Lungisa ibhafa nosayizi bomugqa ku-PowerShell naku-CMD

Lapho usebenza ne-console ku-Windows, ukulungisa ifayela usayizi webhafa yesikrini kanye nenani lemigqa efasiteleni lingenza umehluko phakathi kweseshini ebushelelezi kanye nokuzizwisa okungabekezeleleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni zokuphatha ezikude (njengokufinyelela kwe-serial nge-SAC in imishini engokoqobo), ukwazi ukuthi uyinqampuna kanjani noma uyisondeza kanjani ikhonsoli futhi wenze ikhophi ephumayo ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa ulwazi.

Kulo mhlahlandlela ngiyakutshela, ngendlela eqondile futhi egcwele imiyalo, indlela yokusetha yonke into kusuka I-CMD y I-PowerShell:kusukela izilawuli zokuklama eziyisisekelo nemibala, ngemiyalo ye-MODE kanye ne-COLOR, ukuphikelela ngokusebenzisa Isibhalisi, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhonsoli ku-Windows 10 futhi isebenzise ezimweni ezinzima ezifana I-Azure VM ene-SACUzobona futhi ukuthi i-Windows Console API yokulinganisa amabhafa/amawindi imayelana nani nokuthi ihlangana kanjani neWindows. ukuphela.

Iyini ibhafa yesikrini nokuthi ihlobana kanjani newindi

Ibhafa yesikrini iyigridi yamaseli ezinhlamvu (ububanzi x ubude) futhi ikhonsoli ngayinye inewindi elihlotshaniswayo elibonisa ingxenye engunxande yaleyo bhafa. iwindi alikwazi ukudlula ubukhulu bebhafa noma lokho isikrini esikuvumelayo ngokusekelwe kusayizi wefonti. Ngakho-ke, uma iwindi likhulu kune-buffer, imisebenzi ethile izohluleka.

Imisebenzi ye-Windows API ikusiza ukuthi uqonde futhi ulungise le mikhawulo: I-GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo ibuyisela usayizi webhafa, indawo yewindi kanye nosayizi omkhulu okungenzeka unikezwe ibhafa/umthombo/isikrini, ngenkathi TholaLargestConsoleWindowSize ibala iwindi elikhulu liziba usayizi webhafa. Ukusondeza noma ukuhlehlisa, sebenzisa SetConsoleScreenBufferSize (ishintsha usayizi webhafa) futhi SethaConsoleWindowInfo (ushintsha usayizi noma ubeka kabusha iwindi) ngokuhlonipha imikhawulo eshiwo.

Lungisa usayizi webhafa nenombolo yemigqa ku-CMD

Ukuze ulungise ngokushesha kusuka kukhonsoli ngokwayo, umyalo IMODE CON Eyakudala: chaza amakholomu (COLS) kanye nemigqa (IMIGQA). Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba ukusetha ikhonsoli ehlangene enamakholomu angu-70 nemigqa engu-9: MODE CON cols=70 lines=9. Le ndlela ithinta i iwindi nosayizi webhafa emdlalweni owodwa.

Uma ukhetha indlela eqhubekayo neyimbudumbudu, sebenzisa i- I-Console Properties (chofoza kwesokudla isihloko > Izakhiwo). Kuthebhu Izinketho, vula Ukuhlela okusheshayo e Ukufaka ukuze unamathisele ngokushesha bese ukhetha umbhalo, bese usetha Umlando Womyalo: Usayizi Webhafa kuya ku-999 kanye Nenombolo Yamabhafa kuya ku-5 (ukugcinwa kolayini okwengeziwe ngenkathi uskrola). Kuthebhu ethi Isakhiwo, phakamisa okuthi Ukuphakama kwebhafa (isibonelo, 2500), futhi ulungise usayizi kanye nendawo yewindi; uma ususa ukumaka Vumela isistimu imise iwindi, ungasetha izixhumanisi ezithile.

Ukuze wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukufunda nobuhle, khetha ifonti nosayizi kuthebhu Fuente, futhi ichaze imibala kuthebhu ethi Imibala. Kusukela kulayini womyalo ungakwazi futhi ukushintsha imibala nge COLOR kanye nesibaluli se-hex esinamadijithi amabili (ingemuva nombhalo). Ngokwesibonelo: COLOR 0E sebenzisa ingemuva elimnyama nombhalo ophuzi; kuyasiza zokuqapha ama-consoles ezindaweni ezimnyama.

