UGabe Newell kanye nobugebengu: isevisi, hhayi intengo, kanye nomphumela weSteam

Iminyaka eminingi, impikiswano mayelana nokuphanga imidlalo yevidiyo Ifika iphinde idlule, kodwa ambalwa amazwi abecace njengelikaGabe Newell. Umsunguli weValve uthi umnyombo wenkinga awukona intengo, kodwa isevisi.Lona umbono awuphindaphinde ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni eziningi, futhi, okubonwa ngombono, osiza ukuqonda impumelelo yeSteam uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izitolo.

Isikhundla seValve bekuwukuthi, ngokwezwi nezwi, ukubhukuda ngokumelene nesimanje embonini okwathi isikhathi eside yakhetha ukubeka imigoqo. U-Newell wachaza ukuthi uma umsebenzisi ebona isevisi engcono ngokusebenzisa umzila "we-pirate" (ukutholakala, isivinini, ukunethezeka), khona-ke inkinga ilele kulabo abathengisa ngokusemthethweni.Futhi qaphela: lokhu akukhona mayelana nokuthethelela noma yini, kodwa mayelana nokubona ukuthi kungani kwenzeka nokuthi ungalwa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.

Ithesis kaNewell: ubugebengu buyinkinga yesevisi

Ezitatimendeni ezimbalwa, uNewell ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ubugebengu bebungekho ngisho phakathi kwezinto ezimkhathaza kakhulu uValve. "Uma sibuyekeza izinkinga eziyishumi ezinkulu zamanje, ubugebengu cishe abuveli ohlwini."Wachaza, egcizelela ukuthi kunombono oyiphutha oyisisekelo embonini: umqondo wokuthi izigebengu "zifuna yonke into mahhala."

Ukucabanga kwakhe kuqondile futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulimaza. Uma abantu abaningi kangaka benama-PC abizayo futhi bekhokha ngokwenkolo uxhumano lwabo lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu, akukhona ukuthi abafuni ukukhokha: ukuthi bazimisele ukwenza kanjalo, kodwa bafuna ukunethezeka nokufinyelela okungenazihibe.Ngakho-ke, ngokukaNewell, ubugebengu buyanda lapho umsebenzi osemthethweni wehluleka.

Umbono, ofinyezwe emshweni owahamba emhlabeni wonke, ukuthi "ubugebengu buhlala buyinkinga yesevisi, hhayi inkinga yentengo." U-Newell ufanekisele umehluko ngesibonelo esiphathekayo kakhulu: isigebengu sasolwandle singanikeza igeyimu kunoma yiliphi izwe, 24/7, kuyilapho umthengisi osemthethweni eyivimba ngokwesifunda, ayibambezele izinyanga, futhi ayikhawulele ezitolo ezibonakalayo.Uma lokho kwenzeka, "inkonzo" yesigebengu, emehlweni omthengi, iphuma phezulu. Ilula futhi ilula.

Isibonelo saseRussia: ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye nokwenza kwasendaweni

Elinye lamacala avame ukucashunwa nguNewell yiRussia, indawo yakudala enezihloko zezindaba ezilula. Iminyaka eminingi bekucatshangwa ukuthi "yonke into iphathwa kabi e-Russia," ngakho bekungafanele ukutshala imali endaweni noma ekutholakaleni.I-valve yathatha indlela ehlukile: yethulwa kanyekanye, yenziwa indawo ngesiRashiya, futhi yavula indlela yokufinyelela.

Kwenzekani-ke? Akushoyo kuzwakala njengempama engokoqobo. Empeleni, amaqembu ezigelekeqe ayehlinzeka "isevisi" engcono kunemboni ngokwayo: ahumusha ngokushesha futhi asakaza ngaso leso sikhathi.Lapho iValve ifanisa lezo zimo - ukukhishwa ngasikhathi sinye ne-Australia, i-UK noma i-US kanye ne-Russian yasendaweni - inkinga yobugebengu eRussia yanyamalala.

