Ingabe ukulanda kwe-torrent kudinga i-checksum eyengeziwe?

Uma usebenzisa i-BitTorrent njalo, kuyinto evamile ukuzibuza ukuthi Las i-ascargas Ukulanda kwe-Torrent kudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma uma lokho akwenzayo kwanele iklayenti lesifufulaAbasebenzisi abaningi bathemba ngokungazi ukuthi i-torrent iqinisekisa kanjani, abanye bahlala beqhathanisa ama-hash afana ne-SHA-256, kanti abanye basebenzisa i-torrent ngokwayo njengokungathi iyisistimu yobuqotho eyenziwe ekhaya.

Emigqeni elandelayo sizochaza ngokuthula ukuthi kanjani Ingabe ukuqinisekiswa kwengxenye kuyasebenza ku-BitTorrent?Iyiphi indima edlalwa ama-hashes (ama-checksum)? Kunini lapho kunconywa khona ukuhlola amafayela amakhulu ngesandla (isb., ama-ISO)? Linuxnokuthi konke lokhu kuhambisana kanjani ne-P2P ecosystem. Umqondo uwukuthi, ekugcineni, uzoba nokuqonda okucacile kokuthi uyawadinga yini ama-checksum angaphandle, ukuthi uwasebenzisa nini futhi kanjani, nokuthi yimaphi amathuluzi angakusiza.

Iyini ngempela i-torrent futhi yiluphi ulwazi oluqukethe?

Ifayela elinesandiso .isifufula Akuyona okuqukethwe ngokwako, kodwa ifayela elincane le-metadata. Inhloso yalo ukuchaza ukuthi kuzolandwa ini nokuthi ukudluliselwa kuzohlanganiswa kanjani phakathi kwabo bonke abahlanganyeli (ontanga) benethiwekhi ye-BitTorrent.

Ngaphakathi, isifufula sihlanganisa ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "memezela" lapho kuchazwe khona i-URL ye-tracker eyinhloko; okungukuthi, iseva ehlanganisa isixuku sabasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe. Iphinde ifake isigaba ku- "ulwazi" equkethe amagama amafayela akha i-torrent, osayizi bawo, ubude bengxenye ngayinye, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, I-SHA-1 hash yengxenye ngayinye lapho idatha ihlukaniswe khona.

Amafayela abiwe ahlukaniswe ngezigaba izingcezu zobukhulu obulinganayo (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-64 KB kanye nama-MB amaningana). I-checksum ibalwa ngayinye yalezi zingcezu kusetshenziswa i-SHA-1, futhi lawa ma-hashe agcinwa ngaphakathi kwefayela le-.torrent. Lawa ma-hashe awabalwa kabusha isikhathi ngasinye lapho umuntu abelana. yakha ingxenye eqinile yesifufula futhi ziyisisekelo sokuqinisekiswa kobuqotho.

Uma iklayenti lithola ucezu kwabanye ontanga, libala kabusha i-SHA-1 checksum yaleyo ngxenye elandiwe bese liyiqhathanisa nenani eliza ku-torrent. Uma zingahambisani, lahla ucezu. Futhi iyayicela futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu, iBitTorrent manje ifaka uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ubuqotho oluqinile kakhulu, kancane kancane.

Lo mklamo unemiphumela eqondile: uma nje unefayela lokuqala le-.torrent kanye nedatha elandiwe, iklayenti lakho lingakwazi hlola kabili konke okuqukethwe ngokumane uphoqe isheke (ukuhlolwa kabusha okuphoqelelwe noma okufanayo) ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwendabuko kwefayela lonke.

I-BitTorrent njenge-"checksum enkulu": ingabe kunengqondo ukuyisebenzisa ngaleyo ndlela?

Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa indlela exakile: esikhundleni sokugcina i-MD5 noma i-SHA-256 hash yefayela ngalinye lemidiya, bayayigcina ifayela le-.torrent Futhi uma befuna ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela lonakele yini, balilayisha kuklayenti bese besebenzisa i- ukuqinisekiswa kabusha okuphoqelelweUma iklayenti limaka i-torrent njengelungile ngokuphelele, licabanga ukuthi ifayela liphelele.

