Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokusebenzisa i-Netsh ku-Windows 11: Imiyalo Ethuthukisiwe Namaqhinga

Uke wezwa ngomyalo netsh kodwa awukacaci ukuthi isetshenziselwani ngempela Windows 11 Noma ingakusiza kanjani ukuthi uphathe futhi ulungise inethiwekhi yakho? Uma uke wahlangabezana nezinkinga zokuxhuma, udinga ukumisa i-Wi-Fi yakho, i-adaptha yakho ye-Ethernet, noma ufuna nje ukuqonda ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-PC yakho isebenza kanjani, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi osesikhathini samanje lapha. Namuhla sizongena kukho konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho netsh, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-IPv4, i-firewall, i-DNS, ibhuloho lenethiwekhi... nokuthi ingakusindisa kanjani ezinkingeni ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ezichazwe ngolimi olulula kanye nezibonelo ezingokoqobo.

Kulesi sihloko, ngeke uthole kuphela ukuthi ingeyani nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, kodwa futhi tricks okuthuthukile, izibonelo zengqikithi ngayinye kanye imiyalo Amathuluzi awusizo azokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu, noma ngabe ungumuntu osaqalayo noma umsebenzisi wezobuchwepheshe. Hlola ukuthi lokhu kunamandla kangakanani Windows 11 ithuluzi lomdabu lingakwazi ukwenza inethiwekhi yakho isebenze ngemizuzwana.

Iyini i-netsh futhi kungani isasebenza kakhulu Windows 11?

Umyalo netsh Kuyinto a isisetshenziswa somdabu seWindows okuyinto egijima kusukela kulayini womyalo (I-CMD) noma I-PowerShell, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise, uguqule, futhi uhlole ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi yesistimu. Isikhalo sayo esiyinhloko ukuguquguquka kwayo: ungenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, uxazulule izinkinga, uhlele ukuthekelisa, uphathe i-Wi-Fi, uguqule isitaki se-TCP/IP, ulawule ummeleli, i-firewall, nokunye okuningi, konke ngaphandle kwesidingo se-graphical interface. Nakuba ingenakho ukukhanga okubonakalayo kwamathuluzi esimanje, kusalokhu kuyisidingo kubaphathi nabashisekayo.

Leli thuluzi litholakala ezinguqulweni ezindala ze-Windows ezifana ne-2000, XP, 7, 8, 10 futhi kunjalo Windows 11Futhi nakuba ezinye izimo zishintsha noma zingasasebenzi, insiza evamile isala futhi ibuyekezwa ukuze ilawule kokubili i-IPv4 ne-IPv6, amaphrofayela e-Wi-Fi, kanye ne-firewall ethuthukisiwe.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinhle ze netsh kunjalo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze kuwo womabili amaqembu endawo nakude, ilungele izindawo zebhizinisi noma ukugcina amakhompyutha amaningi ngaphandle kokusuka esihlalweni sakho. Futhi, imiyalo yayo ingasetshenziswa emibhalweni yemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, ilungele labo abafuna ukusebenza kahle noma abadinga ukusebenzisa izinguquko kumadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kanye nezinzuzo zomyalo we-netsh ekusebenzeni

Amandla eliwanikezayo netsh ihlala emandleni ayo okwenza a imiyalo ehlukahlukene Amathuluzi agxile kunethiwekhi, njengokuphathwa kwe-adaptha, ukulungiselelwa kwe-IP, i-Wi-Fi, izindonga zokuvikela, i-DNS, ama-proxies, amabhuloho enethiwekhi, nokuningi. Yingakho, nakuba lingase lingabi ithuluzi elihle kakhulu, laziswa kakhulu: ibeka endaweni eyodwa cishe yonke into ebalulekile mayelana nokuxhumana.

