadi eyodwa, kodwa yonke indawo yezinsiza: iziqondiso ze-Linux ezisebenzayo, amaqoqo aphelele ku-Windows Server 2012 no-2022, izincwadi ezisemthethweni ezihambisana nezitifiketi zobungcweti, izifundo zevidiyo, ama-PDF angalandwa, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe yokufunda konke kusukela ekufakweni okuyisisekelo kuya ekuphathweni okuthuthukisiwe, ukwenziwa kwe-virtualization, ukuphepha, kanye nokufakwa kwezicelo ekukhiqizweni.

Iyini incwadi yemiyalelo yeseva futhi ihloselwe bani?

Incwadi yemiyalelo yeseva iyiqoqo lokuqukethwe elihlelekile Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela yokufaka, ukulungisa, ukuphatha, nokuvikela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseva, ngokuvamile ugxile ku-Windows Server, i-Linux, noma izindawo ezixubile. Awuhlosile ukukwenza uchwepheshe ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa kunalokho ukunikeza uhambo olusebenzayo noluqondiswayo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke yomphathi wesistimu.

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinto zihlelwe ngendlela ama-workshop noma ama-laboratory ezinyathelo ngezinyatheloLe ndlela iyasebenza kakhulu: ukuxhuma kuseva, ukubuyekeza amaphakheji, ukufaka izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi, ukumisa iseva yewebhu, ukuphatha i-DNS, noma ukusebenzisa izitifiketi zokuphepha. Umqondo uwukuthi ungalandela cishe njengokungathi unomfundisi eceleni kwakho ngenkathi usebenza emishinini yokuhlola noma ezindaweni zelebhu.

Kunezincwadi zemiyalelo eziqondiswe ku- ochwepheshe abasebenzayo abafuna ukuqeqeshwa kabusha noma uthole izinguqulo ezintsha (isibonelo, ukweqa kusuka ku-Windows Server 2012 kuya ku-2016 noma ngo-2022), kanye nezinye ezenzelwe abantu abaqala ekuqaleni futhi abafuna indlela ehlelekile: imiqondo eyisisekelo yamakhasimende/iseva, izisekelo ze-TCP/IP, amaphrothokholi afana ne-HTTP, kanye nezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu njengokutholakala okuphezulu, ama-backups noma ukuzenzakalela.

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa futhi izincwadi namavidiyo akhethekile ezihlola izindawo ezithile kakhulu: ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo ezibalulekile, izindawo ezitholakala kalula, i-virtualization ethuthukisiwe, izitsha ze-Docker, ukuhlelwa nge-Kubernetes, ukuzenzekela nge-Ansible, noma ukulungiselela izitifiketi zomhlaba wonke njenge-LPIC-1 ne-LPIC-2 uma kwenzeka i-Linux, noma ukuqhathanisa ukusatshalaliswa okufana nokuthi i-openSUSE Leap kanye ne-Tumbleweed.

Ngaphezu kwezincwadi zemiyalelo zakudala, kukhona amapulatifomu okuzishicilela kanye nokuphrinta uma kudingeka lapho ababhali abazimele beshicilela izincwadi zobuchwepheshe ngokuphathwa kweseva. Kulezi zimo, umbhali unesibopho sekhwalithi yokuqukethwe, ukwakheka, kanye nomklamo, ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa kokuhlela kwangaphambili yipulatifomu, ngakho-ke kuhlale kunconywa ukubuyekeza amasampula nezilinganiso zencwadi ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Amabhukwana okuphatha iseva ye-Linux

I-Los Amabhukwana agxile ku-Linux Ngokuvamile zigxila ekuphathweni kweseva endaweni yomugqa womyalo, lapho amandla angempela alolu hlelo lokusebenza ebonakala khona. Ngokuvamile zimboza konke kusukela ekufinyeleleni okukude kuya kumasevisi okulungiselela abalulekile kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda yesimanje.

Phakathi kwezihloko ezivame kakhulu esizitholayo ukufinyelela kumaseva ukuze kubuyekezwe futhi kulungiselelwe, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-SSH, ukuphatha abasebenzisi abanamalungelo okuphatha, ukubuyekeza amaphakheji kusetshenziswa abaphathi abanjengo-apt, yum, noma i-dnf, kanye nokufaka izingxenye ezengeziwe ezidingekayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, izizindalwazi, noma izinhlelo zokuqapha, okuhlanganisa nendlela thola futhi ususe izinqubo ze-zombie ku-Linux.