Lo mbono awukho kude: ifayela le-.torrent lifaka phakathi wonke ama-hashes kancane kancaneNgakho-ke, uma kuhlolwa kabusha, iklayenti libala kabusha lezi zibalo bese liziqhathanisa. Empeleni, luhlelo lokuhlola olusabalalisiwe. Uma nje ifayela le-.torrent lihlala lifana ncamashi futhi ifayela ngokwalo lingashintshi, lokhu kuqinisekiswa kuthembeke kakhulu.

Inkinga ivela ngokushesha nje lapho Ulahlekelwa ifayela le-.torrent. Noma ifayela liyasuswa, liqanjwe kabusha, noma lishintshwe kancane. Ngaphandle kwaleyo metadata yokuqala, iklayenti alisakwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingcezu okufanele ziqinisekiswe, noma ukuthi yimaphi ama-hashe afanele. Ngaleso sikhathi, ulahlekelwa yi-checksum yakho ethile futhi kufanele usebenzise ezinye izindlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo njengendlela yokulawula kuphela kungase kungabi lula kumaqoqo amakhulu: Uthembele ekulondolozeni amakhulu amafayela e-.torrent., gcina imizila ihlanzekile futhi usebenzise njalo iklayenti elifanayo ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda kalula ukuhlola.

Njengesixazululo esithi "Ngizophatha", ukusebenzisa ama-torrent njengesiqinisekisi kulungile, kodwa uma ufuna uhlelo lwamafayela lwesikhathi eside noma indawo yobungcweti, kunengqondo kakhulu. hlanganisa nama-hashes ajwayelekile (SHA-256, SHA-512, njll.) igcinwe kumafayela wombhalo noma yolwazi.

Ingabe ukulanda kwe-torrent kudinga i-checksum eyengeziwe?

Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, iphrothokholi yeBitTorrent isivele isebenzisa uhlelo lwe- ukulawula ubuqotho okunamandla kakhulu usebenzisa ama-hashes acushiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela eligcina likwidiski yakho lifana nalelo elichazwe lapho kudalwa ifayela le-.torrent.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuqotho bedatha ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa; ngakolunye, i ubuqiniso kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuzimele ngalokho okulandile (isibonelo, i-ISO esemthethweni yokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux).

Uma ulanda i-ISO ye-Ubuntu, i-Debian, i-Manjaro, noma efanayo nge-BitTorrent, iklayenti selivele lihlola ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ifika ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Kodwa iphrojekthi ivame nokushicilela. SHA-256 hashi (futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-SHA-512 noma amasignesha e-GPG) kuwebhusayithi yabo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle akukona ukulungisa amaphutha esifufula, kodwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ifayela lokugcina lihambisana nalokho i-distro ekubheka njengokusemthethweni nokuthi Akuzange kuphazanyiswe emthonjeni.

Ngamanye amazwi: i-checksum efakwe ku-torrent iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola lokho kanye okuchazwe yifayela le-.torrent; i-checksum eshicilelwe yi-distro iqinisekisa ukuthi Yilelo fayela ababefuna ukulisabalalisa. futhi hhayi inguqulo eguquliwe noma eyonakele ngenxa yenkinga ohlelweni lwakho lwamafayela noma ikhophi yakamuva.

Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezibucayi (ama-ISO, ama-backups abalulekile, amafayela asemthethweni, izizindalwazi ezinkulu) kuyanconywa sebenzisa njalo ama-hashes angaphandle engeziwenoma amafayela afike kahle nge-BitTorrent.

Ukulandwa kwe-Torrent okungafani ne-SHA-256 eshicilelwe: amacala angempela

Kungenzeka ukuthi ulande i-ISO nge-torrent, ubale i- I-SHA-256 futhi lokhu akufani nenani elisemthethweni, kuyilapho i-ISO efanayo elandiwe nge-HTTP ifana nayo. Kulula ukucabanga: "imifudlana ayiphephile" noma "i-torrent elandiwe ngokungalungile." Kodwa ulwazi olusebenzayo lubonisa ukuthi izikhathi eziningi Inkinga ayikho nge-BitTorrent.