Uma ufuna izilungiselelo ezithile ziqhubeke futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzenzakalelayo, iWindows iwagcina kuRegistry. Okhiye abafaneleka kakhulu: HKCU\Console\ (okuzenzakalelayo) kanye HKCU\Console\%SystemRoot%_system32_cmd.exe (okucacile ku-cmd.exe). Ungakwazi ukuthekelisa/ukungenisa amanani njengokuthi Ukuhlelwa kwe-QuickEd, I-ScreenBufferSize, WindowSize, NumberOfHistoryBuffers, WindowPosition o I-HistoryBufferSize nge-.REG ukuphindaphinda izilungiselelo zakho ngaphandle kokumisa kabusha mathupha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqalisa kwe-CMD kusekela i-a I-Autorun ukubonisa imiyalezo noma ukwenza izenzo njalo uma ivulwa. Ku HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor idala (noma ihlele) inani leyunithi yezinhlamvu Autorun bese uyabela isibonelo: ECHO "Bienvenido a la consola"Ilungele izindawo zosekelo lapho kudingeka khona ukubingelela noma ukwaziswa kokuqala.

Iqhinga eliwusizo ukupakisha izilungiselelo zibe a ibhethri. Hlanganisa usayizi nombala nento efana nale: @ECHO OFF & mode con cols=46 lines=9 & COLOR 1F & ECHO Variables...Lokhu kukunikeza amawindi anobukhulu obuchazwe ngaphambilini nemibala, elungele imibhalo engadingi sonke isikrini.

I-PowerShell kanye nosayizi: Ongakwenza futhi Ongeke Ukwenze

I-PowerShell isebenzisa okufanayo injini yekhonsoli (conhost.exe) kune-CMD, ngakho-ke izuza okuningi kokuziphatha okufanayo: usayizi obonakalayo uncike kubhafa, iwindi, nosayizi wefonti. Uma ulungisa la mapharamitha usebenzisa Izakhiwo, uzobona umphumela ofanayo ku-PowerShell.

Ezimeni ze-serial console nge-SAC (Special Administration Console), umkhawulo mkhulu: imvelo ibeka isigcinalwazi esincishisiwe esingu-80×24 futhi ngaphandle kokuskrola emuva, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi wenze i-paginate | more ngemiyalo emide. Ukuze uthuthuke, sebenzisa ibha yesikhala (ikhasi) noma u-Enter (umugqa). Namathisela izinqamuleli nazo ziyashintsha: ku-serial console, ukunamathisela kuhambisana SHIFT+INSERT.

Uma uvamise ukucela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi shintsha usayizi wefonti Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlela evamile kuseyizici > Umthombo. Ku-consoles yesimanje, ungashintsha usayizi wewindi ngokuhudula amakhona, futhi okukhiphayo kulungiswa ngenketho Okuphumayo kombhalo kulungiswe ekushintsheni usayizi, kodwa asikho isinqamuleli sekhibhodi yomhlaba wonke esibhalwe kokuqukethwe esikuphethe lapha.

Ukusebenzisa imibala, ukuphakama kwebhafa, noma imigqa evela ku-PowerShell isebenza kanye ne-CMD, ngoba iyimpahla ye-console. Ukuze wenze ama-consoles ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamapharamitha abonakalayo avelayo, dala amaphrofayili noma imibhalo esebenzayo UMODE y COLOR ekuqaleni kweseshini, noma lungiselela Izici Zewindi eziphiniwe kuzinqamuleli ezithile.

Ukusebenzisa i-SAC ku-Windows ne-Azure: Imikhawulo kasayizi kanye namaqhinga okupeyisha

Ku-Windows VMs (kuhlanganise ne-Azure), i-SAC ibilokhu ikhona kusukela ku-Windows Server 2003 kodwa ikhutshaziwe. Ithembele ku sacdrv.sys, isevisi sacsvr kanye nenqubo sacsess.exe. Lapho uvula iwindi lomyalo ku-SAC, sacsess.exe umkhonto cmd.exe ngaphakathi kwe-OS esebenzayo, futhi ukusuka lapho ungavula i-PowerShell, uphathe izinsiza, noma uthephe inethiwekhi kanye ne-firewall.