Lezi zincwadi azivamile ukwethulwa njenge- ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele komphathi we-Linux wezinga eliphezuluNgoba lokho kungadinga iminyaka yokufunda kanye nokuzijwayeza okuningi kwangempela. Esikhundleni salokho, bagxila ekunikezeni uchungechunge lwemihlangano yokusebenzela evumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ethile: ukusebenzisa iseva yewebhu ye-Apache noma ye-Nginx, ukumisa iseva yeposi nge-Postfix, ukusetha i-DNS nge-BIND noma i-dnsmasq, kanye nokuqonda izisekelo zezinsizakalo ezibalulekile, besebenzisa Izibonelo zomyalo wokuthola ku-Linux ukuze kuphathwe nsuku zonke.

Kukhona nezinsiza eziningi eziwusizo kakhulu ngefomethi ye-PDF, njenge Imihlahlandlela yokuphatha i-Pocket ye-Red Hat LinuxAmabhukwana okuphatha e-DNS e-Debian, amadokhumenti engqalasizinda ehlanganisiwe evela kubathengisi abanjengo-HP, noma izifundo ezithile kumaseva eposi, ama-honeypots okuqapha abahlaseli, noma imiqondo ye-virtualization ezindaweni ze-Linux, kanye neziqondiso ku- i-hdparm ku-Linux ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesitoreji kanye nokuphepha.

Labo abalungiselela izitifiketi ezifana I-LPIC-1 kanye ne-LPIC-2 Bavame ukuthembela kulezi zincwajana ngoba zihlanganisa ithiyori nezivivinyo ezisebenzayo, futhi zihlanganisa konke kusukela ekuphathweni kwesistimu okuyisisekelo (abasebenzisi, izinqubo, izinsizakalo, izimvume) kuya ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi, ukuphepha, isitoreji, izinsizakalo zewebhu kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ezindaweni zangempela.

Amabhukwana nezinsiza ze-Windows Server

Ngaphakathi kwe-Microsoft sphere, Amabhukwana e-Windows Server Zithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu futhi kukhona imisebenzi yokwethula kanye nemibhalo ethuthukisiwe ehlanganisa konke kusukela ekufakweni okulula kuya ekuphathweni kwengqalasizinda yezinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusekelwe ku-Active Directory kanye nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi.

Kuvamile ukuthola Amabhukwana aphelele ku-Windows Server 2012 kanye no-2016, enezigaba ezinikezelwe engqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, ukucushwa kwesevisi yesikhombisi (i-AD DS), ukuphathwa kwe-DNS kanye ne-DHCP, ukuphathwa kwendawo ye-DNS, ukuqaliswa kwendima kanye nezici, kanye nokuvikela izinsizakalo ezivezwe ngaphandle.

I-También isán iyatholakala Ama-eBook obuchwepheshe e-Microsoft Press ukwethula i-Windows Server 2012, kanye nezincwadi ezithuthukisiwe ezigxile ekusebenzeni okuthile: ukuphathwa kwephrothokholi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zamafayela nokuphrinta, ukutholakala okuphezulu ngamaqoqo, kanye nokuphathwa okukude nge-PowerShell ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngokuzenzakalela.

Ezinye izinsiza zigxila ngqo ku- ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zezinkampani ezisekelwe ku-Windows Server, ukubhekana nezinqubo zenethiwekhi yebhizinisi, amamodeli esizinda, ubudlelwano bokuthembana, izinqubomgomo zamaqembu (ama-GPO), kanye namasu okusabalalisa ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu lapho ukuzinza nokuphepha kubalulekile khona.

Zingatholakala ezindaweni zokugcina zokulanda ezikhethekile Ama-PDF aneziqondiso zokuqeqesha ze-Windows ServerIzifundo ngezindawo ze-DNS, izisekelo zokuphathwa kweseva ye-Windows, ngisho nezincwadi zokufundisa zokuklama nokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, konke kugxile ekwenzeni abaphathi bakwazi ukuhlela, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina indawo ethembekile nengandiswa.