Icala elijwayelekile: umsebenzisi ulanda ama-Kubuntu nama-Manjaro ISO amaningana nge-torrent, abale ama-hashes abo e-SHA‑256, kanye akukho noyedwa kubo ofana kanye naleyo eshicilelwe yi-distro. Bese elanda izithombe ezifanayo "esebenzisa indlela yendabuko" (HTTP/HTTPS) bese izibalo zihambisana. Ukusola okunengqondo kuwela kuklayenti le-torrent.

Kodwa-ke, uma ulanda ngokuphindaphindiwe i-ISO efanayo ngelinye iklayenti, ngisho nasemshinini ohlukile, i-hash kwenzeka ukuthi kuhambisane kanye nalowo ovela emthonjeni osemthethweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi inqubo kanye neqembu lamasosha bekulungile, nokuthi ukwehluleka bekukhona kwenye indawo ekugelezeni.

Ngemva kwalokho, lapho kufakwa uhla lwemibhalo oluqukethe ama-ISO nge-NFS kwenye ikhompyutha, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SHA-256 kwasebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umphumela: izithombe zazilandwe kahle kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa kwakukhona inkinga ngesistimu yamafayela abiwe ye-NFS phakathi kwe-NAS ne-laptop, okushintshe ukufundwa kwedatha noma kwabuyisa imiphumela engaguquki lapho kubalwa i-hash.

Lezi zinhlobo zezindaba zenza into eyodwa icace: uma iklayenti libonisa i-torrent ku-100% futhi ukuhlolwa kabusha kwangaphakathi kulungile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ifayela lilandwe ngokungalungile. Uma i-hash yangaphandle ye-SHA-256 ingahambisani, kufanele ucabangele... ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona: amaphutha ohlelweni lwefayela, ukwehluleka kwe-NAS, izinkinga zememori, amadiski anemikhakha emibi, noma ngisho ne-middleware (unqulo wesi arab(izihlungi, ukwabelana okukude) okuphazamisa ukufunda.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ngesandla i-torrent namafayela ayo

Nakuba wonke amaklayenti e-BitTorrent anamuhla enza ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo, ngezinye izikhathi udinga bona ngokucacile ukuthi yimaphi amafayela alungileukuthi yimaphi amafayela angekho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini idatha eyengeziwe kufolda. Kunamathuluzi athile okuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwefayela le-.torrent nesethi yamafayela alandiwe.

Enye yezindlela ezisebenziseka kakhulu I-TorrentCheck, etholakalayo Windows kanye ne-Linux. Yenzelwe ukusebenza nama-torrent afaka amafayela amaningi (isibonelo, amaqoqo e-ROM, amasethi okulingisa ohlobo lwe-MAME, njll.), lapho kulula kakhulu ukuthi ezinye izakhi zilahleke noma ukuthi izinguqulo ezindala zixutshwe nezintsha.

Umsebenzi oyisisekelo ulula: utshela uhlelo ukuthi Ifayela .torrent kanye nefolda lapho idatha itholakala khona. I-TorrentCheck ihlaziya ingxenye ngayinye bese ifaka ifayela ngayinye ukuze ibone ukuthi yini efanelana nokulindelwe yi-torrent. Lokhu ikwenza ngokusebenzisa ulwazi mayelana nosayizi, isakhiwo, kanye nama-hashe e-SHA-1 ezingcezu ezifakiwe ku-metadata.

Phakathi kwezinketho eziwusizo kakhulu kukhona ukuhlola okuthi “Hlola ubuqotho befayela (SHA-1)” kanye nokuthi “Vula umbiko ngemva kokuskena”, okukuvumela ukuthi ugxile ekuthembekeni futhi ubuke umbiko wombhalo onemiphumelaUkuskena kungathatha isikhathi uma unamafayela amaningi noma ikhompyutha yakho iphelelwa yizinsiza, kodwa uma sekuqediwe uzokwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-torrent ezilungile nokuthi yiziphi ezingalungile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TorrentCheck yenza kube lula buyekeza ama-torrent asevele elandiwe Uma amafayela ambalwa kuphela eseshintshile, ungayicela ukuthi ithole amafayela angadingekile (angafakiwe ku-torrent), isuse ngokuzenzakalelayo amafayela anosayizi ongalungile, noma idale ama-backups ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu. Lokhu kusindisa i-bandwidth ngokugwema ukulanda kabusha ama-gigabytes osuvele unawo.