Ngenxa yokuthi ibhafa enomkhawulo 80x24 ngaphandle kokuskrola, khumbula ukungeza | more kunoma yimuphi umyalo we-verbose. Ukuze unamathisele kukhonsoli ye-serial: SHIFT+INSERTEmibhalweni emide, kuvame ukuba ngcono ukubhala imiyalo kumhleli wendawo bese uyinamathisela ku-SAC ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezimfushane zebhafa.

Imiyalo yokuphatha ewusizo ku-CMD ngaphakathi kwe-SAC: vumela i-RDP con reg add en HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server nasendleleni yenqubomgomo uma ikhona; phatha isevisi yedeskithophu yesilawuli kude nge sc (sc query termservice, sc config, sc start/stop); futhi uthinte inetha nge netsh (bonisa izixhumanisi, phoqa i-DHCP nge netsh interface ip set address ... source=dhcp).

Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kokuxhumana, ping y Telnet (ngemuva kokunika amandla iklayenti nge-DISM) zilungele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo; ku-PowerShell yesimanje kungcono Test-NetConnection (izimbobo zifakiwe). I Ukulungiswa kwe-DNS Iqinisekiswa nge nslookup o Resolve-DnsNameUma usola i-Firewall, ungafaka kuhlu imithetho ethile noma ukhubaze okwesikhashana amaphrofayili nge netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off futhi wenze kusebenze futhi nge ... on (ungayeki i-MPSSVC noma i-BFE noma uzolahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngokuphelele).

Kuma-akhawunti endawo, ku-CMD: net user /add, net localgroup Administrators <usuario> /add, net user <usuario> /active:yes. Ku-PowerShell: New-LocalUser, Add-LocalGroupMember y Enable-LocalUser (ezinguqulweni zangaphambili isebenzisa i-WMI). Kuwusizo ukwazi i-SID ye-akhawunti yomlawuli eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (S-1-5-21-*-500).

Ilogi Yomcimbi: Ku-CMD, wevtutil qe ikuvumela ukuthi uhlunge ngeleveli, umhlinzeki kanye nesikhawu sesikhathi nge-XPath (izibonelo nge EventID=11 noma acwaninge 4624); ku-PowerShell, Get-WinEvent con -FilterXPath y -MaxEvents Konke kuyefana kuwe ngokufometha okungcono. Ukufaka ohlwini isoftware, wmic product Iyasebenza (qaphela umthelela); ku-PowerShell ungaphinda uhlole i-WMI futhi ukhiphe nge .Uninstall().

Ubuqotho besistimu: sfc /scannow y dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth bona umonakalo; izimvume I-NTFS con icacls ukuthumela/ukulondoloza/ukubuyisela ama-ACL, futhi uthathe ubunikazi ngayo takeown uma kunesidingo. Ukuhlanza amadivayisi angekho e-PNP nge RUNDLL32.exe ... pnpclean.dll,RunDLL_PnpClean /Devices /Maxclean. Phoqa ukubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo nge gpupdate /force. Qala kabusha nge shutdown /r /t 0 (o Restart-Computer con -Force).

Shintsha usayizi wamaphikseli uma uqhathanisa namakholomu/imigqa

Ukungaqondi okuvamile ukufuna ukulungisa iwindi kukho Amaphikseli ayi-600 × 125 ngqo kusuka ku-PowerShell. Ikhonsoli yakudala iklanywe ngamakholomu/imigqa futhi ukulingana namaphikseli kuncike kokuthi ifonti nosayizi wayo. Ngakho-ke indlela ethembekile yile: 1) khetha ifonti/usayizi (Izakhiwo > Ifonti), 2) lungisa ibhafa/iwindi nge MODE CON noma kuthebhu ethi Isakhiwo, futhi 3) lungisa indawo/iwindi uma kunesidingo Ngezakhiwo.

Uma udinga ukunemba okuhleliwe, i-API yomdabu inikeza SetConsoleScreenBufferSize y SethaConsoleWindowInfo. Nokho, uzodinga ukukhumbula ukuthi iwindi alikwazi ukweqa isigcinalwazi futhi ubukhulu bangempela buncike esikrinini kanye nomthombo; TholaLargestConsoleWindowSize ikunikeza lokho kubopha okuphezulu ngaphandle kokucabangela isigcinalwazi.