Ukukhetha iseva yewebhu kanye nezisekelo zesistimu yeseva

Izincwadi eziningi zesimanje ziyavumelana izitifiketi zobungcweti ezisemthethweni, njengeyunithi i-UF1271 enikezelwe ekufakweni nasekucushweni kwesofthiwe yeseva yewebhu. Kulezi zinto, okuqukethwe kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlanganiswe wonke umjikelezo: kusukela kumbono oyisisekelo kuya ekuzilolongeni kokuzihlola kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina.

Ingxenye yokuqala yethiyori ichaza imiqondo eyisisekelo yezinhlelo zesevaIzinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje kanye nokusekelwa kwazo njengamaseva ewebhu, izisekelo ze-TCP/IP (umzila, amakheli e-IP, amamaski, amachweba), kanye nemodeli yeklayenti/iseva echaza indlela iziphequluli ezisebenzisana ngayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu kunethiwekhi.

Bese kuba nemininingwane eminingi Iphrothokholi ye-HTTP: ukusebenza kwayo kanye nesakhiwo sayo, izindlela zesicelo (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, njll.), amakhodi wesimo (2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx), izihloko ezifanele kakhulu, kanye nezindinganiso zokufaka ikhodi kokuqukethwe njenge-UTF-8 noma amafomethi okushintshana njenge-JSON, avame kakhulu kuma-API anamuhla kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu.

Ezinye izincwadi zemiyalelo zifaka ngisho ne- Ukuhlaziywa okusebenzayo kwe-HTTP/2 kanye ne-HTTP/3 sisebenzisa amathuluzi okuthwebula ithrafikhi kanye nokulingisa, okusivumela ukuthi siqonde intuthuko efana nokuphindaphinda, ukucindezela i-header, noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-TLS okuphoqelekile ezinguqulweni zakamuva zephrothokholi.

Kusukela kuleso sisekelo, umuntu ungena ukukhetha iseva yewebhu efaneleLesi sigaba sihlaziya amapharamitha okusebenza, izici ezinikezwa amaseva afana ne-Apache, i-Nginx, noma i-IIS, imisebenzi eyinhloko ehlinzekwa yiyo ngayinye, kanye nezidingo zesistimu ngokwehadiwe, isofthiwe, kanye nokuxhumeka okudingekayo ukusekela inani elithile lethrafikhi kanye nohlobo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma iseva isikhethiwe, izincwadi zemiyalelo zichaza izinqubo zokufaka eziyisisekelo kanye nokucushwa: ukufakwa ohlelweni lokusebenza, ukuqinisekiswa kwesevisi, ukuphathwa kokuqala kanye nokuvalwa, ukudalwa kokufakwa kwe-DNS ukuze kuhlotshaniswe amagama esizinda namakheli e-IP, noma engeza ukufinyelela ezindaweni zenethiwekhi, incazelo yamapharamitha abalulekile njenge-listening port, i-root directory, i-virtual hosting kanye ne-virtual hosting esekelwe egameni.

Ukucushwa okuthuthukisiwe, amamojula kanye nezandiso zeseva yewebhu

Ngemva kokusetha okuyisisekelo, izincwadi eziningi ezibalulekile ziyaqhubeka nokuchaza iziqondiso zokucushwa kokhiye Lokhu kunquma ukuthi iseva iphendula kanjani ezicelweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amapharamitha ahlobene nokuphepha, ukusebenza, ukuloga, ukucindezelwa, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha, kanye nokuziphatha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqukethwe.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yilena enikezelwe kuyo ukugawulwa kwemithi kanye nokugcinwa kwesevisiLapho kugcinwa khona amalogi okufinyelela namaphutha, indlela yokuwazungeza ukuze ugweme ukugcwalisa idiski, indlela yokuwahumusha ukuze uthole ukuziphatha okungavamile, kanye namathuluzi okuqapha angakusiza ukuthi uqaphe njalo isimo seseva.

Iziqondiso ziphinde zichaze ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi okumisaKusukela kubahleli bombhalo bekhonsoli kuya kuzinsizakusebenza zezithombe ezithile zeseva, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokusebenzisa izinguquko (ukwenza isipele amafayela okucushwa, ukuhlola ezindaweni zokubeka izigaba, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okulandelayo kokusebenza kahle kwesevisi).

Elinye ibhulokhi eliyisisekelo lijikeleza amamojula weseva yewebhu kanye nezandisoLesi sigaba sichaza izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezandisa amakhono eseva, njengamamojula okubhala kabusha i-URL, ukucindezela, ukugcina isikhashana, ukuqinisekiswa, ukwesekwa kwe-SSL/TLS, noma ukuhlanganiswa nezilimi zokuhlela eziseceleni kweseva.