Amafayela aphelele nosayizi obonakalayo: indlela yokwazi ukuthi kukhona okungekho

Enye imininingwane edida abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokulanda, amafayela avame ukuvela kanye ne- usayizi wokugcina kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqalanoma zingakaqedwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaklayenti amaningi "abeka kusengaphambili" isikhala sediski ukuze agweme ukuqhekeka noma izinkinga ezilandelayo.

Lokho kusho ukubona ifayela, isibonelo, elingu-4 GB kufolda yokulandwayo akusho ukuthi sekupheleleKuze kube yilapho iklayenti liphawula u-100% we-torrent, kungase kube nezikhala zangaphakathi (izingcezu ezingakadawunilodwa noma ezingakaqinisekiswa) noma ngabe usayizi obonakalayo unjengoba kulindelekile.

Uma ungasenalo ifayela le-.torrent futhi ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela elilandiwe kusetshenziswa leyo ndlela seliphelele yini, kuba nzima kakhulu. Ungaliqhathanisa i-hash nomunye umsebenzisi ukuthi kuqinisekisiwe, noma ngesamba esisemthethweni, noma zama ukuthola i-.torrent yokuqala futhi bese uvumela iklayenti ukuthi liskene kabusha ifolda ukuze libone ukuthi yiziphi izingcezu ezikhona.

Ezimweni lapho kunamafayela amaningana anegama elifanayo noma usayizi ofanayo futhi ungathembi usuku lokuguqulwa, isikhali esingcono kakhulu kuseyi- amasheke angaphandle ajwayelekile: Khiqiza i-SHA-256 noma i-SHA-1 kusuka kufayela ngalinye, ziqhathanise bese ukhetha elihambisana nenani lereferensi noma lelo ofuna ukuligcina.

Kumaqoqo amakhulu, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukudala amafayela okuhlanganisa (isibonelo, SHA256SUMS) kufolda ngayinye ebalulekile, ekhiqizwa kanye kuphela lapho konke kwaziwa ukuthi kulungile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma yikuphi ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kuncishiswa kube ukubalwa kabusha nokuqhathanisa nalelo fayela lokubhekisela.

Amanethiwekhi e-P2P kanye ne-BitTorrent: Umongo Wokuphepha Nobuqotho

I-BitTorrent ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze- Amanethiwekhi e-P2P (ontanga-kuya-kontanga)Kulolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi, idivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa njengeklayenti kanye neseva, yabelana ngezinsiza namanye ama-node ngaphandle kokuthembela ngokuphelele engqalasizinda ephakathi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwezakhiwo iklayenti-iseva yakudala (HTTP, FTP, njll.) Iseva iyona kuphela umthombo "ogunyaziwe" wamafayela. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphatha, kodwa kugxila wonke umthwalo womsebenzi futhi kwenza leyo seva ibe yindawo eyodwa yokwehluleka.

Ku-P2P, ama-node amaningi anikela ngezingcezu zefayela elifanayo, ukuze iklayenti lakho likwazi ukuthola izingcezu ezivela kuma-pair amaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Yingakho amaphrothokholi afana ne-BitTorrent noma i-eDonkey esebenza kahle kakhulu ekusabalaliseni amafayela amakhulu, ngoba asabalalisa umzamo phakathi kwabo bonke abahlanganyeli futhi akhula kahle kakhulu lapho kunesidingo esikhulu.

Intengo yalokho kusebenza kahle ukuthi inqubo kanye ne-ecosystem ziba nzima kakhulu. Izingozi ziyavela, njengokuthi “ubuthi” (ukulayisha amafayela mbumbulu anamagama adukisayo), ukungcoliswa kwezingxenye ezinedatha eyonakele, ukuhlaselwa kokugcwala (i-DoS), noma ukuqapha amabanga athile e-IP yizinhlangano ezinentshisekelo yokuqapha ithrafikhi.