• Ukuxilongwa Nokulungiswa Kwenethiwekhi: Ikuvumela ukuthi usethe kabusha i-IP, i-TCP/IP, nezilungiselelo ze-Winsock, ukhulule futhi uvuselele ikheli lakho le-IP lamanje, noma usule inqolobane yakho ye-DNS. Uma i-inthanethi yakho ingasebenzi kahle, lena yindawo yokuqala okufanele uyibheke.
• Ukucushwa kwe-adaptha okuthuthukisiwe: unganikeza i-IP i-static noma i-dynamic, lungiselela i-DNS, bonisa isimo se-adaptha, futhi ushintshe izilungiselelo ngokuvamile ezingatholakala kuphela kumamenyu esistimu afihleke kakhulu.
• Ukuphathwa nokucushwa kwe-Wi-Fi: Ungabuka amaphrofayili alondoloziwe, uphoqelele ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo noma okwenziwa ngesandla, futhi ulungise isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Wi-Fi ngomugqa womyalo.
• Khipha futhi ubuyisele izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi: kubalulekile ekuhlolweni noma ukukongela ubuhlungu bekhanda ngemva koshintsho oluyiphutha.
• I-firewall yeWindows: dala imithetho, vula izimbobo, gunyaza izinhlelo noma amasevisi, setha kabusha i-firewall... konke ngaphandle kokuthinta iphaneli yokulawula.
• Ukulawula ummeleli nezilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe: Ilungele abasebenzisi abathuthukile noma izindawo ezichwepheshile lapho ithrafikhi ye-HTTP(S) idlula kumaphrokzi athile.
• Ibhuloho lenethiwekhi: Uma udinga ukujoyina ama-adaptha amabili engxenyeni eyodwa, i-Netsh yenza kube lula nayo.

Njengoba ubona, netsh Ilungele kokubili ukulungisa amaphutha athile kanye nokwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ukusetha izindawo zenethiwekhi kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ungavula kanjani futhi uqale ukusebenzisa i-Netsh ku-Windows 11

Ngaphambi kokuthi ugxumele emiyalweni yokuthayipha, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungaqala kanjani netsh ohlelweni lwakho. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngokusebenzisa I-PowerShell noma nge ikhonsoli yomyalo (CMD). Kuhlale kuhle ukugijima i- Isikhumulo njengoba umlawuli, njengoba izici ezithuthukile eziningi zidinga izimvume eziphakeme.

Izinyathelo zokuvula i-CMD njengomlawuli:

• Qhafaza Win + R, kubhala cmd bese ucindezela Ctrl + Shift + FakaUma kuvela iwindi licela imvume, yemukela.

Noma, thayipha "cmd" kumenyu yokuqala, chofoza kwesokudla, bese ukhetha "Run as administrator." Futhi ungasesha i-"PowerShell," chofoza kwesokudla, bese uqalisa njengomphathi.

Uma usungaphakathi, mane uthayiphe netsh bese ucindezela u-Enter. Manje usungakwazi ukufaka imiyalo ngamunye ngamunye, noma ukhiphe imigqa ephelele ngokuqondile, kanje:

netsh interface ipv4 set address "Ethernet" static 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

Ithiphu! Uma ufuna ukubona imiyalo nosizo olutholakalayo, mane uthayiphe:

netsh /?

futhi uzothola uhlu oluphelele lwezingqikithi nezinketho zokuqala.

I-syntax evamile kanye nesakhiwo semiyalo ye-netsh

Ukwakheka kwemiyalo kunengqondo kodwa kubalulekile ukuyigcina icacile ukuze ugweme amaphutha. i-syntax eyisisekelo landela le fomethi:

netsh    

Ezinye izibonelo zezinketho zomhlaba jikelele:

• -a AliasFile: Nikeza imiyalo kusuka kufayela elingaziwa bese ubuyela ku-netsh.
• -c Umongo: finyelela ngokuqondile kulowo mongo (isb. i-wlan, i-firewall).
• -r RemoteTeam: ikhombisa ukuthi umyalo uzosetshenziswa kwenye ikhompuyutha eyirimothi.
• -u Igama lesizinda\Umsebenzisi: isebenza njengomsebenzisi othile, iwusizo ezindaweni zebhizinisi.
• -p Iphasiwedi: ingeza ukhiye wokuqinisekisa.
• -f I-ScriptFile: yenza imiyalelo efayeleni iskripthi bese uphuma netsh.