Ngokuphathelene nokusekelwa kolimi, imiqondo efana Izinjini ze-CGI kanye neskripthiLokhu kufaka phakathi i-ASP.NET, i-PHP, nezinye izindawo ezivumela ukwenziwa kwekhodi eguquguqukayo. Kuchaza ukuthi ungazenza kanjani, ukuthi ungamisa kanjani abahumushi noma izikhathi zokusebenza ezidingekayo, kanye nemiphumela yokuphepha nokusebenza kwenketho ngayinye.

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zincwadi zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuzihlola Ekupheleni kwebhulokhi ngayinye, lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyiqonda kahle imiqondo futhi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa le mfundiso ezibonelweni zangempela, kusukela ekudaleni iwebhusayithi elula kuya ekuqaliseni uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu olunokuqinisekiswa kanye nokufinyelela kudathabheyisi.

Ukuphepha kweseva yewebhu kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela

Ukuphepha kuthatha indawo ebalulekile kunoma yikuphi incwadi yemiyalelo yokuphatha iseva yesimanjeAkwanele ukuthi isevisi isebenze; ​​kumele ivikelwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokuhlaselwa okuvamile kwe-inthanethi.

Okokuqala, i- imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuphepha kweseva yewebhu: umehluko phakathi kokufunda nokusebenzisa izimvume, ukuphathwa kwezindlela kanye neziqondisi, ukulawula ukufakwa ohlwini kweziqondisi, kanye nencazelo yezinhlobo ze-MIME ezivunyelwe ukuvimbela amafayela angafuneki noma angaba yingozi ukuthi asetshenziswe.

Enye inkinga ebalulekile yi- ukulawula ukufinyelela ngekheli le-IP lomthomboLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhawulele ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezithile noma izinsiza kumabanga athile kuphela, okuwusizo kakhulu kumaphaneli okuphatha, ezindaweni zokuhlola, noma izinsizakalo zangaphakathi okungafanele zivulekele wonke umuntu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okulandelayo kukhulunywa ngakho: ukulawula ukufinyelela okusekelwe kubasebenzisi namaphasiwediYilapho izindlela zokushintshana kweziqinisekiso (ukuqinisekiswa okuyisisekelo, i-Digest noma i-NTLM) zisebenza khona, kanye nezitolo ezahlukahlukene zeziqinisekiso iseva engazisebenzisa: izinhlelo ze-LDAP, izizindalwazi eziphathelene, amafayela ombhalo ocacile noma uhlelo lwe-akhawunti ye-Windows uqobo uma kwenzeka i-IIS.

Izincwadi zemiyalelo zibonisa ukuthi kanjani Lungiselela iziqondisi ezivikelwe ngephasiwediIndlela yokuchaza izinqubomgomo zephasiwedi evikelekile, indlela yokunciphisa inani lemizamo ehlulekile, kanye nendlela yokungena ngemvume ku-audit ukuthi ubani ongena, nini futhi kuphi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezilawulwayo noma ngedatha ebucayi.

Yiqiniso, ingxenye yonke inikezelwe ku- ukuxhumeka okuvikelekile kusetshenziswa i-HTTPSIzitifiketi zokuphepha, ama-algorithms okubethela asetshenziswa ukuvikela ithrafikhi, indima yeziphathimandla zesitifiketi, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-CSR, ukuthola isitifiketi esivela ku-CA ethembekile, ukukhiqiza izitifiketi ezizisayinile zokuhlola, nokuzifaka kahle kuseva kuyachazwa.

Ezimweni ezithuthukile kakhulu, okulandelayo kuyahlanganiswa: ukulawulwa kokufinyelela ngesitifiketi seklayentilapho abasebenzisi abanesitifiketi esivumelekile kuphela abangafinyelela izinsiza ezithile, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokungena ngemvume okukodwa ezihlanganisa ukuphathwa kobunikazi bezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.

Ukutholakala okuphezulu, i-virtualization, kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela

Ngaphandle kokufakwa nokucushwa okuyisisekelo, izincwadi eziningi nezifundo zigxila ku ukuphathwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile lapho ukwehluleka kweseva kungeyona inketho. Yilapho-ke imiqondo efana nokutholakala okuphezulu, ukulinganisela umthwalo, ukukopisha, kanye namasu okusekelayo kanye nokutakula iqala khona ukusebenza.