Ku-Windows 10, ungahudula ikhona ukuze ushintshe usayizi wewindi, kanye nenketho yoku Okuphumayo kombhalo kulungiswe ekushintsheni usayizi Uma kunikwe amandla, umbhalo uyagoqwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuskrola okuvundlile kumawindi amancane. Lokhu kuziphatha kusindisa impilo lapho uhlela kabusha ama-consoles kumamonitha e-NOC noma izikrini zodonga.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhonsoli ku Windows 10 okusiza ngosayizi

I-console izuza izinqamuleli Ctrl (kopisha/unamathisele njengaku Izinhlelo zokusebenza yesimanje), ukukhethwa kombhalo wekhibhodi okunwetshiwe nokusekelwa kwe ukugoqa ukukhetha phakathi kwemigqa njengoba ubungenza kumhleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuhlunga okuqukethwe ibhodi yokunameka ukuguqula izingcaphuno ezisontekile noma ezinye izinhlamvu ezingasekelwa, ukugwema izinkinga lapho unamathisela.

Enye into entsha: ungakwazi shintsha usayizi ngokuhudula iwindi; uma wenza lokhu, isistimu ibuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-buffer nobukhulu bewindi. Kulabo abahlela kakhulu, yenza kusebenze Umbhalo ophumayo ulungisiwe lapho ushintshwa usayizi Iwukhiye, njengoba iphinda igoqa imigqa emide lapho inciphisa usayizi.

Ngobuhle noma ukugqagqana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ithebhu Imibala ihlanganisa ukulawula kwe Ithuba phakathi kuka-30% no-100%. Ngama-30% iwindi liyashintshashintsha; kuyasiza ngoba qapha izingodo ngaphandle kokumboza ngokuphelele amathuluzi okusekela.

Uma ubona ibhokisi elithi Ukusebenzisa ikhonsoli yefa kunikwe amandla, susa ukumaka ukuze unike amandla lezi zici zesimanje. Eziningi ziba mpunga ngenkathi imodi yefa ivuliwe, ngakho icishe bese uvule kabusha ikhonsoli.

I-Windows Terminal: Yenza isipele izilungiselelo namaphrofayili

I-Windows Terminal ibeka phakathi amaphrofayili e-CMD/PowerShell/WSL futhi izilungiselelo zawo zihlala ku- izilungiselelo.json en %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState. Ngaphambi kokuthinta ukulungiswa okuhle, yenza Isipele ukukopisha ifayela endleleni ephephile (isibonelo, D:\Backup) nge: copy /y /v %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json D:\Backup.

Le JSON ingahlelwa nge-Notepad; lapho ungakwazi ukuphina osayizi befonti, amatimu, ukungafihli, imibala, nokuziphatha kokuskrola kuphrofayela ngayinye, okukunikeza indlela engaguquki yokuvula ama-consoles ngokubukeka nosayizi oyifunayo ngaphandle kokuncika ekuchofozweni okwenziwa ngesandla njalo.

Inethiwekhi kanye nokusebenza kwe-Firewall: Imiyalo Ebalulekile Uzobonga Ngamakhonsoli Amancane

Ngama-consoles amancane, kungcono ukusebenzisa imiyalo emfushane: I-Test-NetConnection (PowerShell) qala kabusha i-ping kanye nokuhlola imbobo nge -Port; ku-CMD, faka TelnetClient nge-DISM kanye nezimbobo zokuhlola nge telnet host 80. Okwe-DNS: Resolve-DnsName (PS) noma nslookup (CMD). Isebenza kakhulu kumafasitela anemigqa embalwa futhi ihlanganiswe nayo | more ku-SAC.

I-Firewall: uhlu lwemithetho ngembobo nge Get-NetFirewallPortFilter ku-PowerShell (noma into ye-COM hnetcfg.fwpolicy2 kumasistimu amadala) futhi ilawula amaphrofayili nge Set-NetFirewallProfile. Ku-CMD, netsh advfirewall isasebenza. Gwema ukuma I-MPSSVC noma i-BFE, noma uzokwehlisa yonke inethiwekhi.

Amasevisi, Ukuloga, kanye Nesistimu: Okubalulekile Kumaseshini Akude

Ngezinsizakalo zedeskithophu ekude, i-PowerShell ene-WMI (Get-WmiObject Win32_Service) ikubonisa i i-akhawunti yasekhaya, cishe ukuthi ibhuthini, indlela kanye ne-PID, kanye nombuso. Shintsha uhlobo lokuqalisa nge Set-Service nokuncika okuvela HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TermService. Qala/yeka nge Start-Service/Stop-Service.