Noma nini ubhala ? noma “usizo” ngemva komyalo, uzothola usizo lokuqukethwe kanye nohlu lwemiyalo engaphansi etholakalayo.

Izimo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nezingaphansi ku-Netsh ze Windows 11

I-Netsh isebenza nayo izingqikithi, ngayinye ixhunywe endaweni ethile yenethiwekhi. Lezi zingqikithi zingase zibe nemibhalo engezansi, futhi ngayinye inohlu lwayo lwemiyalo nokusetshenziswa:

• • isikhombikubona: ukulungiselelwa kokusebenzelana kwenethiwekhi (IPv4, IPv6, TCP, UDP, portproxy, njll.).
  • wlan: ukuphathwa kokuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi namaphrofayili.
  • i-advfirewall: ukulawula okuthuthukisiwe kwemithetho ye-firewall namaphrofayili okuphepha.
  • winhttp: Izilungiselelo zommeleli we-Windows HTTP.
  • ibhuloho: ukuphathwa kwamabhuloho enethiwekhi phakathi kwama-adaptha.
  • dnsclient, dhcpclient: izilungiselelo ezihlobene namaklayenti e-DNS kanye ne-DHCP.

WINSOCK: : ukulungisa isitaki senethiwekhi esiyisisekelo.

Ukuthola zonke izimo ezitholakala kusistimu yakho, ungaqalisa:

netsh /?

noma futhi:

netsh help

Kumongo ngamunye, ungamba ujule ngokubheka imiyalo etholakalayo nemibhalo engezansi, isibonelo:

netsh interface help

Imiyalo ebalulekile yokulungisa ukuxhumana ku-Windows 11

Ingabe unezinkinga zokuxhuma? I-Wi-Fi ngeke ixhumeke, ikheli lakho le-IP lilokhu lehla, noma ukufinyelela kwakho ku-inthanethi kuyanyamalala ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo? Imiyalo engukhiye ku-Netsh nezinye izinsiza ongayilandela ngokulandelana ukuze uzame ukubuyisela ukuxhumeka kwakho ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha noma yini:

• netsh winsock reset: Iqala kabusha isistimu yesokhethi, ixazulula izinkinga ezinkulu zenethiwekhi.
• netsh int ip reset: Isetha kabusha isitaki se-TCP/IP, ilungile uma unokuhluleka kwe-IP okuqhubekayo.
• netsh advfirewall reset: imisa kabusha yonke imithetho yohlelo lokuvikela ibe sesimweni sayo sokuqala, iwusizo kakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi imithetho ikuvimbela ukuthi uphequlule.
• ipconfig /flushdns: Ikhanyisa inqolobane ye-DNS, ilungile uma amanye amawebhusayithi engalayishi.
• ipconfig /release: Beka i-IP yamanje.
• ipconfig /renew: ucela i-IP entsha ku- router.

El i-oda elinconyiwe Ukuze usebenzise le miyalo uma unenethiwekhi engazinzile, yilokhu:

ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset
netsh advfirewall reset

Ngemva kokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo, qala kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho ukuze usebenzise zonke izinguquko. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwale nqubo, uxhumano lubuyela ekusebenzeni njengewashi.

Lungiselela amakheli e-IP, imaski, nesango nge-Netsh

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu netsh es nikeza amakheli e-IP amile noma aguqukayo kuma-adaptha enethiwekhi ahlukene, kungaba i-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet.

Uma ufuna ukusetha i-IP engashintshi kusixhumi esibonakalayo (isibonelo, “LAN” noma “Wi-Fi”), umyalo uzoba:

netsh interface ipv4 set address name="LAN" source=static address=192.168.5.2 mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.5.210

Ukuze uguqule amaseva e-DNS ayinhloko nawesibili:

netsh interface ipv4 set dnsservers "LAN" static 8.8.8.8 validate=no
netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver "LAN" 8.8.4.4 index=2 validate=no

Ingabe udinga ukubuyela ekusebenziseni i-DHCP futhi wenze umzila unikeze yonke into ngokuzenzakalelayo?

netsh interface ipv4 set address "LAN" dhcp
netsh interface ipv4 set dnsservers "LAN" dhcp