Ukushintsha kwakunamandla kangangokuthi uNewell ngokwakhe waze wathi imakethe yaseRussia idlula iJalimane futhi yaba imakethe yakhe enkulu kunazo zonke ezwenikazi. Labo abathi "konke kuphangiwe eRussia", ngokuxakayo, yibo abathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuletha umkhiqizo wabo emakethe yaseRussia.Umlayezo ucacile: usuku nendawo kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-DRM kanye nezinhlelo zokulwa nokukopisha: lapho umuthi ubhebhethekisa isifo

Lokho kwesaba "kokuboshwa" noma ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe ngenxa yento evamile njengokufometha noma ukushintsha imishini, ngamazwi akhe, okuphambene ncamashi nalokho ikhasimende elikufunayo. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele wazi ukuthi uzokwazi dlala kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokwesabaLapho i-DRM yethula ukungaqiniseki, icindezela abanye abasebenzisi ukuthi babheke izinguqulo ngaphandle kwaleyo mikhawulo.

U-Newell uze waze waphakamisa ukuthi kukhona "ubufakazi be-anecdotal" bokuthi amasistimu athile amelene nokukopisha, kude nokunciphisa ubugebengu, empeleni ayakwandisa. Iresiphi yakho: qinisa ingxenye yesevisiesikhundleni sokuyicindezela ngemikhawuloUma umsebenzisi ezwa sengathi yonke into ilula, iyaguquguquka futhi iyafinyeleleka, isilingo sokufuna ezinye izindlela "ezingekho emthethweni" siyawa.

I-Steam inikezela ngani uma iqhathaniswa nekhophi ephihliwe?

Umbono weValve ufakwe kuSteam, okungesona nje isitolo, kodwa i-ecosystem. Ngaphandle kokuthenga, inkundla yengeza isitoreji samafu (I-Steam Cloud), izimpumelelo, izinkundla, imihlahlandlela, ukubuyekezwa, amaphrofayili nabangani, kanye nezithombe-skrini ezihlanganisiweLezi izinzuzo ezibambekayo, ezihlanganiswe nomtapo wolwazi nosekelo oluhlangene, zidale isiphakamiso okunzima ukusifanisa kumkhakha "ongekho emthethweni".

Lelo nani elingeziwe libonakala ikakhulukazi kusevisi yangemva kokuthengisa nokuqhubekayo. Umdlalo othengwe kuSteam uletha umphakathi, izibuyekezo, izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe, nezincomo zemvelo.Lolo uhlobo lwesevisi oluqeda ugqozi lokugebenga, ngoba okuthengayo akulona nje ifayela elisebenzisekayo, kodwa ulwazi oluphelele oluzungeze umdlalo.

Ngokuhambisanayo, imakethe ibone amanye amasu. Ezinye izitolo zitshale imali eningi ekuthengeni amadili okukhethekile esikhashana, kodwa ngokushiyeka kuzici zomphakathi, izinsiza zefu, noma izimpumelelo.Emiphakathini efana ne-PC Master Race, ivezwa imibono eqinile: abanye abasebenzisi bathi uma isevisi esemthethweni iyimbi futhi ingakhuthazi ukuzethemba mayelana nobumfihlo noma ukuphepha, ngeke bacabange ngisho nokufaka leso sitolo.

Obunye balabo bufakazi, obuphawuleka kakhulu, bukusho ngokungananazi: akasoze afaka isiqalisi esithile ku-PC yakhe futhi, empeleni, uzothenga umdlalo ngaphandle kokungabaza uma uphuma kuSteam noma i-GOG, mhlawumbe i-Origin, kodwa hhayi kumapulatifomu abawabheka "okubi kakhulu" kuwo. Windows. Uze waveza ukuthi, ebhekene nokukhishwa okukhethekile okufana ne-Outer Worlds, ukusabela kwakhe kwaba wukukhetha ukungayithengi lapho bese elinda enye indlela.Futhi kulabo ababemsola ngokuthi "akakwazi ukukhokhela imidlalo," uphendule ngokuthi kwakungeyona indaba yemali, kodwa inkonzo, ehambisana nayo nesithombe-skrini somlando wakhe wokuthenga.