I-BitTorrent, enesistimu yayo ye-hashing yengxenye ngayinye, ihlonyiswe kahle kakhulu ekulweni nokonakala kwedatha ngengozi: uma ingxenye ingahambisani ne-hash elindelekile, iyalahlwa. Kodwa-ke, lokho kuvikelwa akuvimbeli ifayela lilonke ekubeni yingozi noma iqukathe lokho okungathembisi. Imane iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola lokho kanye omunye umuntu akupakishe kuleyo torrent.

Amanethiwekhi amakhulu e-P2P kanye nobudlelwano bawo nobuqotho befayela

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwavela amanethiwekhi amaningi e-P2P, ngalinye line- imiklamo kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa Ziyahluka. Ezinye zisengozini enkulu yamafayela mbumbulu, ezinye zibeka phambili ukungaziwa noma ukugcinwa kokuqukethwe, futhi akuzona zonke ezinikeza ukuqina okufanayo maqondana nobuqotho.

Isibonelo, amanethiwekhi afana I-FastTrack (ethandwa kakhulu yiKazaa), I-Gnutella, I-OpenFT o Ares Bagxile kakhulu ekushintshisaneni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamafayela, bethembele kuma-supernode, ama-index asatshalaliswa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusesha ezihlanganisiwe. Nakuba benza ukuhlola okuthile, baye bahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yoshevu wokuqukethwe kanye nemikhankaso yokungcola.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinemiklamo efana IFreenetLokhu kwenzelwe kakhulu ukushicilelwa kwamakhasi namafayela ngokungaziwa nangokungavinjelwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo ubumfihlo kanye nokuphindaphindwa okusatshalaliswayo; ubuqotho bamabhulokhi buvikelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa inhloso eyinhloko akuyona nje ukuhlonza i-ISO ethile, kodwa kunalokho. gcina okuqukethwe kufinyeleleka kalula noma amanye ama-node enyamalala.

Kukhona futhi amanethiwekhi anengxenye yomphakathi eqinile, njenge Ukuxhuma okuqondilelapho uxhuma khona kuma-hub athile ngemithetho yawo. Kula ma-hub amaningi, ukulawulwa komuntu kusetshenziswa kulokho okwabiwe, okunciphisa kancane ukuba khona kwamafayela mbumbulu, yize ubuqotho buxhomeke ekudlulisweni okuqondile komuntu ngamunye.

I-ecosystem ye-eDonkey/eMule, enamaseva ayo kanye nenethiwekhi ye-Kad, ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo: ihlukaniswe, inemigqa, uhlelo lwesikweletu, kanye nama-eLink asebenza njengezihlonzi zokuqukethwe. Inezindlela zokuqinisekisa amabhlogo, kodwa futhi inezinkinga ngezinto ezixubile ezindaweni ezithile.

I-BitTorrent uma iqhathaniswa namanye amanethiwekhi: kungani ibhekwa njengethembekile kakhulu

I-BitTorrent yaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni ngomqondo wokuthi Sabalalisa amafayela amakhulu kahlengokulawula okuqinile ngalokho okulandiwe nokuthi ubani okuqondisayo. Esinye sezici zayo ezibalulekile ukuthi ayifaki uhlelo lokusesha lomhlaba wonke oluhlanganisiwe: umsebenzisi kufanele athole amafayela e-.torrent ngezinye izindlela (amawebhusayithi, ama-index, amakhasi asemthethweni, njll.).

Lokhu kuye kwasiza ukwamukelwa kwayo ngamaphrojekthi asemthethweni adinga ukusabalalisa idatha eningi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka komkhawulokudonsa: Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux, izindawo zokugcina isofthiwe zamahhala, imidlalo yevidiyoAmapulatifomu okuqukethwe, njll. Amaningi ala maphrojekthi agcina ama-tracker awo futhi ashicilela kokubili ama-torrents kanye nama-hashes asemthethweni wamafayela.