Uma unemibuzo mayelana negama lesixhumi esibonakalayo, ungalihlola nge:

netsh interface show interface

Ukuphatha amanethiwekhi angenantambo namaphrofayili e-Wi-Fi nge-netsh

netsh Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ukusetha, ukubuyekezwa, kanye nokukhohlisa amaphrofayili e-Wi-Fi alondolozwe kuwe Windows 11 ikhompuyutha. Isibonelo, ukubuka amaphrofayili agciniwe:

netsh wlan show profiles

Ukushintsha imodi yokuxhuma okuzenzakalelayo ibe mathupha kunethiwekhi ethile:

netsh wlan set profileparameter name="NombreDeRed" connectionmode=manual

Futhi uma ufuna i-Wi-Fi yakho ihlale ixhumeka ngokuzenzakalelayo:

netsh wlan set profileparameter name="NombreDeRed" connectionmode=auto

Ungahlola futhi izilungiselelo ze-IP ne-DNS zesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Wi-Fi:

netsh interface ipv4 show address Wi-Fi
netsh interface ipv4 show dns Wi-Fi

Ungakhipha kanjani kalula futhi ubuyisele izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi

Ingabe uyazama izinto noma uthanda ikhono lokubuyela esimweni sangaphambilini uma okuthile kwehluleka? netsh kuyakuvumela Khipha zonke izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi efayeleni lombhalo bese ulibuyisela lapho ulidinga:

• Ukuze ulondoloze ukucushwa kufayela:

netsh dump >> c:\redes\configuracion.txt

• Ukuze uyibuyisele isuka kulelo fayela:

netsh -f c:\redes\configuracion.txt

Ngale ndlela, ungabuyisa isimo senethiwekhi esisebenzayo ngemizuzwana uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle ngemva koshintsho.

I-Windows Firewall Ethuthukisiwe: Imithetho, Amaphrofayili, Nokusetha Kabusha nge-Netsh

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina ukuphepha ku Windows 11 yi- IWindows firewall. Umongo i-advfirewall I-netsh ikuvumela ukuthi udale, uguqule futhi ususe imithetho ngokuguquguquka okukhulu.

Izibonelo ezingokoqobo zezenzo ezijwayelekile kakhulu:

• Vula imbobo (efana ne-80 ye-HTTP):

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Open Port 80" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=80

• Susa umthetho odalwe ngegama:

netsh advfirewall firewall delete rule name="Open Port 80" protocol=TCP localport=80

• Setha kabusha i-firewall ibe amanani azenzakalelayo:

netsh advfirewall reset

• Vumela uhlelo oluthile:

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="MiAplicacion" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Ruta\MiApp.exe" enable=yes

• Nika amandla i-firewall kuphrofayela yamanje noma ethile (eyimfihlo, yomphakathi, isizinda):

netsh advfirewall set currentprofile state on
netsh advfirewall set privateprofile state on
netsh advfirewall set publicprofile state on

Ungase futhi ubeke imithetho yokuvumela (noma uvimbele) izinhlobo zethrafikhi ye-ICMP, vumela ukugawulwa kwemithi, nokunye okuningi.

Ukuphatha amabhuloho enethiwekhi nge-netsh bridge

Uma unama-adaptha amabili noma ngaphezulu endaweni yakho futhi udinga ukuwahlanganisa abe linye ibhuloho lenethiwekhi Ukuze wabelane ngezinsiza phakathi kwamasegimenti ahlukene, i-Netsh yenza kube lula ukwakha, ukulungisa, nokususa amabhuloho.

Imiyalo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa:

• Faka kuhlu wonke amabhuloho akhona:

netsh bridge list

• Bona ama-adaptha atholakalayo ebhuloho:

netsh bridge show adapter

• Dala ibhuloho phakathi kwama-adaptha amabili (ngegama, i-GUID noma i-IfIndex):

netsh bridge create "Wi-Fi" "Ethernet"

• Engeza i-adaptha ebhulohweni eselidaliwe:

netsh bridge add "NombreAdaptador" to "GUIDpuente"

• Ukukhipha i-adaptha ebhulohweni:

netsh bridge remove "NombreAdaptador" from "GUIDpuente"

• Susa wonke ama-adaptha ebhulohweni futhi uwabhubhise:

netsh bridge destroy "GUIDpuente"

Ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukukhomba kuqala ama-adaptha kanye ne-GUID yebhuloho enemiyalo yohlu ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo, ukugwema amaphutha.