Le mibono ayiwona amaqiniso aphelele, kodwa ibalulekile ngoba ibonisa umbono womphakathi. Isisekelo sika-Newell siyalingana: uma isevisi yezomthetho ilahlekelwa ikhwalithi noma ukwethenjwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenketho engekho emthethweni, kuzoba khona indiza.Futhi cha, lokhu akukona ukugunyaza ubugebengu; kuwukuxilonga ukuncintisana ngokuphumelelayo.

Inani nedatha: ukunwebeka okwamangaza iValve

Enye yezinzuzo zeSteam ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ubheke ukuziphatha kwemakethe ngesikhathi sangempela. I-Valve ithe, ekuhloleni kwayo, intengo inwebeka kakhulu futhi ukuyishintsha kuthinta isidingo ngezindlela ezingahlali zinembile.Eqinisweni, esivivinyweni esibalulekile bayehlise i-Counter-Strike ngo-75% futhi okwalandela kwabashiya bengawuvali umlomo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho obekulindelekile, lokho kwehla kwentengo okukhulu akuzange nje konakalise imiphumela: kukhulise ibhizinisi eliyinhloko. Ukwehliswa kwentengo okwedlulele kuphindaphinde ukuthengiswa futhi, ngenxa yevolumu ewumphumela, kwenyusa isamba semali engenayo.Kusukela lapho, i-Valve iqhubekile nokuzama izinqubomgomo zamanani, ukunikezwa kwesikhathi esilinganiselwe, nokuhlukaniswa, kuncike kumasignali abukhoma.

Ayigcini ezaphulelo. Imodeli yokudlala yamahhala ibonise ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kungaba phezulu kakhulu kunokwezimo zomphakathi wangaleso sikhathi, njengeFarmVille.Ngesisekelo esibanzi sabasebenzisi, amathuba okwenza imali ngezinto ezibonakalayo noma amaphasi ayakhula, aphinde abe nombono "wesevisi eqhubekayo" ngokumelene nokuthenga kanyekanye.

Isevisi kuqala: lokho umdlali akulindele lapho ethenga

Uma u-Newell ekhuluma "ngesevisi", akakwenzi lokho ngokufingqiwe. Isho ukutholakala ngokushesha, indawo efanele, umtapo wolwazi ufinyeleleka kunoma iyiphi i-PC Akukho ukuhlukumezeka, kanye nokungaqiniseki uma sekuyisikhathi sokufaka kabusha noma ukushintsha isisetshenziswaLokho kuthula kwengqondo okusebenzayo—ukwazi ukudlala endlini yomngane, ku-travel internet cafe, noma ngemva kokuthuthukisa ihadiwe—kubalulekile.

Inani elicatshangwayo lihlanganisa nomuzwa wokuba sendaweni lapho igeyimu ishintsha khona, ifakwe nezichibiyelo, futhi kuxoxwa ngayo. Amaforamu, ukubuyekezwa, imihlahlandlela, nezithombe-skrini kudala inkumbulo ehlangene enezela inani langempela ekuthengweni.Yingakho amasistimu amelene nokukopisha aphula lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile engathandwa kakhulu: ajezisa ikhasimende elithembekile ngaphezu kophula umthetho.

Lokho okusitshela khona udaba lokuzikhethela

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuthi "isevisi yomsebenzisi" kanye "nesevisi yomshicileli" kubonakala ezivumelwaneni zokukhethekile zesikhashana zeziqalisi ezithile. Umbono abanye abawumelayo owokuncintisana kukhathalogi eqinisekisiwe, hhayi ngezici.Kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi uma izici eziyisisekelo zishoda futhi kuphakama ukukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka noma ubumfihlo, ezinye izethameli zizohoxa.