Ezimeni zokubhalisa, i-PowerShell iphatha okhiye nge Get-ItemProperty y Set-ItemProperty ukuhlola noma ukunika amandla i-RDP. Uma inqubomgomo yeqembu iphoqelela amanani ku HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services, khumbula ukuthi ushintsho lwakho lungase lucishwe isibuyekezo esilandelayo senqubomgomo.

Ukuxilongwa Kwesistimu: systeminfo y wmic os Bakunikeza inguqulo, ukwakha, idethi yokufaka, indawo yesikhathi kanye nesiqalo sokugcina. Ngoba Imodi ephephile, bcdedit /enum bese uhlunga nge i-safeboot. Qala kabusha ngokushesha nge shutdown /r /t 0 o Restart-Computer uma usuvele uku-PowerShell.

Ukupheja, ukukopisha, ukuhambisa, nokusesha okuqukethwe: Ukukhiqiza kwe-PowerShell

Ama-consoles amancane akuphoqa ukuthi uthayiphe ngokushesha. Thola-Okuqukethwe ngamapharamitha afana -TotalCount o -Tail ikusiza ukuthi ubone isiqalo noma isiphetho samafayela amade. Ukuze uhlanganise ngaphandle kwe-loop, sebenzisa gc *.txt -Exclude granben.txt > granben.txt, igwema ukufaka ifayela eliphumayo kokokufakayo ngokwako.

Isiteshi (|) kwandisa ukukhiqiza: gc archivo.txt | measure -Line -Word -Character ubala imigqa, amagama nezinhlamvu. Khetha-Uchungechunge (sls) icinga amaphethini kumafayela amaningi anamakhadi asendle futhi ikunikeza umongo ngaphandle kokuwavula ngamanye.

Faka imethadatha ku-Azure ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana

Ku-Azure VM, hlola ifayela le- Isevisi yemethadatha yesibonelo Kusukela kusivakashi, hlola ukuxhumeka kumasevisi e-Azure. Ku-PowerShell: $im = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{'metadata'='true'} -Uri http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-08-01 -Method GET bese $im | ConvertTo-Json ukubona osType, vmSize, vmId, Igama, resourceGroupName noma ama-IP ayimfihlo/omphakathi. Uma lokhu kuphendula, isivakashi sifika kumphathi we-Azure.

Khumbula ukuthi i-Azure NICs kumele isebenzise DHCP ngaphakathi kwe-OS yesivakashi, ngisho ne-IP emile eyabelwe e-Azure. Setha i-adaptha nge Set-NetIPInterface -DHCP Enabled noma nge-WMI ezinguqulweni ezindala.

Ukuze uhlole ama-adaptha: Get-NetAdapter (noma i-WMI) ibonisa isimo, incazelo kanye I-MAC. Nika amandla nge Enable-NetAdapter noma lokho okubizwa nge-WMI .Enable()Le mibuzo ihlangene futhi ihambisana nama-consoles anemigqa emifushane.

Okokugcina, khumbula ukuthi kumaseshini e-SAC anebhafa ekhawulelwe, kususwa PSReadLine con Remove-Module PSReadLine Gwema izinhlamvu ezingadingeki ezengeziwe lapho unamathisela amabhlogo ombhalo; hlola kuqala nge Get-Module PSReadLine.

Ngakho konke okungenhla ungakwazi usayizi wekhonsoli yakho ngendlela efanele (ngebhafa nefasitela), ugcine okukhiphayo kufundeka, futhi usebenzise ukuphatha nokuhlola kokubili endaweni kanye ukude nge-SAC, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha.

Ukwenza isigcinalwazi, iwindi, nosayizi bokusakaza okukhiphayo akukona nje ukunethezeka: kukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokushesha, ubeke amawindi kumamonitha amakhulu, futhi ugcine izikhathi zosekelo zilawulwa ngisho nalapho indawo ibeka imikhawulo engu-80x24. IMODE CON, Properties, Registry, Console API, Windows 10 ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesiyalo sokupheja nge | more, unakho konke ukuze i-CMD ne-PowerShell zivumelane nawe hhayi ngenye indlela.