Ummeleli othuthukisiwe nezilungiselelo ze-WinHTTP

Kumanethiwekhi amaningi ezinkampani, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kuyadlula amaseva abambekayo. I-Windows iphethe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-proxy yomsebenzisi (yeziphequluli nezinhlelo zokusebenza) kanye nommeleli we-WinHTTP (wamasevisi angaphakathi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu). netsh Kumongo we-Winhttp, ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise, usethe kabusha, futhi ubonise izilungiselelo zalo mmeleli wesistimu. Ukuze uthole ukucushwa okuningiliziwe, ungaphinda ubuyekeze Ungayisetha kanjani iseva elibamba ku Windows 11.

• Ukungenisa izilungiselelo ku-Internet Explorer:

netsh winhttp import proxy source=ie

• Ukuchaza ummeleli omusha futhi ukhiphe izizinda ezithile:

netsh winhttp set proxy proxy-server="http=mi-proxy;https=mi-secure-proxy:88" bypass-list="*.empresa.com"

• Setha kabusha izilungiselelo:

netsh winhttp reset proxy

• Bonisa izilungiselelo zamanje:

netsh winhttp show proxy

Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe zommeleli zingachazwa nangefomethi ye-JSON kusetshenziswa “isetha i-advproxy,” ewusizo ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu noma ezizenzakalelayo.

Ifomethi, i-syntax, namaqhinga okuphatha i-Netsh ngaphandle kokusangana

Njengemiyalo eminingi netsh Njengoba ane-syntax eqinile, kulula ukwenza amaphutha lapho uwabhala, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekisela kumagama okusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi noma imingcele. Ngakho-ke, kunamaqhinga amaningana okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Izintambo ezinezikhala noma izinhlamvu ezikhethekile ZIHLALA zivalelwe ngezingcaphuno ezimbiliIsibonelo: "Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo."
• Uma ungabaza, sebenzisa inombolo yenkomba (IfIndex) esikhundleni segama lesixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze ugweme amaphutha abangelwa ama-tilde noma izikhala..
• Ipharamitha yenkomba ku-DNS ichaza ukuhleleka kokuncanyelwayo kwamaseva.
• Sebenzisa i-netsh /? noma usizo ngemva kwanoma imuphi umyalo, umongo, noma umongo ongaphansi ukuze uhlale ubona uhlu lwezinketho ezivumelekile.

Imfihlo yokungaduki ukuzilolonga, uthintane nezibonelo futhi, uma kungenzeka, uhlole kusengaphambili. imishini engokoqobo noma ezindaweni ezingabalulekile.

Izinzuzo zamanje kanye nemikhawulo ye-netsh

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, netsh Akulona ithuluzi eliphelele lawo wonke umuntu. Igqame ngakho Ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke, amandla, ukuguquguquka, namandla okubhala, kodwa futhi inezihibe ezithile okufanele uzazi:

• I-syntax eyinkimbinkimbi: idinga ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane, ikakhulukazi ngamapharamitha amade noma okunzima ukuwabiza.
• Ngaphandle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo: Kungaba inselele kubasebenzisi abangajwayele itheminali, nakuba ijika lokufunda linqotshwa ngokushesha.
• Ijwayele ukwenza iphutha lomuntu: isikhala esisodwa nje esilahlekile sanele ukwenza umyalo ungasebenzi.
• Ezinye izici ezithuthukisiwe zenethiwekhi yesimanje azisasekelwa ku-netshI-Microsoft ishintshela okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ku-PowerShell nama-cmdlets amasha.
• Amalungelo omlawuli ayadingeka nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezifanele.

Ekugcineni, nakuba ezinye izici zingase zingasebenzi, lihlala liyithuluzi elibalulekile Windows 11 lokuphatha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, ngenxa yokuhambisana nokuvumelana nezimo.