Izincwadi ezikhuluma nge- ukutholakala okuphezulu Ngokuvamile bachaza indlela yokusetha amaqoqo eseva, indlela yokusetha i-failover, kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa umthwalo kuma-node amaningi ukuze isevisi ihlale itholakala ngisho noma eyodwa yawo yehluleka. Amaphethini avamile okuphindaphinda kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo nakho kuyahlaziywa.

La i-virtualization Lena enye imodyuli yokuqeqesha ebalulekile. Ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-hypervisor bakudala (njenge-Hyper-V noma izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-KVM kanye ne-VMware) kanye nezinsiza ezithile ezinikezelwe ekuhleleni nasekuphatheni ingqalasizinda ye-virtualized, ngokunaka okukhethekile ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, isitoreji esabiwe, kanye namanethiwekhi e-virtual.

Ensimini yamanje, izincwadi zemiyalelo namavidiyo agxile ku iziqukathi kanye nokuhlelwaLesi sigaba sichaza ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Docker ne-Kubernetes. Lezi zinsiza zibonisa indlela yokupakisha izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuzisebenzisa kumaqoqo, ukuphatha ukukhuliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukubuyekeza izinsizakalo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kanye nokugcina ukubonwa kwesistimu ngamalogi nama-metric.

Ukuzenzakalela nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile amathuluzi afana ne-AnsibleLezi zindlela zikuvumela ukuthi uchaze ukucushwa kweseva usebenzisa ikhodi (ingqalasizinda njengekhodi), usebenzise izinguquko ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi unciphise ingozi yamaphutha enziwa ngesandla. Le ndlela ihambisana nezindlela ze-DevOps, okuhlanganisa Amapayipi e-CI/CD, ezifuna ukuhlanganisa intuthuko kanye nemisebenzi emsebenzini ofanayo.

Kanye nazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, izindawo ezibalulekile ezifana ne- ukuphepha kwengqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke, ukuhlela isipele, ukuphathwa kwesitoreji se-NAS, izinqubo zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene ezihilelekile kunethiwekhi yenkampani, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokugcina ukuqina nokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlobo zezinsiza: izincwadi eziphrintiwe, ama-PDF, kanye nezifundo zevidiyo

Uma usesha izincwadi zemiyalelo zeseva Uzohlangana nezinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nemikhawulo yayo. Ukukhetha umthombo ofanele kungakongela isikhathi esiningi sokufunda kanye nokukhungatheka okungadingekile.

I-Los izincwadi eziphrintiwe Zisathandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezisemthethweni, njengezincwadi ezihlanganisa iyunithi yokuqeqesha i-UF1271 ngokuningiliziwe. Lezi zincwadi zivame ukunikeza okuqukethwe okuhlelekile, imisebenzi, izivivinyo zokugcina, futhi kwezinye izimo, ithuba lokucela izixazululo zezivivinyo mahhala nge-imeyili evela kumshicileli noma kumfundisi.

Lezi zincwadi ezinyathelisiwe zichaza yonke inkomba ngemininingwane emincane: Isingeniso, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaseva ewebhu, i-TCP/IP, ukwakheka kweklayenti/isevaUkusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-HTTP, ukukhethwa kweseva yewebhu, ukufakwa, ukucushwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphathwa kwe-DNS, izinqubomgomo zokucushwa, amamojula kanye nezandiso, ukuhlaziywa kokuphepha, ukuhlolwa kokuzihlola kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kokuhlola.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona Ama-PDF angalandwa Lokhu kufaka phakathi konke kusukela kumabhukwana e-Windows Server 2016 mayelana nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi kuya kumadokhumenti mayelana nokuklama inethiwekhi, ukwenqatshwa kwensizakalo (i-DoS), amaseva ewebhu, izivivinyo zokuqeqeshwa kwe-AD DS, ukuphathwa kwe-DNS ku-Debian, izifundo zokuphatha ze-Windows Server ezijulile, kanye namabhukwana e-virtualization.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo ku- ifomethi yevidiyo Lezi zinto zihambisana kahle kakhulu nezincwadi. Ngokuvamile zibonisa esikrinini izinyathelo zokufaka nokulungiselela amaseva e-Windows ne-Linux, ukudalwa kwezindawo ezisebenza nge-virtualized, ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi, noma ukucushwa kwamaqoqo namathuluzi e-DevOps, okwenza kube lula ukulandela inqubo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Okokugcina, amapulatifomu okuzishicilela avumela abalobi abazimele ukuthi bashicilele Izincwadi zobuchwepheshe ngokuphathwa kweseva ngaphansi kokunyatheliswa uma kudingeka. Kulezi zimo, kugcizelelwa ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo wekhwalithi yokuqukethwe, isipelingi, izithombe, kanye nomklamo usezandleni zombhali ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa kwangaphambili yithimba lepulatifomu; ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukubuka amakhasi esampula nokubuyekeza izilinganiso ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Ukusingatha, abahlinzeki kanye nomongo wobungcweti wezincwadi zemiyalelo