Ngokulawula umthombo wamafayela e-.torrent, ingozi yokulanda amafayela ashintshiwe incishiswa kakhulu. Uma ulanda i-ISO kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-distro futhi usebenzisa i-torrent abaxhuma kuyo, i-tracker kanye ne-swarm kuzogxila kulelo fayela elithile, kanye nama-hashes alo achazwe kahle. Inhlanganisela ye .torrent + umlandeli othembekile + ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni Inikeza ukuzethemba okuphezulu kakhulu.

Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, ukulanda izingxenye eziningi kanye nokwabelana nge-bandwidth phakathi kontanga kuvumela ifayela elicelwe kakhulu ukuthi lisatshalaliswe ngesivinini esiphezulu uma sekunembewu eyanele. Futhi njengoba sesibonile kakade, ingxenye ngayinye ihlolwa nge-SHA-1, okwenza kube nzima ngezingcezu ezonakele ukusabalala zingatholakali.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-BitTorrent ayinaphutha noma ukuthi ama-torrent anonya awakho. Kodwa kuyachaza ukuthi kungani, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amanethiwekhi e-P2P "avulekile" futhi angahlelekile kahle, Umbono wokuphepha nobuqotho ungconoikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngemithombo esemthethweni.

Izingozi, i-malware, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-P2P

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inethiwekhi noma iphrothokholi ikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-P2P kuhilela uchungechunge lwezindlela izingozi eziphindaphindayo okufanele kuhlale kukhunjulwa. Akukhona nje kuphela ngezinkinga ze-checksum noma ubuqotho bamafayela; ngokuvamile ingozi itholakala kokuqukethwe okwabiwe ngokwakho.

Izinsongo ezivamile zifaka phakathi amafayela mbumbulu ngamagama akhangayo aqukethe I-malwareAma-binary aguquliwe aqukethe ama-Trojans, ukusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni, noma ukukhwabanisa okuhilela ukukhokhisa ukufinyelela ezintweni, ngokombono, esezitholakala kalula kumanethiwekhi e-P2P.

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwesaba, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuvuselelwa kwama-antivirus (ikakhulukazi ku-Windows), sebenzisa ama-firewall ahlelwe kahle bese ukhetha amaklayenti e-P2P avulekile noma athembekile, ukugwema abafaki abagcwele i-adware noma amabha yamathuluzi asolisayo.

Endabeni yobumfihlo, izinhlangano nezinkampani eziningi ziqapha ithrafikhi kumanethiwekhi athile, ngakho-ke uma usebenza eduze noma udlula ngqo imikhawulo esemthethweni, usengozini yokuthola izexwayiso, izinhlawulo, noma amacala. Ngaphandle kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha, kuwukuhlakanipha... yazi umthetho yezwe lakini kanye nemithetho ethile yenethiwekhi ngayinye noma i-tracker.

Kukhona amathuluzi okuqinisa anjenge I-PeerGuardian noma uhlu lwe-IP oluhlungiwe oluvimba ukuxhumana kusuka kumabanga ahlobene nokuqapha, kanye nezixazululo zokungaziwa ezifana TorKodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ne-P2P kunezingqinamba: akuzona zonke izinsizakalo ezivumela lolu hlobo lwethrafikhi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ijubane liyehla, okwenza kube nzima ukulanda ama-torrent amakhulu ngale ndlela.

Ukucushwa kwe-port, firewall, kanye ne-router kumaklayenti e-torrent

Ukuze amaklayenti e-BitTorrent nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-P2P zisebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukunakekela izilungiselelo zenethiwekhiIzinkinga eziningi zesivinini noma ze-ID ephansi (kumanethiwekhi ohlobo lwe-eDonkey) zibangelwa nje amachweba avinjiwe ngokusebenzisa i-firewall noma ngokusebenzisa i- router.

Ngokuvamile, ikhasimende ngalinye lisebenzisa eyodwa ichweba noma ububanzi bamachweba ikakhulukazi ukulalela ukuxhumana okungenayo. Kubalulekile ukuvumela ithrafikhi ku-firewall yesistimu, futhi uma ungemuva kwe- router, yenza ukudluliselwa kwembobo okuhambisanayo ekhelini le-IP lendawo lekhompyutha yakho.