Endabeni ezungeza ezinkundleni, abanye bathi uma isihloko esithakazelisayo sivela endaweni yesikhulumi esinezici ezimbalwa, bakhetha ukungasithengi lapho. Isibonelo esicashunwe ku-The Outer Worlds siyaphindaphinda: abantu abebezosikhokhela lapho yethulwa ku-Steam, GOG, noma ngisho ne-Origin, banqume ukungakwenzi lokho ngenxa yesiteshi esikhethekile.Umlayezo abawudluliselayo, noma ngabe ungezwi eliqondile noma elibi, uqondana nethisisi ka-Newell: isevisi idlula inani esinqumweni.

Amanye amapulatifomu kanye ne-PC ecosystem

Ingxoxo ayigcini kuSteam. I-GOG izimise ngomnikelo ongena-DRM, kuyilapho i-Desura igqama ngaleso sikhathi njengenkundla ye-indie-friendly futhi ubukhona ku-LinuxIsitolo ngasinye sicwenga "inani elingeziwe" laso, futhi lokho ukuncintisana kwangempela uNewell athi uyawugubha.

I-valve, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde yaphusha umdlalo ngale kweWindows. Ukufika kukaSteam ku Mac Futhi isinqumo sabo sokuletha i-Portal ku-PS3 siphawule ushintsho esimweni sengqondo: ukungqubuzana okuncane phakathi kwamapulatifomu kanye nemidlalo eminingi lapho umsebenzisi efuna khona.Leyo filosofi ihambisana nalokho okufunwa ngumdlali uma ekhuluma ngesevisi: inkululeko yokuzikhethela.

Kusukela ohlangothini lwentuthuko, akubona bonke abantu ababona into efanayo. Ezinye izifundo zincoma ukuhlaziya kanye nezikali zesikhathi sangempela ze-Steam, kuyilapho ezinye zibuza izinkokhelo noma ukubonakala kwazo.Njengoba ukuhlaziya okuseduze nenkampani kuvunyiwe, kunesidingo sokulalela ngokujulile lawa maqembu futhi ulinganise izintshisekelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono womsebenzisi wokugcina.

Izimiso ezisebenzayo ezithathwe embonweni kaGabe Newell

• Ukutholakala kanye kanye kanyeUkushicilela kuzo zonke izindawo kanye kanye nangokwenza kwasendaweni ngokucophelela kunciphisa isilingo sokufuna ezinye izindlela "ezingekho emthethweni".
• Isevisi ngaphezu kwe-DRMUkuqeda ukungqubuzana nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okuzinzile kumathuluzi amasha noma izakhiwo kwakha ukwethembana nokwethembeka.
• Imisebenzi eyengezayoIfu, izimpumelelo, umphakathi, usekelo, nezibuyekezo ziguqula ukuthenga kube ukuzizwisa okuqinile, hhayi isenzo esizimele.
• Inani njengesisekelo, hhayi njengenkolelo-mbonoIzaphulelo zamacebo namamodeli amahhala okudlala anganweba isisekelo somsebenzisi futhi athuthukise imiphumela uma asekelwe kudatha yangempela.

Uma kubhekwa irekhodi le-Valve, kunzima ukuphika ukuthi indlela yabo iye yavumelana: ukuhlasela umsuka wenkinga ngokunikeza isevisi engcono kunenye indlela engekho emthethweni. Uma abadlali bezwa sengathi inketho esemthethweni ilula kakhulu, iyashesha, inothile ngezici, futhi inokwethenjelwa, isisusa sokugebenga siyaphela.Leso kwakuyisifundo esitholwe e-Russia, isizathu sokuthi kungani i-DRM evimbelayo ibize, nokuthi kungani izivivinyo ezifana nokwehliswa kwentengo okungu-75% kwe-Counter-Strike kusebenze kahle kakhulu. Emgogodleni wawo, umqondo olula kodwa onamandla: ukunakekela ikhasimende akusona nje isiqubulo; yisu lokuwina.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Amathiphu nezilungiselelo ze-Steam zeWindows ezenza umehluko ngempela

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.