Ngemuva kwezincwadi eziningi kanye nezinsizakusebenza zeseva kukhona abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokusingatha kanye nengqalasizinda abanikela ngolwazi lwabo lokukhiqiza emhlabeni wangempela. Isibonelo esisodwa yizinkampani zaseSpain ezinerekhodi elide kuma-domain, ukubamba okwabiwe, amaseva azinikele, i-VPS, kanye ne-imeyili, ezihlanganiswe emaqenjini amakhulu aseYurophu agxile ekubhalisweni kwe-domain, ukubamba, kanye nezixazululo ze-e-commerce.

Lezi zinkampani, ezinendlunkulu emadolobheni afana neBarcelona futhi zikhona emazweni afana neFrance, iPortugal, noma i-United Kingdom ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo, ngokuvamile zine amashumi eminyaka olwazi kanye nokuqashelwa emhlabeni jikeleleAbanye babo babephakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni kwe-ICANN njengababhalisi besizinda eSpain, okubabeka njengabaholi kulo mkhakha.

Izincwadi neziqondiso ezikhiqizwa noma ezikhuthazwa yilezi zinkampani zibonisa ukuthi yini Isevisi yesimanje yokubamba inganikezaKusukela kumaseva azinikele asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-VPS angakhuliswa, kuya kuzixazululo ze-imeyili zenkampani, izitifiketi ze-SSL, ama-backups aphethwe, kanye namathuluzi okuphepha athuthukisiwe ahlanganiswe ngqo kuphaneli yokulawula.

Kulesi simo sobungcweti, izincwadi zemiyalelo ziba ithuluzi lokuqeqesha eliyisihluthulelo labaphathi besistimu abazosebenzisana namapulatifomu alaba bahlinzeki, babasize baqonde ukuthi izizinda, amaseva ewebhu, i-DNS, izitifiketi kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha ziphathwa kanjani ezindaweni zokukhiqiza zangempela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulandelela emakhasini lapho lezi zinsiza zigcinwe khona. Amakhukhi adingekayo ekusebenzeni okuyisisekelo kwesayithi avame ukusetshenziswa, kanye namakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle ukuhlaziya indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo newebhusayithi. Izivakashi zingawamukela, zenqabe, noma zilungiselele la makhukhi, zikhumbula ukuthi ukukhubaza amanye kungathinta ulwazi lwazo lokuphequlula.

Kwezinye izinkundla ezisingatha izincwadi zokufundisa kanye nokulandwayo, kungenzeka ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zesayithi azilayishi kahle Lokhu kungenxa yezandiso zesiphequluli, izithiyo zezikhangiso, izinkinga zenethiwekhi, noma izilungiselelo zokuphepha. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole uxhumano lwakho, ukhubaze okwesikhashana izithiyo zezikhangiso, noma uzame isiphequluli esihlukile ukuze ufinyelele izinto ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Uma zihlanganiswa, zonke lezi zincwadi, amavidiyo, nezinsizakusebenza Bakha imephu ephelele kakhulu yokuphathwa kweseva. kusukela kumbono wezinqubo kanye namamodeli eklayenti/iseva kuya enkambisweni yansuku zonke yokufaka, ukuvikela nokugcina ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ngeWindows neLinux, kokubili ezindaweni zendabuko kanye naseziphakamisweni zesimanje ezisekelwe ku-virtualization, izitsha kanye nezindlela ze-DevOps.