Ku-BitTorrent, uma i-port ivaliwe, usazokwazi ukulanda kwimodi yokudlulisa idatha, kodwa uzolahlekelwa ukuxhumana okuningi okungenzeka futhi ukusebenza kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Kwamanye amanethiwekhi, njenge-Direct Connect noma i-eMule, ukucushwa okungalungile kuzokushiya une-ID ephansi noma kwimodi yokudlulisa idatha, enemikhawulo enzima.

Kubalulekile futhi ukungabelani i-port efanayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi noma kumakhompyutha angaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, nokugwema amabanga agcinwe ezinye izinsizakalo ezibucayi. Iklayenti ngalinye le-P2P ofuna ukulisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele libe nalo. ichweba elizinikele futhi idluliselwe kahle ku-router.

Okokugcina, kuyalulekwa ukulungisa inani eliphezulu lokuxhumeka kanye nemikhawulo yesivinini sokulayisha nokulanda. Ukuxhumeka okuningi ngasikhathi sinye kungasinqoba i-router kanye nenethiwekhi yasekhaya; noma kunjalo, ukunciphisa kancane isivinini sokulayisha (ngaphandle kokusinciphisa sibe yi-zero) kuvame ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. izikhonkwane kanye nokulawula ukugeleza ukusebenza kangcono, kanye nokuthuthukisa isivinini sokulanda.

Amasheke, osayizi bamafayela, kanye nokudluliselwa kwenqwaba ngaphandle kwe-P2P

Ngale kwe-BitTorrent, umqondo we usayizi wefayela Futhi ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho kuthuthwa khona idatha enkulu: amabhizinisi, ucwaningo lwesayensi, amakhophi ekhophi, ukusatshalaliswa kwesofthiwe, njll.

Sikhuluma ngama-database athatha ama-terabyte noma ama-petabyte, amavidiyo angacindezelwe angu-4K kanye nama-8K, imidlalo edlula kalula amashumi ama-gigabyte, izithombe zezinhlelo zamafayela eziphelele, amasethi edatha e-LHC, noma ama-index amakhulu ezinjini zokusesha. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, iphutha le-bit eyodwa lingaba nemiphumela ebiza kakhulu.

Ezweni lezinkampani, kusetshenziswa amapulatifomu akhethekile ukuze ukudluliselwa okuphephile kwamafayela amakhuluLezi zinyathelo zifaka phakathi ukubethela ekuthuthweni, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile, izilawuli zokufinyelela, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukusayina kwedijithali. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela lifika liphelele, lingashintshiwe, futhi lifika kubamukeli abagunyaziwe kuphela.

Izindlela eziningana zihlanganisiwe: isitoreji izinsizakalo zokubamba amafayela ezisekelwe efwini ezinezixhumanisi ezabiwe, i-FTP/SFTP, i-FTPS, i-VPN...ngisho nezindlela ze-P2P ezizimele noma ezilawulwayo. Njalo ngokuqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa ama-hash anjenge umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela lapho kubhekene namaphutha noma ukukhohlisa.

Ngalo mqondo, ifilosofi iyafana nalapho usebenzisa ama-torrent kuma-ISO: ukudluliselwa kungaba okuthembekile kakhulu, kodwa ukuhlolwa okuzimele Kuhlala kuyisilinganiso sokuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kokugcina kufana nohlelo lokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthathwe yiphi indlela.

Lesi sithombe sonke senza into eyodwa icace bha: I-BitTorrent isivele yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu njengohlelo lokuqinisekisa lwangaphakathi ngenxa yama-hash ayo amancane, ngakho awudingi i-checksum eyengeziwe ukuze wazi ukuthi ukulanda kuqedwe ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha, ubuqiniso, noma isitoreji sesikhathi eside, kusengumkhuba omuhle ukwengeza i-torrent nge... izamba zangaphandle (SHA-256, SHA-512 noma amasignesha)Gcina inethiwekhi ye-P2P elungiselelwe kahle futhi uthembele kumathuluzi okuqinisekisa lapho uphatha ukuqoqwa okukhulu noma idatha ebucayi kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela Yokukhiqiza Nokwabelana Ngamafayela e-torrent: Umhlahlandlela Osebenzayo kanye Namathiphu Abalulekile

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.